United States History: November 25

[farmgal]

November 25 is the 330th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.

There are 36 days remaining until the end of the year.

Countdown until Obama should have been leaving Office
www.obamaclock.org/

Days until coming elections:
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html

U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/



1177 Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon defeat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Montgisard

1491 The siege of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, begins.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Granada

1520 Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560), at the urging of Martin Luther and other Reformers, married Katharina Krapp, the daughter of the mayor of Wittenberg.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon

1550 Hans Staden (ca. 1525–1579), Lutheran, arrived at Bay of Paraguay in Brazil.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Staden

1554 Martin Chemnitz (1522–1586) was ordained by Johannes Bugenhagen at Wittenberg. He was an eminent second-generation Lutheran theologian, reformer, churchman, and confessor. In the Lutheran tradition he is known as Alter Martinus, the "Second Martin": Si Martinus non fuisset, Martinus vix stetisset ("If Martin [Chemnitz] had not come along, Martin [Luther] would hardly have survived") goes a common saying concerning him. He is commemorated as a pastor and confessor in the Lutheran Service Book of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod on November 9.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Chemnitz

1742 In New York, David Brainerd, 24, was approved as a missionary to the New England Indians by the Scottish Society for the Propagating of Christian Knowledge (SPCK). Brainerd worked heroically from Apr 1743 to Nov 1746, before advancing tuberculosis forced him to relinquish his work. (He died in October 1747.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brainerd

Fort Duquesne

1758 French and Indian War: British forces capture Fort Duquesne from French control. Fort Pitt is built nearby and it grows into modern Pittsburgh.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Duquesne
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania)


1851 The first YMCA in North America was organized in Boston, Massachusetts. The YMCA was founded by George Williams, a draper who was typical of the young men drawn to the cities by the Industrial Revolution. He and his colleagues were concerned about the lack of healthy activities for young men in major cities. The options available were usually taverns and brothels. On 6 June 1844, he founded the first YMCA in London with the purpose of "the improving of the spiritual condition of young men engaged in the drapery, embroidery, and other trades." By 1851, there were YMCAs in the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Australia, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands and France.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YMCA

1816 The Chestnut Street Theatre at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was illuminated with gas lights. Impressed with Dr. Charles Kugler's demonstration at Peale's Museum of lights "burning without wick or oil," the managers, Warren and Wood, had Kugler install a plant to generate gas at their theatre. Although the managers announced that audiences could expect their gas lights gave "superior safety, brilliance and neatness," there was some considerable opposition from some quarters. The works were denounced as a menace to public health and safety, emitting an unpleasant stench, with a potential for an explosion causing death and destruction
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut_Street_Theatre
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_lighting


1864 American Civil War: A group of Confederate operatives calling themselves the Confederate Army of Manhattan starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_Army_of_Manhattan

A $5 United States Note of the series of 1862 — popularly known as a "greenback" owing to the color of ink used on the reverse.

1874 The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party consisting primarily of farmers affected by the Panic of 1873.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Greenback_Party

1876 Indian Wars: In retaliation for the American defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of the Powder River.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Dull_Knife

1901 Owen Willans Richardson read a paper before the Cambridge Philosophical Society which first announced his work on thermionic emission (the release of electrons from hot metals) and in particular a law which mathematically described how the amount of electron current increased as the temperature of the hot surface was raised. (He had been working at the Cavendish Laboratory only one year since his graduation from Cambridge University.) As recorded in the published Proceedings, in Richardson's words: "If then the negative radiation is due to the corpuscles coming out of the metal, the saturation current s should obey the law s = AT1/2e-b/T." The discovery of Richardson's law earned him the 1928 Nobel Prize for Physics.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson

1905 The first U.S. advertisement for a radio receiver appeared in this day's issue of the Scientific American. The one-inch advertisement was for the Telimco, which offered for $8.50 a "Complete Outfit comprising 1-inch Spark Coil, Strap Key, Sender, Sensitive Relay, Coherer, with Automatic Decoherer and Sounder, 4 ex. Strong Dry Cells, all necessary wiring, including send and catch wires, with full instructions and diagrams." This system was suitable for sending dots and dashes (not full audio). The advertisement also said, "Guaranteed to work up to one mile. Send for Illust. pamphlet." It was offered by Hugo Gernsback of The Electro Importing Company. The product name was an acronym of the company name.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_receiver

