Post by farmgal on Nov 20, 2012 22:18:20 GMT -5
November 22 is the 327th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 39 days remaining until the end of the year.
Countdown until Obama should have been leaving Office
www.obamaclock.org/
Days until coming elections:
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
498 After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus was elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius was elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Symmachus
1220 Pope Honorius III (1148–1227) crowned Frederick II (1194–1250) as Holy Roman Emperor in an attempt to reestablish relations between the emperor and the pope.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III
1307 Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoralis_Praeeminentiae
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_V
1439 The bull Exultate Deo announced agreement between the Armenians and the Latins at the Council of Florence.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Florence
1497 Vasco Da Gama became the first to sail round the Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama sailed from Lisbon, Portugal, on July 8, 1497, heading to the East. At the time, many people thought that da Gama's trip would be impossible because it was assumed that the Indian Ocean was not connected to any other seas. Da Gama rounded Africa's Cape of Good Hope on November 22, and continued on to India. After many stops in Africa, and problems with Muslim traders who did not want interference in their profitable trade routes, da Gama reached Calicut, India on May 20, 1498.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama
1518 The faculty at Wittenberg wrote to Frederick III (1463–1525), elector of Saxony, attesting to their complete agreement with Martin Luther’s views.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_III,_Elector_of_Saxony
1574 Discovery of the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.
1633 Irish Catholic Cecil Calvert, 27, sent two ships (the Ark and the Dove) from Ireland to establish a colony in America as a refuge for fellow Catholics. His work later earned Lord Calvert the nickname, "Colonizer of Maryland."
1641 An observer at Boston, MA, recorded a "great tempest of wind and rain from the southeast all night, as fierce as a hurricane, and thereupon followed the highest tide which we have seen since our arrival here". (David Ludlum)
1718 Blackbeard the pirate (Edward Teach) was killed off the coast of North Carolina. In November 1718, Governor Alexander Spottswood of Virginia, knowing that Blackbeard and his men had continued taking ships long after the period of amnesty had expired, sent a Royal Navy contingent to North Carolina, where Blackbeard was killed in a bloody battle at Ocracoke Inlet on November 22, 1718. During the action, Blackbeard received a reported five musketball wounds and more than 20 sword lacerations before dying. Blackbeard had captured over 40 ships during his piratical career, and his death virtually represented the end of an era in the history of piracy in the New World.
1809 The first patent was issued in the U.S. for a metallic writing pen was issued to Peregrine Williamson a jeweller of Baltimore, Maryland. The patent title occurs in summary lists in published books that exist after the fire that consumed all the records at the Patent Office on 15 Dec 1836. Williamson's pens were made of steel rolled from wire, a sort of steel quill that would never need cutting to sharpen the nib. His first attempt did not write well for want of flexibility but that was solved by adding two more slits parallel to the main one. He then had a product that eventually sold so well it kept him and a journeyman employed full-time in a profitable business. There are references to steel pens being used in Britain before this patent.
1812 War of 1812: 17 Indiana Rangers are killed at the Battle of Wild Cat Creek.
1842 Mount St Helens in Washington, erupts. In late fall or early winter of 1842, nearby settlers and misionaries were witness to the so-called "Great Eruption". This small-volume outburst created large ash clouds, and mild explosions followed for 15 years. The eruptions of this period were likely phreatic (steam explosions). The Reverend Josiah Parrish in Champoeg, Oregon witnessed Mount St. Helens in eruption on November 22, 1842. Ash from this eruption may have reached The Dalles, Oregon, 48 miles (80 km) southeast of the volcano.
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1849 Austin College was chartered in Texas at Huntsville under Presbyterian sponsorship. In 1876 the school campus was moved to Sherman, TX.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_College
1858 Denver, Colorado is founded.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver,_Colorado#History
1864 American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Confederate General John Bell Hood invades Tennessee in an unsuccessful attempt to draw Union General William T. Sherman from Georgia.
1873 American lawyer Horatio G. Spafford's four daughters drowned when their passenger ship, while crossing the Atlantic, collided with another and sank. The following month, as his own ship passed over the spot of the earlier tragedy, Spafford penned the words to the enduring hymn, "It is Well With My Soul."
1880 Lillian Russell made her vaudeville debut -- in New York City. On November 22, 1880 Lillian Russell made her debut at Tony Pastor's Theatre in New York City. Within weeks, the beautiful blonde added a prominent role in The Pie Rats of Penn Yann to her stage credits. This spirited "travesty" of Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Pennzance made Lillian Russell an instant star. For the next 35 years, Russell maintained her position as one of the first ladies of the American stage.
1899 The Marconi Wireless Company of America was incorporated under laws of the State of New Jersey.
1903 The American Leather Chemists Association was formed by nine founding members. It was the outcome of a decade when a small number of chemists with a commercial interest in the product had worked to establish reliable analytical methods for analyzing the tanning extracts used in the industry, and to introduce scientific methods of tannery plant control. They devised a method of measuring the amount of tanning material absorbed by dried, ground hide. However, these formative years were still characterised by bitter disputes and wrangling among the chemists.
1904 The first direct current, interpole, electric motor to be patented in the U.S. was issued to Mathias Pfatischer of Phildadelphia, Pennsylvania under the title "Variable Speed Motor" (No.775,310). His improvement was to "effect commutation without sparking, with a variable load as well as at variable speed and which is capable of rotation in either direction." The new design added auxiliary-field pole-pieces which were small as compared to the main pole-pieces.
1904 Design Patent for the Congressional Medal of Honor was granted to George Gillespie. On April 23, Congress authorized a distinctive new design for the Army Medal of Honor, the brainchild of General George Gillespie who had received the Medal of Honor during the Civil War. The new "Gillespie Medal" retains the star shape but surrounds it with a green laurel. The Medal is suspended from a newly designed blue ribbon bearing 13 stars from a bar on which is printed the word "VALOR". Upon authorizing the new Medal of Honor design, Congress requires Medal recipients to return their original Medals to be replaced with the new.
1906 The S.O.S radio distress signal was adopted at the International Radio Telegraphic Convention in Berlin.
1909 Helen Hayes appeared for the first time on the New York stage. In 1909, Hayes made her New York debut at the Herald Square Theater as Little Mime in Lew Fields' production of Old Dutch. She, then, went back to Washington, DC to enter the Academy of Sacred Heart Convent, from which she graduated in 1917. Soon after her graduation, Hayes opened as the lead in Pollyanna and toured the country during the 1917-18 season
1910 The first U.S. patent for a steel-shafted golf club was issued to Arthur F. Knight of Schenectady, N.Y. (No. 976,267). The shaft was formed from tempered high-carbon steel tubing, in which the volume of metal decreases toward the head. The new construction was to provide an elastic, yet non-fibrous shaft, in order that "the line of flight of the ball may truly conform to the direction of the blow delivered by the player." The inventor described how at the time the customary use of an elastic but fibrous wood, such as selected seasoned hickory, would offer small resistance to twisting around the long axis of the shaft that resulted as the head of the club struck the ball. The use of steel solved this torsion problem.
1917 NHL founded with five teams. After a series of disputes in the Canadian National Hockey Association (NHA) between Eddie Livingstone, owner of the Toronto Blueshirts and the owners of other teams, the owners of the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators and Quebec Bulldogs met at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal to talk about the NHA's future. Their discussions eventually led to the creation of the National Hockey League in 1917; the founding teams were the Canadiens, Wanderers, Senators and the newly-created Toronto Arenas.