1906 The first triode was ordered by Lee de Forest who instructed the New York automobile lamp maker, H. W. Candless, to make a glass bulb containing a "grid" wire between a filament and an electrode plate. These specifications extended the Fleming two-element diode valve design previously published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society. The third element - the grid wire - regulated the flow of electrons between the filament and the anode plate, producing an amplification of the variations in a signal voltage applied to the grid. De Forest named his invention the "Audion." Within a few years (1913-1917) he was able to profit from his patents that he sold to AT&T for a total of $390,000
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_De_Forest

1906 Immanuel Lutheran Hospital, Mankato, Minnesota, was dedicated.
www.healthgrades.com/group-directory/minnesota-mn/mankato/immanuel-saint-josephs-hospital-27b11c44

1910 The American College of Surgeons was incorporated "to elevate the standard of surgery, to establish a standard of competancy and character for practioners of surgry, and to educate the public and the profession to understand that the practice of surgery calls for special training." The first medical society in the U.S. was a short-lived, somewhat ineffective, local organization in Boston, Mass. (1735-41). The Massachusetts Medical Society was the first effective, state-charter medical society, incorporated on 1 Nov 1781. No permanent, national medical society existed in the U.S. until the American Medical Association was organized on 5 May 1847. Other specialties formed societies in the U.S. before the ACS.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_College_of_Surgeons
www.facs.org/

1926 The deadliest November tornado outbreak in U.S. history strikes on Thanksgiving day. 27 twisters of great strength are reported in the Midwest, including the strongest November tornado, an estimated F4, that devastates Heber Springs, Arkansas. There are 51 deaths in Arkansas alone, 76 deaths and over 400 injuries in all.
www.argenweb.net/white/wchs/ThanksgivingDayTornadoof1926.htm

B-26 Marauder

1940 World War II: First flight of the deHavilland Mosquito and Martin B-26 Marauder.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeHavilland_Mosquito
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_B-26_Marauder

1943 World War II: Statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina is re-established at the State Anti-Fascist Council for the People's Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZAVNOBiH

1947 Red Scare: The "Hollywood Ten" are blacklisted by Hollywood movie studios. Alvah Bessie, screenwriter;
Herbert Biberman, screenwriter and director; Lester Cole, screenwriter; Edward Dmytryk, director; Ring Lardner Jr., screenwriter; John Howard Lawson, screenwriter; Albert Maltz, screenwriter; Samuel Ornitz, screenwriter; Adrian Scott, producer and screenwriter; Dalton Trumbo, screenwriter.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Ten#The_Hollywood_Ten

1950 A great storm hit the Northern and Central Appalachians with snow and high winds. Winds reached hurricane force along eastern slopes of the Appalachians, with gusts to 100 mph at Hartford CT, 110 mph at Concord NH, and 160 mph at Mount Washington NH. Heavy rain also hit the eastern slopes, with eight inches reported at Slide Mountain NY. The western slopes were buried under heavy snow. The storm produced record snowfall totals of 27.7 inches at Pittsburgh PA, and 36.3 inches at Steubenville OH. The snow, and record cold temperatures, resulted in 160 deaths. (25th-26th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Appalachian_Storm_of_November_1950

1970 The temperature at Tallahassee, FL, dipped to 13 degrees, following a high of 40 degrees the previous day. The mercury then reached 67 degrees on the 26th, and highs were in the 70s the rest of the month. (The Weather Channel)

1982 The Minneapolis Thanksgiving Day Fire destroys an entire city block, including the Northwestern National Bank building and the recently closed Donaldson's Department Store. In 1949, Northwestern National Bank constructed a 157-foot (48 m) high weatherball atop the bank building. The weatherball became such an icon that the bank even incorporated it into its advertising and logo for a time. After the Thanksgiving Day Fire and before the building was demolished, the weatherball was dismantled and stored at the Minnesota State Fairgrounds. The weatherball was never restored and, in 2000, it was scrapped
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis_Thanksgiving_Day_fire

1983 The "Great Thanksgiving Weekend Blizzard" hit Denver, CO. The storm produced 21.5 inches of snow in 37 hours, closing Stapleton Airport for 24 hours. The snow and wind closed interstate highways around Denver. Visibility at Limon CO was down to zero for 24 hours. (The Weather Channel)

1987 An early morning thunderstorm in southeastern Texas produced high winds which rolled a mobile home east of Bay City killing two of the four occupants. Thunderstorms produced locally heavy rains in central and eastern Texas, with nine inches reported at Huntsville, and 8.5 inches at Wimberly. Snow fell across northern and central Lower Michigan, with totals ranging up to nine inches at Cadillac. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)

1988 Thunderstorms produced severe weather in Arkansas, eastern Oklahoma and northwest Texas during the day and into the night. Thunderstorms in Texas produced softball size hail at Alba, and wind gusts to 80 mph at Krum. Hail and high winds caused nearly five million dollars damage at Kaufman TX, and strong downburst winds derailed twenty-eight freight cars at Fruitvale TX. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)

1990 Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge sinks to the bottom of Lake Washington. After a howling wind- and rainstorm on Thanksgiving Day, Washington state's historic floating Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge breaks apart and sinks to the bottom of Lake Washington, between Seattle and its suburbs to the east. Because the bridge's disintegration happened relatively slowly, news crews were able to capture the whole thing on camera, broadcasting it to a rapt audience across western Washington. "It looked like a big old battleship that had been hit by enemy fire and was sinking into the briny deep," said one observer. (He added: "It was awesome.")

The Murrow Bridge was the brainchild of engineer Homer Hadley, who in 1921 proposed a "floating concrete highway, permanent and indestructible, across Lake Washington." Figuring out a way to cross that lake, between up-and-coming Seattle and its (at that time) sleepy small-town neighbors to the east, was a particular challenge because an ordinary "fixed-pier" bridge was out of the question: The lake was too deep, and its bottom was too mushy. Still, people scoffed at what they called "Hadley's Folly" (one civic organization declared that his "chain of scows across Lake Washington would stand out as a municipal eyesore"), but eventually, mostly because they had no other options, they came around to his way of thinking. Construction began on the bridge, named after the state highways director (and brother of famous newsman Edward R. Murrow), in 1939; it was completed 18 months later.

In November 1990, the 6,600-foot-long bridge, made of 22 floating bolted-together pontoons, was in the process of being converted from a two-way road to a one-way road. (A parallel bridge had been completed the year before, effectively doubling the amount of traffic that could cross the lake.) The state highway department alleged that construction crews had left the pontoons' hatches open, leaving them vulnerable to the weekend's heavy rains and large waves. (For its part, the construction company refused to accept responsibility for the disaster, countering that "the probable cause of the failure was progressive bond slip at lapped splices in the bottom slab...due to failure in bond." It did eventually agree to pay the state $20 million, however.) For whatever reason, at midday on November 25, the center pontoons began to sink. As they disappeared under the water, they pulled more and more of the crumbling roadway down with them. By the end of the day, the bridge was gone.

Fortunately, no one was injured in the incident. The Murrow Bridge was soon rebuilt.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacey_V._Murrow_Memorial_Bridge


1996 An ice storm strikes the central U.S. killing 26 people. A powerful windstorm affects Florida and winds gust over 90 mph, toppling trees and flipping trailers.