1927 The first U.S. patent for a snowmobile was issued to Carl J.E. Eliason of Saynor, Wisconsin (No. 1,650,334). His "motor toboggan" had ski-like front runners and a rear drive track. Between 1922-26, he perfected the machine and handmade forty of them, by himself. The early machines had a metal frame body and were powered by a 2.5 hp outboard motor. By 1932, Eliason had an improved model - bigger, sturdier with a converted motorcycle engine able to travel over 40 mph. Although earlier snow travel vehicles had been made, Eliason is credited for creating the first reliable, self-propelled vehicle manufactured on a sustained production basis. Later manufacturers followed his design.
1930 First US football game broadcast to England (Harvard 13, Yale 0)
1932 The first U.S. patent for a computer pump was issued to the inventors, Robert J. Jauch, Ivan R. Farnham and Ross H. Arnold for their "Liquid Dispensing Apparatus" (No. 1,888,533). Their motorized pump both metered and displayed the exact gallons of gasoline or other liquid dispensed, and also accurately computed and showed the price in dollars and cents while delivery was made. The internal totalizer could be easily reset for any new price per gallon. It solved the problems of inaccurate delivery of volume from a visible type dispenser, and its necessary ready-reckoning card with quantity and cost tables, which needed a new card when prices changed. The Wayne Co., Fort Wayne, Indiana, marketed it from 1 Nov 1931.
1935 First trans-Pacific airmail flight. Proving flights were made in late 1935 and early 1936, China Clipper making the first ever commercial double crossing of the Pacific between November 22,1935 and December 6,1935. The full, regular trans-Pacific M-130 service opened on October 21,1936, the flight spanning five days and occupying a total of 60 hours actual flying. Using these flying boats--a fleet of 25 in total--Pan American became the first airline to cross the Pacific, the first to establish extensive routes in South America, and the first to offer regular airplane commercial service across the North Atlantic.
1938 Bunny Berigan and his orchestra waxed "Jelly Roll Blues" on Victor Records
1940 World War II: Following the initial Italian invasion, Greek troops counterattack into Italian-occupied Albania and capture Korytsa.
1941 In the Federal Register, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specified the first minimum daily requirements for dietary supplements - for vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium, iron, iodine, and phosphorus.
1942 World War II: Battle of Stalingrad - General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th army is surrounded.
1943 World War II: War in the Pacific - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan (see Cairo Conference)
1945 Jim Benton, Cleveland end, gains 303 yards (NFL record)
1950 Commuter trains collide in New York City. Two Long Island Railroad (LIRR) commuter trains collide on this day in 1950, killing 79 people. Defective equipment caused this horrific rear-end collision, the worst in the history of the LIRR.
The accident occurred in the Richmond Hills section of Queens. A 12-car train carrying commuters from Manhattan to Hempstead on Long Island was ordered to slow down as it entered the station in Queens. Engineer William Murphy cut the speed to 15 miles per hour and then to a complete stop. As the train stood still on the tracks, rear flagman Bertram Biggin got off the train with a red lamp in order to warn any approaching trains of its presence.
Soon, the train got a green light to move on and the Hempstead train attempted to restart its journey. Biggin got back on the train, but the stop had caused the train's brakes to lock. The express train to Babylon was on the same tracks just minutes behind and had green lights to proceed. It hit the rear of the Hempstead train going 40 miles per hour, smashing into and under the rear car, throwing it high into the air. Benjamin Pokorney, the motorman of the Babylon train, was killed, along with everyone traveling in the rear car. Another 363 people suffered significant injuries.
New York City Mayor Vincent Impellitari called the LIRR a "disgraceful common carrier" following the discovery that defective equipment that was not maintained properly was responsible for the accident. Millions of dollars in damages were eventually paid to the victims and their families.
1950 Lowest NBA score, Ft Wayne Pistons (19), Minneapolis Lakers (18)
1952 "It's in the Book" by Johnny Standley topped the charts. "It's in the Book" is a recorded comic monologue, partly sung, partly an exhortation in the manner of a revivalist preacher on the subject of Little Bo-Peep. It was marketed as a pop song, and actually made the Billboard charts 1952 in music, reaching number one. By the way, it is illegal to sell or broadcast the song on the radio in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
1954 The Humane Society of the United States is founded.
1956 Bill Sharman (Boston) begins NBA free throw streak of 55 games
1957 Extremely destructive Santa Ana winds blew from Oxnard to San Diego and inland parts of southern California. The high winds produced a 28,000 acre brush fire on a 40-mile front west of Crystal Lake. People were ordered off streets in some areas due to flying debris. (21st-22nd) (The Weather Channel)
1957 Mickey Mantle beats Ted Williams for MVP. Mickey Mantle edges Ted Williams 233 to 209 votes to win the American League MVP. Williams, at 39 years of age, led the league in hitting with a .388 average, hit 38 home runs, and compiled a slugging average of .731. Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey brands the voting "incompetent and unqualified," noting that two Chicago writers listed Williams in the 9th and 10th places on their ballots.
1959 Boston Patriots enter the AFL
1963 In Dallas, Texas, US President John F. Kennedy is killed and Texas Governor John B. Connally is seriously wounded by Lee Harvey Oswald, who is later captured and charged with the murder of police officer J. D. Tippit. That same day, US Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of the United States.
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, is assassinated while traveling through Dallas, Texas, in an open-top convertible.
First lady Jacqueline Kennedy rarely accompanied her husband on political outings, but she was beside him, along with Texas Governor John Connally and his wife, for a 10-mile motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas on November 22. Sitting in a Lincoln convertible, the Kennedys and Connallys waved at the large and enthusiastic crowds gathered along the parade route. As their vehicle passed the Texas School Book Depository Building at 12:30 p.m., Lee Harvey Oswald allegedly fired three shots from the sixth floor, fatally wounding President Kennedy and seriously injuring Governor Connally. Kennedy was pronounced dead 30 minutes later at Dallas' Parkland Hospital. He was 46.
Vice President Lyndon Johnson, who was three cars behind President Kennedy in the motorcade, was sworn in as the 36th president of the United States at 2:39 p.m. He took the presidential oath of office aboard Air Force One as it sat on the runway at Dallas Love Field airport. The swearing in was witnessed by some 30 people, including Jacqueline Kennedy, who was still wearing clothes stained with her husband's blood. Seven minutes later, the presidential jet took off for Washington.
The next day, November 23, President Johnson issued his first proclamation, declaring November 25 to be a day of national mourning for the slain president. On that Monday, hundreds of thousands of people lined the streets of Washington to watch a horse-drawn caisson bear Kennedy's body from the Capitol Rotunda to St. Matthew's Catholic Cathedral for a requiem Mass. The solemn procession then continued on to Arlington National Cemetery, where leaders of 99 nations gathered for the state funeral. Kennedy was buried with full military honors on a slope below Arlington House, where an eternal flame was lit by his widow to forever mark the grave.
Lee Harvey Oswald, born in New Orleans in 1939, joined the U.S. Marines in 1956. He was discharged in 1959 and nine days later left for the Soviet Union, where he tried unsuccessfully to become a citizen. He worked in Minsk and married a Soviet woman and in 1962 was allowed to return to the United States with his wife and infant daughter. In early 1963, he bought a .38 revolver and rifle with a telescopic sight by mail order, and on April 10 in Dallas he allegedly shot at and missed former U.S. Army general Edwin Walker, a figure known for his extreme right-wing views. Later that month, Oswald went to New Orleans and founded a branch of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, a pro-Castro organization. In September 1963, he went to Mexico City, where investigators allege that he attempted to secure a visa to travel to Cuba or return to the USSR. In October, he returned to Dallas and took a job at the Texas School Book Depository Building.
Less than an hour after Kennedy was shot, Oswald killed a policeman who questioned him on the street near his rooming house in Dallas. Thirty minutes later, Oswald was arrested in a movie theater by police responding to reports of a suspect. He was formally arraigned on November 23 for the murders of President Kennedy and Officer J.D. Tippit.
On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy's murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder.
Jack Ruby, originally known as Jacob Rubenstein, operated strip joints and dance halls in Dallas and had minor connections to organized crime. He features prominently in Kennedy-assassination theories, and many believe he killed Oswald to keep him from revealing a larger conspiracy. In his trial, Ruby denied the allegation and pleaded innocent on the grounds that his great grief over Kennedy's murder had caused him to suffer "psychomotor epilepsy" and shoot Oswald unconsciously. The jury found Ruby guilty of "murder with malice" and sentenced him to die.
In October 1966, the Texas Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the grounds of improper admission of testimony and the fact that Ruby could not have received a fair trial in Dallas at the time. In January 1967, while awaiting a new trial, to be held in Wichita Falls, Ruby died of lung cancer in a Dallas hospital.
The official Warren Commission report of 1964 concluded that neither Oswald nor Ruby were part of a larger conspiracy, either domestic or international, to assassinate President Kennedy. Despite its seemingly firm conclusions, the report failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event, and in 1978 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in a preliminary report that Kennedy was "probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy" that may have involved multiple shooters and organized crime. The committee's findings, as with those of the Warren Commission, continue to be widely disputed.
1965 The production of "Man of La Mancha" opened in NYC for the first of 2,328 performances.
1969 In American football, the University of Michigan upset Ohio State University, 24-12, in Bo Schembechler's first season as Michigan's head coach. The win set off the 10 Year War between Schembechler and Ohio State's Woody Hayes. (See also Michigan-Ohio State rivalry).
1975 "Dr. Zhivago" appeared on TV for the first time. The film takes place during the tumultuous period of 1913-1922, the years of World War I, the Russian Revolution, and Russian Civil War, as the regime of Emperor Nicholas II was overthrown and the Soviet Union established by overthrowing the government of Alexander Kerensky.
1977 Regular passenger service between New York and Europe on the supersonic Concorde began on a trial basis. Whereas scheduled Concorde flights started on 21 Jan 1976 for London-Bahrain and Paris-Rio routes, the U.S. Congress had banned Concorde landings in the US, mainly due to citizen protest over sonic booms. When the US ban was lifted in Feb 1976, for over-water supersonic flight, New York banning Concorde locally. Thus, Washington D.C. was the first destination for transatlantic service, beginning 24 May 1976, by Air France and British Airways. When New York conceded to the advantages of transatlantic Concorde traffic, daily flights operated until 2003 with a flight time just under 3.5 hours.
1981 San Diego Charger Dan Fouts passes for 6 touchdowns vs Oakland (55-21)
1983 The last wringer-washer made in the U.S., a Master Model E was built by the Maytag Company, the last U.S. company to make hand-operated washers. Their Model E was introduced in 1939. Maytag's first washing machine product was the Pastime hand-powered wood tub. It was produced from late 1907 to 1908 under the "Parsons" manufacturer name used until about 1909 when the business adopted the Maytag Company name. In 1893, the founder, Fred L. Maytag, had joined three other men in Newton, Iowa, to manufacture farm implements. The change to domestic appliances solved the seasonal sales slump. On 31 Mar 2006, Whirlpool Corporation, completed acquisition of the Maytag Company.
1984 Mr. Rogers' sweater hangs in the Smithsonian. Time to clear out the closet in the neighborhood... Fred Rogers of PBS "Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood" presented a sweater, knitted by his mother, to the Smithsonian Institution as "a symbol of warmth, closeness and caring," according to museum officials.
1985 The largest swearing-in ceremony took place as 38,648 immigrants became citizens of the United States after six days of rallies around the country.
1986 Mike Tyson becomes the youngest to wear the world heavyweight boxing crown.
1986 Wayne Gretzky, Edmonton, became 13th NHLer to score 500 goals.
1987 Eight cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Elkins, WV, reported a low of 5 degrees above zero. Gale force winds continued along the Northern Atlantic Coast. (The National Weather Summary)
1987 Two Chicago television stations are hijacked by an unknown pirate dressed as Max Headroom.
1988 In Palmdale, California, the first prototype B-2 Spirit stealth bomber is revealed.
1988 Wet and windy weather prevailed across the western U.S., with heavy snow in some of the higher elevations. Winds gusted to 62 mph at Vedauwoo WY, and reached 75 mph at Tillamook OR. Shelter Cove CA was drenched with 4.37 inches of rain in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 Conjunction of Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn & the Moon
1990 Margaret Thatcher resigns. Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in British history, announces her resignation after 11 years in Britain's top office.
Margaret Hilda Roberts in Grantham, England, in 1925. In 1959, after marrying businessman Denis Thatcher and giving birth to twins, she was elected to Parliament as a Conservative for Finchley, a north London district. During the 1960s, she rose rapidly in the ranks of the Conservative Party and in 1967 joined the shadow cabinet sitting in opposition to Harold Wilson's ruling Labour cabinet. With the victory of the Conservative Party under Edward Health in 1970, Thatcher became secretary of state for education and science.
In 1974, the Labour Party returned to power, and Thatcher served as joint shadow chancellor before replacing Edward Health as the leader of the Conservative Party in February 1975. She was the first woman to head the Conservatives. Under her leadership, the Conservative Party shifted further right in its politics, calling for privatization of national industries and utilities and promising a resolute defense of Britain's interests abroad. She also sharply criticized Prime Minister James Callaghan's ineffectual handling of the chaotic labor strikes of 1978 and 1979.
In March 1979, Callaghan was defeated by a vote of no confidence, and on May 3 a general election gave Thatcher's Conservatives a 44-seat majority in Parliament. Sworn in the next day, Prime Minister Thatcher immediately set about dismantling socialism in Britain. She privatized numerous industries, cut back government expenditures, and gradually reduced the rights of trade unions. In 1983, despite the worst unemployment figures for half a decade, Thatcher was reelected to a second term, thanks largely to the decisive British victory in the 1982 Falklands War with Argentina.
In other foreign affairs, the "Iron Lady" presided over the orderly establishment of an independent Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) in 1980 and took a hard stance against Irish separatists in Northern Ireland. In October 1984, an Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb exploded at the Conservative Party conference in Brighton. The prime minister narrowly escaped harm.
In 1987, an upswing in the economy led to her election to a third term, but Thatcher soon alienated some members of her own party because of her poll-tax policies and opposition to further British integration into the European Community. In November 1990, she failed to receive a majority in the Conservative Party's annual vote for selection of a leader. She withdrew her nomination, and John Major, the chancellor of the Exchequer since 1989, was chosen as Conservative leader. On November 22, she announced her resignation and six days later was succeeded by Major. Thatcher's three consecutive terms in office marked the longest continuous tenure of a British prime minister since 1827. In 1992, she was made a baroness and took a seat in the House of Lords.