2009 Devastating floods, known as the 2009 Saudi Arabian Floods, following freak rains swamp the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during an ongoing Hajj pilgrimage. 3,000 cars are swept away and 122 people perish in the torrents, with 350 others missing.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Jeddah_floods



Births

1697 Gerhard Tersteegen, at Meurs, Rhenish Prussia, German hymnist, (d. 3 Apr 1769).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Tersteegen

1742 Henry Melchior Muhlenberg (1711–1787) arrived in Philadelphia via Charleston, South Carolina.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Muhlenberg

1816 Lewis Morris Rutherfurd (d 1892) American spectroscopist, astrophysicist and photographer, born in Morrisania, NY, who made the first telescopes designed for celestial photography. He produced a classification scheme of stars based on their spectra as similarly developed by the Italian astronomer. Rutherfurd spent his life working in his own observatory, built in 1856, where he photographed (from 1858) the Moon, Jupiter, Saturn, the Sun, and stars down to the fifth magnitude. While using photography to map star clusters, he devised a new micrometer to measure distances between stars with improved accuracy. When Rutherford began (1862) spectroscopic studies, he devised highly sophisticated diffraction gratings.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Morris_Rutherfurd

1817 John Bigelow (d 1911) American lawyer and statesman.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bigelow

1835 Andrew Carnegie (d 1919) Scottish-born American steel industrialist and humanitarian who began his career in the iron and steel business in 1865, focussed on steel from 1873, owned Homestead Steel Works in 1888, and by 1899 had founded the Carnegie Steel Co., which merged with United States Steel Corp. in 1901. He then devoted the rest of his life to philanthropy, especially as a benefactor of over 1700 libraries. He also supported public education, and international peace. His parents were handloom weavers in Scotland, made poor by the advent of mechanized factories, and the family emigrated to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S., in 1848. At age 17, he became a telegraph operator, and by 1859 was vice-president of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie

1843 Henry Ware Eliot (d 1919) American industrialist and philanthropist who lived in St. Louis, Missouri.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ware_Eliot

1846 Carrie A. Nation (d 1911) member of the temperance movement, which opposed alcohol in pre-Prohibition America. She is particularly noted for promoting her viewpoint through vandalism. On many occasions Nation would enter an alcohol-serving establishment and attack the bar with a hatchet. She has been the topic of numerous books, articles and even a 1966 opera by Douglas Moore, first performed at the University of Kansas.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie_A._Nation

1862 Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin (d 1901) American pianist and composer.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethelbert_Woodbridge_Nevin

1869 Benjamin Barr Lindsey (d 1943) American judge and social reformer.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Barr_Lindsey

1870 Winthrop Ames (d 1937) American theatre director and producer, playwright and screenwriter. For three decades at the beginning of the 20th century, Ames was an important force on Broadway, whose repertoire included directing and producing Shakespeare and classic plays, new plays, and revivals of Gilbert and Sullivan operettas.

1881 Blessed Pope John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes PP. XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (d 1963), known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City on 28 October 1958. He called the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) but did not live to see it to completion, dying on 3 June 1963, two months after the completion of his final encyclical, Pacem in Terris. He was beatified on 3 September 2000, along with Pope Pius IX.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII

1883 Merrill Church Meigs (d 1968) executive of the Chicago Herald and Examiner in the 1920s. Inspired to become a pilot by Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, he became a booster of Chicago as a world center of aviation. He gave flying lessons to President Harry S. Truman.

1893 Joseph Wood Krutch (d 1970) American naturalist, conservationist, writer, and critic. His fame began with The Modern Temper (1929), a book in which he described how science replaced religious certainties with rational skepticism, leaving man in a meaningless world. But Krutch later discovered profound meaning in Nature. On doctor's orders, in 1950 he had to leave New York and New England, where he had been teaching, for the dry desert air of the Southwest. In the beauty of the Sonoran Desert, he wrote masterpieces of natural history, including The Voice of the Desert and The Desert Year, (which won the John Burroughs Medal in 1954). Dr. Krutch lived his retirement years in Tucson, Arizona, and was a co-founder of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum.

1896 Virgil Thomson (d 1989) American composer and critic from Kansas City, Missouri. He was instrumental in the development of the "American Sound" in classical music. He has been described as a modernist, a neoclassicist, a composer of "an Olympian blend of humanity and detachment" whose, "expressive voice was always carefully muted," until his late opera Lord Byron which, in contrast to all his previous work, exhibited an emotional content that rises to, "moments of real passion", and a neoromantic.

1900 Helen Gahagan (d 1980) American actress and (under the name Helen Gahagan Douglas) a politician. She was the third woman and first Democratic woman elected to Congress from California; her election made California one of the first two states (the other was Illinois) to have elected female members of the House from both parties.