1989 Strong northerly winds produced squalls along the shore of Lake Michigan, with heavy snow in extreme southeastern Wisconsin. Milwaukee WI received nine inches of snow, and in Racine County there were more than one hundred automobile accidents. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1995 Toy Story is released as the first feature-length film created completely using computer-generated imagery.
1998 Denver Broncos QB John Elway passed the 50,000-yard career-passing mark
2002 In Nigeria, more than 100 people are killed at an attack aimed at the contestants of the Miss World contest.
2005 Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany.
Births
1672 Justus Falckner, in Langen-Reinsdorf, Saxony, one of the pioneers of Lutheranism in America, (d. 1723).
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/f/a/falckner_j.htm
1786 Cyrus Kingsbury, in Alstead, New Hampshire, missionary to Choctaw Indians, (d. 27 Jun 1870, Choctaw mission station, Indian Territory).
digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KI014.html
1805 James Read Eckard, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, missionary to Ceylon, (d. 12 Mar 1887).
famousamericans.net/jamesreadeckard/
1814 Serranus Clinton Hastings (d 1893) politician and a lawyer. He studied law and moved to the Iowa District in 1837 to open a law office. Iowa became a territory a year later, and he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the Iowa Territorial General Assembly. When the territory became the state of Iowa in 1846, he won an election to represent the state in the United States House of Representatives. After his term ended, he became Chief Justice of the Iowa Supreme Court. He resigned after one year and moved to California. He was appointed the California Supreme Court as Chief Justice a few months later. He won an election to be Attorney General of California, and assumed office shortly after his term as Chief Justice ended. In 1878, he founded the Hastings College of the Law with a donation of US$100,000.
1834 Frank Crawford Armstrong (d 1909) United States Army cavalry officer and later a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He is also known for being the only Confederate general to fight on both sides during the Civil War
1840 Daniel Webster Whittle at Chicopee Falls, Mass. A Union major in the Civil War, Whittle lost his right arm in the battle of Vicksburg, and was taken prisoner. While imprisoned he read the New Testament and was converted. He became an evangelist in 1873 under D. L. Moody's influence. In his campaigns he was joined by three of the foremost music evangelists of his day: Philip P. Bliss, James McGranahan and George C. Stebbins. Among the hymns he penned (using the pseudonyrn El Nathan) are "Showers of Blessing" and "I Know Whom I Have Believed" (1883), "The Banner of the Cross" (1887) and "Why Not Now?" (1891).
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/w/h/i/whittle_dw.htm
1858 Heber Jeddy Grant (d 1945) seventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was ordained an apostle on October 16, 1882, on the same day as George Teasdale. Grant served as church president from November 23, 1918 to his death in 1945, which makes him the longest-serving church president during the twentieth century.
1863 Ditlef G. Ristad, at Overhallen, Norway, hymnist, (d. 20 September 1938). He attended the Klaebu Normal School and became a teacher at the Namsos Middle School in Norway. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1887 and attended Luther Seminary (Saint Paul, Minnesota) and Chicago University. He held pastorates at Edgerton, East Koshkonong, Rockdale and Manitowoc, Wisconsin. From 1901 to 1919 he served successively as president of Albion Academy, Park Region Luther College and the Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary (Red Wing, Minnesota). In 1897 he edited the Lutheran Sunday-school Hymnal and served on the committee for the Lutheran Hymnary and the Lutheran Hymnary Junior. In 1922 he published a volume of poems in the Norwegian language. [The Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal, comp. W. G. Polack (Saint Louis: CPH, 1942): 568]
1867 Christian James Broders, in New Orleans, military chaplain during the Spanish-American War and missionary to Brazil, Louisiana (d. 27 Nov 1932).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=B&word=BRODERS.CHRISTIANJAMES
1868 John Nance Garner IV, nicknamed "Cactus Jack" (d 1967), 44th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (1931–33) and the 32nd Vice President of the United States (1933–41).
1877 Abbe Livingston Warnshuis, in Clymer, New York, Reformed Church in America missionary at Amoy, China, (d. 17 Mar 1958).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=w&word=WARNSHUIS.ABBELIVINGSTON
1893 Harley J. Earl (d 1969) first Vice President of Design at General Motors. He was an industrial designer and a pioneer of modern transportation design. A coachbuilder by trade, Earl pioneered the use of freeform sketching and hand sculpted clay models as design techniques. He subsequently introduced the “concept car” as both a tool for the design process and a clever marketing device. Earl's Buick Y-Job was the first concept car, he started "Project Opel", which eventually became the Chevrolet Corvette, and he authorized the introduction of the tail-fin to automotive styling. During World War II, he was an active contributor to the research of camouflage.
1899 Wiley Post (d 1935) One of the most colourful figures of the early years of U.S. aviation, who set many records. Between 15-22 Jul 1933, the first round-the-world solo flight (15,596 miles) was completed by Wiley Post, in his single-engine Lockheed Vega 5B aircraft "Winnie Mae," in 7 days 18-hr 49-min. He had made an accompanied flight around the world in 1931. Wiley Post had made his first solo flight in 1926, the year he got his flying license, signed by Orville Wright, despite wearing a patch over his left eye, lost in an oilfield accident. Post invented the first pressurized suit to wear when he flew around the world. Another credit was his research into the jet streams. He died with his passenger, humorist Will Rogers, 15 Aug 1935, in a plane crash in Alaska.
1899 Hoagland Howard "Hoagy" Carmichael (d 1981) American composer, pianist, singer, actor, and bandleader. He is best known for writing "Stardust", "Georgia On My Mind", "The Nearness of You", and "Heart and Soul", four of the most-recorded American songs of all time.
1905 James Burnham (d 1987) American popular political theorist, best known for his influential work The Managerial Revolution, published in 1941. Burnham was a radical activist in the 1930s and an important factional leader of the American Trotskyist movement. In later years, as his thinking developed, he left Marxism and produced his seminal work The Managerial Revolution. He later turned to conservatism and served as a public intellectual of the conservative movement. He also wrote regularly for the conservative publication National Review on a variety of topics.
1912 Doris Duke (d 1993) American heiress, horticulturalist, art collector, and philanthropist.
1918 Claiborne de Borda Pell (d 2009) United States Senator from Rhode Island, serving six terms from 1961 to 1997, and was best known as the sponsor of the Pell Grant, which provides financial aid funding to U.S. college students. A Democrat, he was that state's longest serving senator.
1921 Rodney Dangerfield (d 2004), born Jacob Cohen, American comedian, and actor, known for the catchphrases "I don't get no respect" or "I get no respect, I tell ya" and his monologues on that theme. He is also famous for his 1980s film roles, notably in Easy Money, Caddyshack and Back To School.
1924 Geraldine Sue Page (d 1987) American actress. (Interiors, Trip to Bountiful)
1930 Owen Kay Garriott, Ph.D., former NASA astronaut who spent 60 days aboard Skylab in 1973 and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 in 1983. He is also the father of Robert Garriott and fellow spacefarer Richard Garriott, with whom he helped found Origin Systems.
1938 Henry C. Lee, Chinese-born American criminologist
1941 Terry LaVerne Stafford (d 1996), American singer and songwriter, best known for his 1964 U.S. Top 10 hit, "Suspicion", and the 1973 country music hit, "Amarillo by Morning".
1942 Guion “Guy” Bluford, Jr. engineer, retired Colonel from the United States Air Force and a former NASA Astronaut. He participated in four Space Shuttle flights between 1983 and 1992. In 1983, as a member of the crew of the space shuttle Challenger on mission STS-8, Bluford became the first African American in space, and the second person of African ancestry, after the Cuban cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez.
1943 Billie Jean King née Moffitt in Long Beach, California, former professional tennis player from the United States. She won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, 16 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and 11 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. King has been an advocate against sexism in sports and society. She is known for "The Battle of the Sexes" in 1973, in which she defeated Bobby Riggs, a former Wimbledon men's singles champion.
Deaths
1783 John Hanson (b 1721) merchant and public official from Maryland during the era of the American Revolution. After serving in a variety of roles for the Patriot cause in Maryland, in 1779 Hanson was elected as a delegate to the Continental Congress. He signed the Articles of Confederation in 1781 after Maryland finally joined the other states in ratifying them. In November 1781, he became the first President of Congress to be elected under the terms of the Articles of Confederation. Because of this, some people claim that he was the first President of the United States.
1794 John Alsop (b 1724) American merchant and politician from New York City during the American Revolution. He was a delegate for New York to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776.
1825 "Mad" Anne Bailey (b 1742) famous story teller and frontier scout who served in the fights of the American Revolutionary War and Northwest Indian War. Her single person ride in search of an urgently needed powder supply for the endangered Clendenin's Settlement (present-day Charleston, West Virginia) was used as the template for Charles Robb's 1861 poem Anne Bailey's Ride. She is known as the Heroine of the Kanawha Valley.
1875 Henry Wilson (d 1875) 18th Vice President of the United States and a Senator from Massachusetts. During the American Civil War, he was a leading Republican who devoted his enormous energies to the destruction of what he called the Slave Power, which he defined as a conspiracy of slave owners to seize control of the federal government and block the progress of liberty. After the Civil War, he was elected vice president in 1872, on President Ulysses S. Grant's Republican ticket; he served in this position from March 4, 1873 until November 22, 1875, when he died in office.
1886 William Bliss Baker (b 1859) American artist born in New York City who was just beginning to hit his stride as a landscape painter in the Realism movement when he died at his father's house at Hoosick Falls, New York at about the age of 27 due to a back injury received while ice skating several months earlier.
1896 George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. (b 1859) American engineer. He is most famous for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.
1902 Walter Reed (b 1851) U.S. Army pathologist and bacteriologist who led the experiments that proved that yellow fever is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito. The Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C., was named in his honour.
1907 Asaph Hall (b 1829) American astronomer, discovered and named the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos, and calculated their orbits. Born in Goshen, Conn. and apprenticed as a carpenter at age 16, he had a passion for geometry and algebra. Hall obtained a position at the Harvard Observatory in Cambridge, Mass. in 1857 and became an expert computer of orbits. In August 1862, he joined the staff of the Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C. where he made his discoveries, in mid- Aug 1877, using the Observatory's 26-inch "Great Equatorial" refracting telescope, then the largest of its kind in the world. He stayed there 30 years until 1891. His son, Asaph Hall, Jr., followed him and worked at the Observatory at various times between 1882-1929.
1916 Jack London (b 1876) American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone.[4] He is best remembered as the author of White Fang and Call of the Wild, set in the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories "To Build a Fire", "An Odyssey of the North", and "Love of Life". He also wrote of the South Pacific in such stories as "The Pearls of Parlay" and "The Heathen", and The Sea Wolf, of the San Francisco Bay area.
1941 Kurt Koffka (b 1886) German-American psychologist who cofounded, with Wolfgang Köhler and Max Wertheimer, the Gestalt school of psychology. Koffka became in time their most influential spokesman of Gestalt psychology. He applied it to child development, learning, memory and emotion. The name Gestalt, meaning form or configuration, emphasizes that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. Gestalt psychology grew as reaction against the traditional atomistic approach to the human being where behaviour was analyzed into constituent elements called sensations. He made an influential distinction between the behavioural and the geographical environments - the perceived world of common sense and the world studied by scientists.
1943 Lorenz "Larry" Hart (b 1895) lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team Rodgers and Hart. Some of his more famous lyrics include, "Blue Moon", "Isn't It Romantic?", "Mountain Greenery", "The Lady Is a Tramp", "Manhattan", "Where or When", "Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered", "Falling in Love with Love", "I'll Tell The Man In The Street" and "My Funny Valentine".
1963 John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (b 1917), often referred to by his initials JFK, 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
1963 J. D. Tippit (b 1924) police officer with the Dallas Police Department who, according to multiple government investigations including the Warren Commission, was shot and killed by Lee Harvey Oswald after Tippit stopped Oswald following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Oswald's initial arrest was for Tippit's murder, not Kennedy's.
1963 Clive Staples Lewis (b 1898), commonly referred to as C. S. Lewis and known to his friends and family as "Jack", Irish-born British novelist, academic, medievalist, literary critic, essayist, lay theologian and Christian apologist. He is also known for his fiction, especially The Screwtape Letters, The Chronicles of Narnia and The Space Trilogy.
Lewis was a close friend of J. R. R. Tolkien, and both authors were leading figures in the English faculty at Oxford University and in the informal Oxford literary group known as the "Inklings". According to his memoir Surprised by Joy, Lewis had been baptised in the Church of Ireland at birth, but fell away from his faith during his adolescence. Owing to the influence of Tolkien and other friends, at the age of 32 Lewis returned to Christianity, becoming "a very ordinary layman of the Church of England". His conversion had a profound effect on his work, and his wartime radio broadcasts on the subject of Christianity brought him wide acclaim.
1980 Mae West (b 1893) American actress, playwright, screenwriter and sex symbol. Known for her bawdy double entendres, West made a name for herself in Vaudeville and on the stage in New York before moving to Hollywood to become a comedienne, actress and writer in the motion picture industry. One of the more controversial movie stars of her day, West encountered many problems including censorship.
1986 William Bradford "Bill" Huie (b 1910) American journalist, editor, publisher, television interviewer, screenwriter, lecturer, and novelist.
1993 Alexander Duncan Langmuir (b 1910) U.S. epidemiologist who created and led the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) for the U.S. government and was credited with saving thousands of lives with his revolutionary work. In 1949, he became director of the epidemiology branch of the National Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta, a position he held for over 20 years. His efforts contributed to the virtual elimination of polio in the U.S. and to a better understanding of other infectious disease dilemmas of the last 50 years. He emphasized surveillance with regard to disease wherever it occurred, analyzing it and looking at it, and acting if appropriate. Langmuir wrote extensively on all phases of epidemiology on a global basis and was recognized internationally as a leader.
2001 Mary Kay Ash (b 1918) American businesswoman and founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics, Inc.
Christian Feast Day:
Cecilia
Earliest day on which Thanksgiving Day can fall, while November 28 is the latest; celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. (United States)
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akaChicago Gabriel
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.todayinsci.com/11/11_22.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.christianhistorytimeline.com/lives_events/birthday/index.php
www.amug.org/~jpaul/nov22.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_22
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-f-kennedy-assassinated
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/s/p/a/spafford_hg.htm
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1122.htm
www.cyberhymnal.org/index.htm#lk
digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/index.html
virtualology.com/virtualmuseumofhistory.com/
www.lcms.org/
There are 39 days remaining until the end of the year.
Countdown until Obama should have been leaving Office
www.obamaclock.org/
Days until coming elections:
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
498 After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus was elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius was elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Symmachus
1220 Pope Honorius III (1148–1227) crowned Frederick II (1194–1250) as Holy Roman Emperor in an attempt to reestablish relations between the emperor and the pope.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III
1307 Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastoralis_Praeeminentiae
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_V
1439 The bull Exultate Deo announced agreement between the Armenians and the Latins at the Council of Florence.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Florence
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama
1518 The faculty at Wittenberg wrote to Frederick III (1463–1525), elector of Saxony, attesting to their complete agreement with Martin Luther’s views.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_III,_Elector_of_Saxony
1574 Discovery of the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile.
1633 Irish Catholic Cecil Calvert, 27, sent two ships (the Ark and the Dove) from Ireland to establish a colony in America as a refuge for fellow Catholics. His work later earned Lord Calvert the nickname, "Colonizer of Maryland."
1641 An observer at Boston, MA, recorded a "great tempest of wind and rain from the southeast all night, as fierce as a hurricane, and thereupon followed the highest tide which we have seen since our arrival here". (David Ludlum)
1718 Blackbeard the pirate (Edward Teach) was killed off the coast of North Carolina. In November 1718, Governor Alexander Spottswood of Virginia, knowing that Blackbeard and his men had continued taking ships long after the period of amnesty had expired, sent a Royal Navy contingent to North Carolina, where Blackbeard was killed in a bloody battle at Ocracoke Inlet on November 22, 1718. During the action, Blackbeard received a reported five musketball wounds and more than 20 sword lacerations before dying. Blackbeard had captured over 40 ships during his piratical career, and his death virtually represented the end of an era in the history of piracy in the New World.
1809 The first patent was issued in the U.S. for a metallic writing pen was issued to Peregrine Williamson a jeweller of Baltimore, Maryland. The patent title occurs in summary lists in published books that exist after the fire that consumed all the records at the Patent Office on 15 Dec 1836. Williamson's pens were made of steel rolled from wire, a sort of steel quill that would never need cutting to sharpen the nib. His first attempt did not write well for want of flexibility but that was solved by adding two more slits parallel to the main one. He then had a product that eventually sold so well it kept him and a journeyman employed full-time in a profitable business. There are references to steel pens being used in Britain before this patent.
1812 War of 1812: 17 Indiana Rangers are killed at the Battle of Wild Cat Creek.
[a href="
"][/a]1849 Austin College was chartered in Texas at Huntsville under Presbyterian sponsorship. In 1876 the school campus was moved to Sherman, TX.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin_College
1858 Denver, Colorado is founded.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver,_Colorado#History
1864 American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Confederate General John Bell Hood invades Tennessee in an unsuccessful attempt to draw Union General William T. Sherman from Georgia.
1899 The Marconi Wireless Company of America was incorporated under laws of the State of New Jersey.
1903 The American Leather Chemists Association was formed by nine founding members. It was the outcome of a decade when a small number of chemists with a commercial interest in the product had worked to establish reliable analytical methods for analyzing the tanning extracts used in the industry, and to introduce scientific methods of tannery plant control. They devised a method of measuring the amount of tanning material absorbed by dried, ground hide. However, these formative years were still characterised by bitter disputes and wrangling among the chemists.
1904 The first direct current, interpole, electric motor to be patented in the U.S. was issued to Mathias Pfatischer of Phildadelphia, Pennsylvania under the title "Variable Speed Motor" (No.775,310). His improvement was to "effect commutation without sparking, with a variable load as well as at variable speed and which is capable of rotation in either direction." The new design added auxiliary-field pole-pieces which were small as compared to the main pole-pieces.
1906 The S.O.S radio distress signal was adopted at the International Radio Telegraphic Convention in Berlin.
1917 NHL founded with five teams. After a series of disputes in the Canadian National Hockey Association (NHA) between Eddie Livingstone, owner of the Toronto Blueshirts and the owners of other teams, the owners of the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators and Quebec Bulldogs met at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal to talk about the NHA's future. Their discussions eventually led to the creation of the National Hockey League in 1917; the founding teams were the Canadiens, Wanderers, Senators and the newly-created Toronto Arenas.
1930 First US football game broadcast to England (Harvard 13, Yale 0)
1938 Bunny Berigan and his orchestra waxed "Jelly Roll Blues" on Victor Records
1940 World War II: Following the initial Italian invasion, Greek troops counterattack into Italian-occupied Albania and capture Korytsa.
1941 In the Federal Register, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration specified the first minimum daily requirements for dietary supplements - for vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium, iron, iodine, and phosphorus.
1942 World War II: Battle of Stalingrad - General Friedrich Paulus sends Adolf Hitler a telegram saying that the German 6th army is surrounded.
1943 World War II: War in the Pacific - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese leader Chiang Kai-Shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan (see Cairo Conference)
1945 Jim Benton, Cleveland end, gains 303 yards (NFL record)
1950 Commuter trains collide in New York City. Two Long Island Railroad (LIRR) commuter trains collide on this day in 1950, killing 79 people. Defective equipment caused this horrific rear-end collision, the worst in the history of the LIRR.
The accident occurred in the Richmond Hills section of Queens. A 12-car train carrying commuters from Manhattan to Hempstead on Long Island was ordered to slow down as it entered the station in Queens. Engineer William Murphy cut the speed to 15 miles per hour and then to a complete stop. As the train stood still on the tracks, rear flagman Bertram Biggin got off the train with a red lamp in order to warn any approaching trains of its presence.
Soon, the train got a green light to move on and the Hempstead train attempted to restart its journey. Biggin got back on the train, but the stop had caused the train's brakes to lock. The express train to Babylon was on the same tracks just minutes behind and had green lights to proceed. It hit the rear of the Hempstead train going 40 miles per hour, smashing into and under the rear car, throwing it high into the air. Benjamin Pokorney, the motorman of the Babylon train, was killed, along with everyone traveling in the rear car. Another 363 people suffered significant injuries.
New York City Mayor Vincent Impellitari called the LIRR a "disgraceful common carrier" following the discovery that defective equipment that was not maintained properly was responsible for the accident. Millions of dollars in damages were eventually paid to the victims and their families.
1950 Lowest NBA score, Ft Wayne Pistons (19), Minneapolis Lakers (18)
1952 "It's in the Book" by Johnny Standley topped the charts. "It's in the Book" is a recorded comic monologue, partly sung, partly an exhortation in the manner of a revivalist preacher on the subject of Little Bo-Peep. It was marketed as a pop song, and actually made the Billboard charts 1952 in music, reaching number one. By the way, it is illegal to sell or broadcast the song on the radio in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
1954 The Humane Society of the United States is founded.
1956 Bill Sharman (Boston) begins NBA free throw streak of 55 games
1957 Extremely destructive Santa Ana winds blew from Oxnard to San Diego and inland parts of southern California. The high winds produced a 28,000 acre brush fire on a 40-mile front west of Crystal Lake. People were ordered off streets in some areas due to flying debris. (21st-22nd) (The Weather Channel)
1959 Boston Patriots enter the AFL
John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, is assassinated while traveling through Dallas, Texas, in an open-top convertible.
First lady Jacqueline Kennedy rarely accompanied her husband on political outings, but she was beside him, along with Texas Governor John Connally and his wife, for a 10-mile motorcade through the streets of downtown Dallas on November 22. Sitting in a Lincoln convertible, the Kennedys and Connallys waved at the large and enthusiastic crowds gathered along the parade route. As their vehicle passed the Texas School Book Depository Building at 12:30 p.m., Lee Harvey Oswald allegedly fired three shots from the sixth floor, fatally wounding President Kennedy and seriously injuring Governor Connally. Kennedy was pronounced dead 30 minutes later at Dallas' Parkland Hospital. He was 46.
Vice President Lyndon Johnson, who was three cars behind President Kennedy in the motorcade, was sworn in as the 36th president of the United States at 2:39 p.m. He took the presidential oath of office aboard Air Force One as it sat on the runway at Dallas Love Field airport. The swearing in was witnessed by some 30 people, including Jacqueline Kennedy, who was still wearing clothes stained with her husband's blood. Seven minutes later, the presidential jet took off for Washington.
The next day, November 23, President Johnson issued his first proclamation, declaring November 25 to be a day of national mourning for the slain president. On that Monday, hundreds of thousands of people lined the streets of Washington to watch a horse-drawn caisson bear Kennedy's body from the Capitol Rotunda to St. Matthew's Catholic Cathedral for a requiem Mass. The solemn procession then continued on to Arlington National Cemetery, where leaders of 99 nations gathered for the state funeral. Kennedy was buried with full military honors on a slope below Arlington House, where an eternal flame was lit by his widow to forever mark the grave.
Lee Harvey Oswald, born in New Orleans in 1939, joined the U.S. Marines in 1956. He was discharged in 1959 and nine days later left for the Soviet Union, where he tried unsuccessfully to become a citizen. He worked in Minsk and married a Soviet woman and in 1962 was allowed to return to the United States with his wife and infant daughter. In early 1963, he bought a .38 revolver and rifle with a telescopic sight by mail order, and on April 10 in Dallas he allegedly shot at and missed former U.S. Army general Edwin Walker, a figure known for his extreme right-wing views. Later that month, Oswald went to New Orleans and founded a branch of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee, a pro-Castro organization. In September 1963, he went to Mexico City, where investigators allege that he attempted to secure a visa to travel to Cuba or return to the USSR. In October, he returned to Dallas and took a job at the Texas School Book Depository Building.
Less than an hour after Kennedy was shot, Oswald killed a policeman who questioned him on the street near his rooming house in Dallas. Thirty minutes later, Oswald was arrested in a movie theater by police responding to reports of a suspect. He was formally arraigned on November 23 for the murders of President Kennedy and Officer J.D. Tippit.
On November 24, Oswald was brought to the basement of the Dallas police headquarters on his way to a more secure county jail. A crowd of police and press with live television cameras rolling gathered to witness his departure. As Oswald came into the room, Jack Ruby emerged from the crowd and fatally wounded him with a single shot from a concealed .38 revolver. Ruby, who was immediately detained, claimed that rage at Kennedy's murder was the motive for his action. Some called him a hero, but he was nonetheless charged with first-degree murder.
Jack Ruby, originally known as Jacob Rubenstein, operated strip joints and dance halls in Dallas and had minor connections to organized crime. He features prominently in Kennedy-assassination theories, and many believe he killed Oswald to keep him from revealing a larger conspiracy. In his trial, Ruby denied the allegation and pleaded innocent on the grounds that his great grief over Kennedy's murder had caused him to suffer "psychomotor epilepsy" and shoot Oswald unconsciously. The jury found Ruby guilty of "murder with malice" and sentenced him to die.
In October 1966, the Texas Court of Appeals reversed the decision on the grounds of improper admission of testimony and the fact that Ruby could not have received a fair trial in Dallas at the time. In January 1967, while awaiting a new trial, to be held in Wichita Falls, Ruby died of lung cancer in a Dallas hospital.
The official Warren Commission report of 1964 concluded that neither Oswald nor Ruby were part of a larger conspiracy, either domestic or international, to assassinate President Kennedy. Despite its seemingly firm conclusions, the report failed to silence conspiracy theories surrounding the event, and in 1978 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in a preliminary report that Kennedy was "probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy" that may have involved multiple shooters and organized crime. The committee's findings, as with those of the Warren Commission, continue to be widely disputed.
1965 The production of "Man of La Mancha" opened in NYC for the first of 2,328 performances.
1969 In American football, the University of Michigan upset Ohio State University, 24-12, in Bo Schembechler's first season as Michigan's head coach. The win set off the 10 Year War between Schembechler and Ohio State's Woody Hayes. (See also Michigan-Ohio State rivalry).
1981 San Diego Charger Dan Fouts passes for 6 touchdowns vs Oakland (55-21)
1985 The largest swearing-in ceremony took place as 38,648 immigrants became citizens of the United States after six days of rallies around the country.
1986 Wayne Gretzky, Edmonton, became 13th NHLer to score 500 goals.
1987 Eight cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Elkins, WV, reported a low of 5 degrees above zero. Gale force winds continued along the Northern Atlantic Coast. (The National Weather Summary)
1987 Two Chicago television stations are hijacked by an unknown pirate dressed as Max Headroom.
1988 In Palmdale, California, the first prototype B-2 Spirit stealth bomber is revealed.
1988 Wet and windy weather prevailed across the western U.S., with heavy snow in some of the higher elevations. Winds gusted to 62 mph at Vedauwoo WY, and reached 75 mph at Tillamook OR. Shelter Cove CA was drenched with 4.37 inches of rain in 24 hours. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 Conjunction of Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn & the Moon
Margaret Hilda Roberts in Grantham, England, in 1925. In 1959, after marrying businessman Denis Thatcher and giving birth to twins, she was elected to Parliament as a Conservative for Finchley, a north London district. During the 1960s, she rose rapidly in the ranks of the Conservative Party and in 1967 joined the shadow cabinet sitting in opposition to Harold Wilson's ruling Labour cabinet. With the victory of the Conservative Party under Edward Health in 1970, Thatcher became secretary of state for education and science.
In 1974, the Labour Party returned to power, and Thatcher served as joint shadow chancellor before replacing Edward Health as the leader of the Conservative Party in February 1975. She was the first woman to head the Conservatives. Under her leadership, the Conservative Party shifted further right in its politics, calling for privatization of national industries and utilities and promising a resolute defense of Britain's interests abroad. She also sharply criticized Prime Minister James Callaghan's ineffectual handling of the chaotic labor strikes of 1978 and 1979.
In March 1979, Callaghan was defeated by a vote of no confidence, and on May 3 a general election gave Thatcher's Conservatives a 44-seat majority in Parliament. Sworn in the next day, Prime Minister Thatcher immediately set about dismantling socialism in Britain. She privatized numerous industries, cut back government expenditures, and gradually reduced the rights of trade unions. In 1983, despite the worst unemployment figures for half a decade, Thatcher was reelected to a second term, thanks largely to the decisive British victory in the 1982 Falklands War with Argentina.
In other foreign affairs, the "Iron Lady" presided over the orderly establishment of an independent Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia) in 1980 and took a hard stance against Irish separatists in Northern Ireland. In October 1984, an Irish Republican Army (IRA) bomb exploded at the Conservative Party conference in Brighton. The prime minister narrowly escaped harm.
In 1987, an upswing in the economy led to her election to a third term, but Thatcher soon alienated some members of her own party because of her poll-tax policies and opposition to further British integration into the European Community. In November 1990, she failed to receive a majority in the Conservative Party's annual vote for selection of a leader. She withdrew her nomination, and John Major, the chancellor of the Exchequer since 1989, was chosen as Conservative leader. On November 22, she announced her resignation and six days later was succeeded by Major. Thatcher's three consecutive terms in office marked the longest continuous tenure of a British prime minister since 1827. In 1992, she was made a baroness and took a seat in the House of Lords.
1989 Strong northerly winds produced squalls along the shore of Lake Michigan, with heavy snow in extreme southeastern Wisconsin. Milwaukee WI received nine inches of snow, and in Racine County there were more than one hundred automobile accidents. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1995 Toy Story is released as the first feature-length film created completely using computer-generated imagery.
2002 In Nigeria, more than 100 people are killed at an attack aimed at the contestants of the Miss World contest.
2005 Angela Merkel becomes the first female Chancellor of Germany.
Births
1672 Justus Falckner, in Langen-Reinsdorf, Saxony, one of the pioneers of Lutheranism in America, (d. 1723).
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/f/a/falckner_j.htm
1786 Cyrus Kingsbury, in Alstead, New Hampshire, missionary to Choctaw Indians, (d. 27 Jun 1870, Choctaw mission station, Indian Territory).
digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/K/KI014.html
1805 James Read Eckard, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, missionary to Ceylon, (d. 12 Mar 1887).
famousamericans.net/jamesreadeckard/
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/w/h/i/whittle_dw.htm
1863 Ditlef G. Ristad, at Overhallen, Norway, hymnist, (d. 20 September 1938). He attended the Klaebu Normal School and became a teacher at the Namsos Middle School in Norway. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1887 and attended Luther Seminary (Saint Paul, Minnesota) and Chicago University. He held pastorates at Edgerton, East Koshkonong, Rockdale and Manitowoc, Wisconsin. From 1901 to 1919 he served successively as president of Albion Academy, Park Region Luther College and the Lutheran Ladies’ Seminary (Red Wing, Minnesota). In 1897 he edited the Lutheran Sunday-school Hymnal and served on the committee for the Lutheran Hymnary and the Lutheran Hymnary Junior. In 1922 he published a volume of poems in the Norwegian language. [The Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal, comp. W. G. Polack (Saint Louis: CPH, 1942): 568]
1867 Christian James Broders, in New Orleans, military chaplain during the Spanish-American War and missionary to Brazil, Louisiana (d. 27 Nov 1932).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=B&word=BRODERS.CHRISTIANJAMES
1877 Abbe Livingston Warnshuis, in Clymer, New York, Reformed Church in America missionary at Amoy, China, (d. 17 Mar 1958).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=w&word=WARNSHUIS.ABBELIVINGSTON
1893 Harley J. Earl (d 1969) first Vice President of Design at General Motors. He was an industrial designer and a pioneer of modern transportation design. A coachbuilder by trade, Earl pioneered the use of freeform sketching and hand sculpted clay models as design techniques. He subsequently introduced the “concept car” as both a tool for the design process and a clever marketing device. Earl's Buick Y-Job was the first concept car, he started "Project Opel", which eventually became the Chevrolet Corvette, and he authorized the introduction of the tail-fin to automotive styling. During World War II, he was an active contributor to the research of camouflage.
1912 Doris Duke (d 1993) American heiress, horticulturalist, art collector, and philanthropist.
1921 Rodney Dangerfield (d 2004), born Jacob Cohen, American comedian, and actor, known for the catchphrases "I don't get no respect" or "I get no respect, I tell ya" and his monologues on that theme. He is also famous for his 1980s film roles, notably in Easy Money, Caddyshack and Back To School.
1924 Geraldine Sue Page (d 1987) American actress. (Interiors, Trip to Bountiful)
1930 Owen Kay Garriott, Ph.D., former NASA astronaut who spent 60 days aboard Skylab in 1973 and 10 days aboard Spacelab-1 in 1983. He is also the father of Robert Garriott and fellow spacefarer Richard Garriott, with whom he helped found Origin Systems.
1938 Henry C. Lee, Chinese-born American criminologist
1941 Terry LaVerne Stafford (d 1996), American singer and songwriter, best known for his 1964 U.S. Top 10 hit, "Suspicion", and the 1973 country music hit, "Amarillo by Morning".
1942 Guion “Guy” Bluford, Jr. engineer, retired Colonel from the United States Air Force and a former NASA Astronaut. He participated in four Space Shuttle flights between 1983 and 1992. In 1983, as a member of the crew of the space shuttle Challenger on mission STS-8, Bluford became the first African American in space, and the second person of African ancestry, after the Cuban cosmonaut Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez.
1943 Billie Jean King née Moffitt in Long Beach, California, former professional tennis player from the United States. She won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, 16 Grand Slam women's doubles titles, and 11 Grand Slam mixed doubles titles. King has been an advocate against sexism in sports and society. She is known for "The Battle of the Sexes" in 1973, in which she defeated Bobby Riggs, a former Wimbledon men's singles champion.
Deaths
1825 "Mad" Anne Bailey (b 1742) famous story teller and frontier scout who served in the fights of the American Revolutionary War and Northwest Indian War. Her single person ride in search of an urgently needed powder supply for the endangered Clendenin's Settlement (present-day Charleston, West Virginia) was used as the template for Charles Robb's 1861 poem Anne Bailey's Ride. She is known as the Heroine of the Kanawha Valley.
1886 William Bliss Baker (b 1859) American artist born in New York City who was just beginning to hit his stride as a landscape painter in the Realism movement when he died at his father's house at Hoosick Falls, New York at about the age of 27 due to a back injury received while ice skating several months earlier.
1896 George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. (b 1859) American engineer. He is most famous for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.
1943 Lorenz "Larry" Hart (b 1895) lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team Rodgers and Hart. Some of his more famous lyrics include, "Blue Moon", "Isn't It Romantic?", "Mountain Greenery", "The Lady Is a Tramp", "Manhattan", "Where or When", "Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered", "Falling in Love with Love", "I'll Tell The Man In The Street" and "My Funny Valentine".
1963 John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (b 1917), often referred to by his initials JFK, 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963.
1963 J. D. Tippit (b 1924) police officer with the Dallas Police Department who, according to multiple government investigations including the Warren Commission, was shot and killed by Lee Harvey Oswald after Tippit stopped Oswald following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Oswald's initial arrest was for Tippit's murder, not Kennedy's.
Lewis was a close friend of J. R. R. Tolkien, and both authors were leading figures in the English faculty at Oxford University and in the informal Oxford literary group known as the "Inklings". According to his memoir Surprised by Joy, Lewis had been baptised in the Church of Ireland at birth, but fell away from his faith during his adolescence. Owing to the influence of Tolkien and other friends, at the age of 32 Lewis returned to Christianity, becoming "a very ordinary layman of the Church of England". His conversion had a profound effect on his work, and his wartime radio broadcasts on the subject of Christianity brought him wide acclaim.
1986 William Bradford "Bill" Huie (b 1910) American journalist, editor, publisher, television interviewer, screenwriter, lecturer, and novelist.
2001 Mary Kay Ash (b 1918) American businesswoman and founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics, Inc.
Christian Feast Day:
Cecilia
Earliest day on which Thanksgiving Day can fall, while November 28 is the latest; celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. (United States)
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