1911 Athelstan Frederick Spilhaus (d 1998) South African-born American geophysicist and inventor. As a student at the University he built a sand yacht out of an old automobile and sailed it on nearby salt flats, much like an ice boat with wheels. By 1937, he invented the bathythermograph (or BT), a temperature measuring device. Initially it was used by biologists and oceanographers, but during WW II in conjunction with sonar it played a major role in the detection of German submarines. In 1954, he became the first U.S. ambassador to UNESCO. He launched a weekly science-oriented comic strip called "Our New Age," seen in 100 newspapers worldwide (1957-73). As a futurist, Spilhaus suggested covered skyways and tunnels connecting city buildings, useful in bad weather

1913 Lewis Thomas (d 1993) American physician, researcher, author, and teacher best known for his reflective essays on a wide range of topics in biology. While his specialities are immunology and pathology, in his book, Lives of a Cell, his down-to-earth science writing stresses that what is seen under the microscope is similar to the way human beings live, and he emphasizes the interconnectedness of life. As a research scientist, Thomas made an impact by suggesting that an immunosurveillance mechanism protects us from the possible ravages of mutant cells, an idea later championed by Macfarlane Burnett. He also proposed that viruses have played a major role in the evolution of species by their ability to move pieces of DNA from one individual or species to another.

1914 Joseph Paul "Joe" DiMaggio (d 1999), nicknamed "Joltin' Joe" and "The Yankee Clipper", was an American Major League Baseball center fielder. He played his entire 13-year baseball career for the New York Yankees. He was voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955. He was the middle of three brothers who each became major league center fielders, the others being Vince and Dom.

1939 Martin Stuart "Marty" Feldstein economist. He is currently the George F. Baker Professor of Economics at Harvard University, and the president emeritus of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). He served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the NBER from 1978 through 2008. From 1982 to 1984, Feldstein served as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers and as chief economic advisor to President Ronald Reagan (where his deficit hawk views clashed with Reagan administration economic policies). He has also been a member of the Washington-based financial advisory body the Group of Thirty since 2003.

1940 Joe Jackson Gibbs former American football coach, NASCAR Championship team owner, and two time NHRA Pro Stock team owner. He was the 20th and 26th head coach in the history of the Washington Redskins. Well known for his long hours and work ethic, Gibbs constructed what Steve Sabol has called, "The most diverse dynasty in NFL history,"[citation needed] building championship teams with many players who have had mediocre to average careers while playing for other NFL teams. During his first stint in the National Football League, he coached the Redskins for 12 seasons and led them to eight playoff appearances, four NFC Championship titles, and three Super Bowl titles.

1942 Bob Lind (born Robert Neale Lind, Baltimore, Maryland) is an American folk music singer-songwriter who reached the height of his success during the 1960s. Lind is best known for his transatlantic chart hit single, "Elusive Butterfly", which reached #5 on both the US and UK charts in 1966.

1944 Benjamin Jeremy "Ben" Stein American actor, writer, lawyer, and commentator on political and economic issues. He attained early success as a speechwriter for American presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. Later he entered the entertainment field and became an actor, comedian, and Emmy Award-winning game show host.

1960 Amy Lee Grant American singer-songwriter, musician, author, media personality and occasional actress, best known for her Christian music. She has been referred to as "The Queen of Christian Pop". As of 2009, Grant remains the best-selling contemporary Christian music singer ever, having sold over 30 million units worldwide. Grant made her debut as a teenager, and gained fame in Christian music during the 1980s with such hits as "Father's Eyes," "El Shaddai", and "Angels". During the 1980s and 1990s, she became one of the first gospel artists to cross over into mainstream pop on the heels of her successful albums Unguarded and Heart in Motion, the latter of which included the number-one singles "Baby Baby" and "Every Heartbeat".

1960 John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. (November 25, 1960 – July 16, 1999), often referred to as John F. Kennedy, Jr., JFK Jr., John Jr., John Kennedy or John-John, was an American socialite, magazine publisher, lawyer, and pilot. The elder son of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy, Kennedy died in a plane crash along with his wife Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy and his sister-in-law Lauren Bessette, on July 16, 1999.


Deaths


1748 Isaac Watts, hymnist, (b 17 July 1674).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Watts

1899 Robert Lowry (b. 12 Mar 1826), American Baptist clergyman and sacred music composer. Wrote "Low in the Grave He Lay" and "Shall We Gather at the River?" among others.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/l/o/w/lowry_r.htm
www.cyberhymnal.org/htm/n/b/nbtblood.htm



1944 Kenesaw Mountain Landis (b 1866) American jurist who served as a federal judge from 1905 to 1922, and subsequently as the first commissioner of organized baseball, including both the American and National leagues and the governing body of minor league baseball, the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, from 1920 until his death.

1949 Bill “Bojangles” Robinson (b 1878) American tap dancer and actor of stage and film. Audiences enjoyed his understated style, which eschewed the frenetic manner of the jitterbug in favor of cool and reserve; rarely did he use his upper body, relying instead on busy, inventive feet and an expressive face. A figure in both the Black and White entertainment worlds of his era he is best known today for his dancing with Shirley Temple in a series of films during the 1930s.

1958 Charles Franklin Kettering (b 1876) American engineer whose 140 patents included the electric starter, car lighting and ignition systems. In his early career, with the National Cash Register Co., Dayton (1904-09), he created the first electric cash register with an electric motor that opened the drawer. When he co-founded the Dayton Engineering Laboratories Company (DELCO, with Edward A. Deeds) he invented the key-operated self-starting motor for the Cadillac (1912) and it spread to nearly all new cars by the 1920's. As vice president and director of research for General Motors Corp. (1920-47) he developed engines, quick-drying lacquer finishes, anti-knock fuels, and variable-speed transmissions.

1987 Harold Lee Washington (b 1922) American lawyer and politician who became the first African American Mayor of Chicago, serving from 1983 until his death in 1987.

1998 Kenneth C. Brugger (b 1918?) American amateur naturalist who on 2 Jan 1975, discovered the long-sought winter home of the monarch butterfly in the mountains of Mexico. From 1937, for 38 years, Canadian zoologist Freud Urquhart patiently investigated to establish the route and destination of the insects. Using tags on the wings of some butterflies, he followed their trails to Mexican territory. Kenneth C. Brugger, one of Urquhart's helpers, after a long period of traveling in the center of Mexico, found the first butterfly refuge. Within the territory of only 200 square meters, there are around 20 million butterflies. The area was cold and covered with oyamel trees and pine trees, a few kilometers from rural towns. Brugger died in Austin, Texas.

1998 Clerow Wilson, Jr. (b 1933), known professionally as Flip Wilson, American comedian and actor. Wilson was the first African American entertainer to host his own weekly variety series, The Flip Wilson Show. The popular series earned Wilson a Golden Globe and two Emmy Awards. In January 1972, Time magazine featured Wilson's image on their cover and named him "TV's first black superstar".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clerow_Wilson

2006 Kenneth Marlar Taylor (b 1919) United States Army Air Forces Second Lieutenant pilot stationed at Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941. Along with his fellow pilot and friend George Welch, they got airborne while under fire and Taylor shot down four Japanese dive bombers. Taylor was injured during the incident and received several awards for his efforts, including the Distinguished Service Cross and the Purple Heart.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_M._Taylor


Christian Feast Day:

Catherine of Alexandria
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_of_Alexandria

Elizabeth of Reute
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Reute




Catherine Labouré
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9



November 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

Feasts

Apodosis (leave-taking) of the Entry of the Theotkos (Great Feast)

Saints

Great-martyr Catherine of Alexandria (305-313) [Greek usage]

Hieromartyr Clement, pope of Rome (101) [Russian usage]

Hieromartyr Peter, archbishop of Alexandria (311)

Venerable St. Peter of Galatia, hermit near Antioch of Syria (ca. 403)

Saint Clement of Ohrid, bishop of Greater Macedonia (916) [Bulgarian usage]



daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.todayinsci.com/11/11_25.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_25
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mousetrap-opens-in-london
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_25_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1125.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm