Post by farmgal on Oct 31, 2012 23:48:17 GMT -5
All Hallows Day, also known as All Saints Day among Roman Catholics, commemorating those who have no special feast day
November 01 is the 306th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 60 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days left until November 06, 2012: 6
Countdown until Obama leaves Office
www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
451 The Council of Chalcedon (in modern Turkey) adjourned. Pope Leo I (400–461) convened the first session the previous month. During the seventeen sessions, the six hundred bishops involved condemned monophysitism, an ancient heresy that denied the full humanity of Christ by teaching that the incarnate Son of God possessed only one nature: the divine.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon
1512 Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo (1475–1564) unveiled his 5,808-square-foot masterpiece on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling
1520 The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America, connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first navigated by Ferdinand Magellan during his global circumnavigation voyage.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan
1683 The British crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York#17th_century
1755 Lisbon earthquake: In Portugal, Lisbon is destroyed by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between sixty thousand and ninety thousand people.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake
1765 Stamp Act went into effect in the British colonies. To help cover the cost of maintaining troops in the colonies, Parliament levied a tax on legal and commercial documents as well as printed material such as newspapers and pamphlets, all of which had to carry a special stamp. The act took effect in November 1765. Americans, who did not elect members of Parliament, opposed the act not only because of their inability to pay the tax, but also because it violated the newly enunciated principle of "No taxation without representation." This measure aroused the grievances of the colonists, and their concerted action in response paved the way for the American Revolution.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765
1776 Mission San Juan Capistrano was founded in California. An Indian attack had killed one of the padres at San Diego and caused the founding of Mission San Juan Capistrano to be delayed a full year, until November 1, 1776. The next year a long narrow adobe church was finished. In 1791 a bell tower was completed, and the heavy bells, which had been hanging from a tree all those years, were installed.Each year, the swallows of Capistrano leave their nests there around St. John's Day (October 23) and return the following year near St. Joseph's Day (March 19).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Juan_Capistrano
1781 The first state medical society, the Massachusetts Medical Society, was incorporated in Boston. It was chartered by the state, with a document signed by Samuel Adams as the president of the state Senate, and by John Hancock, the governor. The organization's membership was limited to 70 Fellows. Although an earlier medical society was founded in Boston prior to 1735, it was local in nature, somewhat ineffective, and short-lived as it ceased in 1741. It was not until 5 May 1847 that a permanent national medical society was formed with the organization of the American Medical Association.
1787 Richard Allen, William White and Absalom Jones withdrew from Saint George's Church in Philadelphia to begin a "colored" church because of attempted racial segregation. This resulted in the formation of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in 1816.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church
1790 Edmund Burke publishes Reflections on the Revolution in France, in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Burke
1792 The first General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in American convened in Baltimore, Maryland.
1800 First President to live in the white house (John Adams) Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved in.
1802 Delegates meet at Chillicothe, Ohio to form a state constitutional convention.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio#History
1848 The Boston Female Medical School, first medical school in the world exclusively for women opened its doors to 12 students. Founded by Samuel Gregory, who disapproved of male doctors attending childbirth, its early curriculum focused on midwifery. In 1850, renamed the New England Female Medical College, this was expanded to include a full medical curriculum, and the college began to grant medical degrees to women. By 1873, the college had graduated 98 women doctors, including Rebecca Lee, MD, the first African-American female physician. Shortly after Geregory's death, it merged with Boston University School of Medicine, becoming one of the first coed medical colleges in the world.
1859 The current Cape Lookout, North Carolina, lighthouse is lit for the first time. Its first-order Fresnel lens can be seen for about 19 miles (30 kilometers), in good conditions.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Lookout_Lighthouse
1861 A hurricane near Cape Hatteras, NC, battered a Union fleet of ships attacking Carolina ports, and produced high tides and high winds in New York State and New England. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861_Atlantic_hurricane_season
1861 President Lincoln names George Brinton McClellan general in chief of the Union armies, replacing the aged and infirm Winfield Scott. In just six months, McClellan had gone from commander of the Ohio volunteers to the head of the Union army.
McClellan's prewar career presaged his meteoric rise to the ranking Union general in the first year of the war. The Pennsylvania native graduated from West Point second in his class in 1846. He served with distinction under General Winfield Scott in the Mexican-American War. McClellan left his successful military career in 1857 for an engineering position with the Illinois Central Railroad, and by the time the war broke out in 1861, he was president of the St. Louis, Missouri, and Cincinnati Railroad. He resigned to accept command of the Ohio volunteers with the rank of major general. During the summer of 1861, McClellan led Union troops in a series of small battles in western Virginia that resulted in Federal control of the strategic region, and he earned a national reputation-though it is debatable just how much McClellan contributed to the achievements; in several cases, decisions by his subordinates were the main reason for the success.
Nonetheless, he provided Northern victories when they were in scarce supply. On July 16, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution recognizing his accomplishments in Virginia. Just five days later, the main Union force, commanded by General Irwin McDowell, suffered an ignominious defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run. In the aftermath of the debacle, many turned to McClellan to save the war effort. McClellan arrived in Washington on July 26 to take command of the disorganized and demoralized Army of the Potomac. He quickly began to build a magnificent fighting force, establishing a rigorous training procedure and an efficient command structure. He also demonstrated brashness, pomposity, and arrogance toward many of the nation's political leaders. He loudly complained about Scott, and he treated the president with utter contempt.
Still, he was the only real choice to replace Scott. No other Union general had achieved much of anything to that point in the war. After alienating much of the administration by early 1862, McClellan moved the Army of the Potomac to the James Peninsula for an attack on Richmond. As a field commander, he proved to be sluggish and timid, and he retreated from the outskirts of the Confederate capital when faced with a series of attacks by General Robert E. Lee during the Seven Days' battles in June. In July, Henry W. Halleck was named general in chief, and much of McClellan's Army of the Potomac was transferred to General John Pope's Army of Virginia. After Pope was defeated at Second Bull Run in August, much of McClellan's command was restored to him. Lee invaded Maryland, and McClellan defeated him at the Battle of Antietam in September. Despite this victory, his refusal to pursue the retreating Confederates led to his permanent removal in November 1862. In 1864, he challenged Lincoln for the presidency as the Democratic nominee but lost decisively.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Brinton_McClellan
1862 “Hark! The Sound of Holy Voices” was written for use on All Saints Day.
www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/h/s/o/hsoundhv.htm
1864 Money orders were sold by the U.S. Post Office as a safe way to make payments by mail. The Act of May 17, 1864 authorized Post Offices to Issue Money Orders in amounts of up to $30. This service was implemented over time, only 141 Post Offices had provided the Money Order Business, "MOB", by November of that year.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_orders
1870 US Weather Bureau begins operations (24 locations). The Army Surgeon General began a coordinated attempt to obtain weather observations from Army posts as early as 1814, followed by a national network of observers reporting telegraphically to the Smithsonian in the late 1840's and 1850's, and then the establishment of a true National weather observation network under the Army Signal Corps in 1870. The first weather report was sent on the morning of November 1, 1870. Nashville was one of twenty-four newly established locations to take and transmit weather observations via telegraph. The office had a wind vane, anemometer, and rain gage well exposed on the roof of the building.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Weather_Service
1873 Joseph F. Glidden began manufacturing his new invention of barbed wire, having filed for a patent a few days before, on 27 Oct 1873 which was issued on 24 Nov 1874. The barbs were cut from sheet metal and were inserted between two wires which were twisted considerably more than with today's common design. This product would transform the West. Before this innovation, settlers on the treeless plains had no easy way to fence livestock away from cropland, and ranchers had no way to prevent their herds from roaming far and wide. Glidden’s barbed wire opened the plains to large-scale farming, and closed the open range, bringing the era of the cowboy and the round-up to an end.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_F._Glidden
1879 Edison patented his electric lamp.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_lamp
1879 The world's first all-steel railroad bridge was placed in service over the Missouri River at Glasgow, Missouri, built for the Chicago & Alton railroad by Gen. William Sooy Smith (1830-1916). It was a 2,700-ft five-span Whipple through truss. Construction began only the year before, with the contract for steel dated 12 Oct 1878. Although a milestone accomplishment, it has been overshadowed by other bridges of its time: the Eads Bridge across the Mississippi at St. Louis (1874) and the Brooklyn Bridge in New York (1883). By the 1890's nearly all new bridges were all-steel. The Glasgow bridge was replaced for heavier traffic by a new bridge in 1900 reusing some of the substructure, but with Parker truss spans.
1884 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was adopted universally at a meeting of the International Meridian Conference in Washington, DC, USA. From then the International Date Line was drawn up and 24 time zones created.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time
1892 The Apache Lutheran Mission of the Wisconsin Synod opened.
1896 A picture showing the unclad (bare) breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic Magazine for the first time.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)
1897 – The first Library of Congress building opened its doors to the public. The Library had been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress
1901 Dr. J.E. Gillman announced an X-ray treatment for breast cancer.
1905 The Terry Lectureship was established at Yale University by a gift from Dwight H. Terry for lectures on religion in the light of science and philosophy.
1910 First issue of "The Crisis" published by editor W E B Du Bois. "The Crisis" was an American monthly magazine published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was founded in 1910 and, for its first 24 years, edited by W.E.B. Du Bois; by the end of its first decade it had achieved a monthly circulation of 100,000 copies.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crisis
1913 Notre Dame upsets Army 35-13, first to use forward pass effectively. When Notre Dame defeated Army 35-13 on Nov. 1, 1913, however, head coach Jesse Harper showcased a deep passing attack and All-American quarterback Gus Dorais. Dorais orchestrated a passing attack that kept the Army defense on its heels and prevented the Cadets from crowding the line. Dorais finished the day 12-14 for 243 yards with two touchdown passes and only one interception.
1914 The Battle of Coronel. In a crushing victory, a German naval squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee sinks two British armored cruisers with all aboard off the southern coast of Chile on November 1, 1914, in the Battle of Coronel.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Coronel
World War I broke out on the European continent in August 1914; within months, it had spread by sea across the globe to South America. Previously stationed in the western Pacific, near China, Spee's small East Asia Squadron made the two-month journey to Chile after Japan entered the war on August 22 and it was determined that the Germans could not stand up to the Japanese navy in the region. Neutral Chile, with its sizeable population of German immigrants and its ready supply of coal, would be a safer base from which to launch attacks against British shipping interests.
After eluding a large number of Japanese, British and Australian ships on its way, Spee's ships encountered a British squadron commanded by Sir Christopher Cradock in the late afternoon of November 1, 1914. The Germans, with their newer, lighter ships, took quick advantage, opening fire at 7 pm. Cradock's flagship, the Good Hope, was hit before its crew could return fire; it sank within half an hour. The Monmouth followed two hours later, after attempting to withdraw and being sunk by the light cruiser Nurnberg. No fewer than 1,600 British sailors, including Cradock himself, perished along with the two ships; it was the Royal Navy's worst defeat in more than a century.
The quicker British ship Glasgow escaped the fray and fled south to warn another of Cradock's ships, the Canopus, stationed in the Falkland Islands, of Spee's proximity. In response, the British dispatched two battle cruisers, Inflexible and Invincible, from its Battle Cruiser Squadron in the North Sea. The two ships, commanded by Sir Doveton Sturdee, reached the Falklands on December 7; the following day they exacted their revenge on the aggressive Spee, sinking four German ships--including the Nurnberg and Spee's flagship Scharnhorst--with 2,100 crew members aboard. Among the dead were Spee and his two sons, Otto and Heinrich. By the end of 1914, the German cruiser threat to Britain's trade routes had been virtually eliminated; for the duration of the war, Germany's chief weapon at sea would be its deadly U-boat submarines.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Coronel
The famous yellow footprints
outside of the Receiving Building,
where thousands of prospective Marines
have gotten their first taste of military life
1915 Parris Island is officially designated a US Marine Corps Recruit Depot.
1918 97 die in NYC subway's worst accident. A dispatcher, filling in for striking motormen, loses control while entering the tunnel at Malbone Street (Empire Boulevard) and 97 are killed, with 200 injured. It was the worst accident in subway history.
www.nytimes.com/1991/08/29/nyregion/the-subway-crash-accident-has-eerie-echoes-of-1918-crash-that-killed-97.html
1920 American Fishing Schooner Esperanto defeats the Canadian Fishing Schooner Delawana in the First International Fishing Schooner Championship Races in Halifax.
sites.google.com/site/schooneresperanto/home/capt-marty-welch
1923 Goodyear bought the rights to manufacture Zeppelin dirigibles.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company
1924 First US NHL franchise, Boston Bruins debut. On November 1st the Boston Bruins made their debut as the first American team in the NHL defeating the Montreal Maroons at home 2-1. However, success would not be common for the first year Bruins as they lost their next 11 games on the way to finishing in last place with a 6-24 record.
1924 William Tilghman is murdered by a corrupt prohibition agent who resented Tilghman's refusal to ignore local bootlegging operations. Tilghman, one of the famous marshals who brought law and order to the Wild West, was 71 years old.
Known to both friends and enemies as "Uncle Billy," Tilghman was one of the most honest and effective lawmen of his day. Born in Fort Dodge, Iowa, in 1854, Tilghman moved west when he was only 16 years old. Once there, he flirted with a life of crime after falling in with a crowd of disreputable young men who stole horses from Indians. After several narrow escapes with angry Indians, Tilghman decided that rustling was too dangerous and settled in Dodge City, Kansas, where he briefly served as a deputy marshal before opening a saloon. He was arrested twice for alleged train robbery and rustling, but the charges did not stick.
Despite this shaky start, Tilghman gradually built a reputation as an honest and respectable young man in Dodge City. He became the deputy sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, and later, the marshal of Dodge City. Tilghman was one of the first men into the territory when Oklahoma opened to settlement in 1889, and he became a deputy U.S. marshal for the region in 1891. In the late 19th century, lawlessness still plagued Oklahoma, and Tilghman helped restore order by capturing some of the most notorious bandits of the day.
Over the years, Tilghman earned a well-deserved reputation for treating even the worst criminals fairly and protecting the rights of the unjustly accused. Any man in Tilghman's custody knew he was safe from angry vigilante mobs, because Tilghman had little tolerance for those who took the law into their own hands. In 1898, a wild mob lynched two young Indians who were falsely accused of raping and murdering a white woman. Tilghman arrested and secured prison terms for eight of the mob leaders and captured the real rapist-murderer.
In 1924, after serving a term as an Oklahoma state legislator, making a movie about his frontier days, and serving as the police chief of Oklahoma City, Tilghman might well have been expected to quietly retire. However, the old lawman was unable to hang up his gun, and he accepted a job as city marshal in Cromwell, Oklahoma. Tilghman was shot and killed while trying to arrest a drunken Prohibition agent.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tilghman
1928 The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, replacing the version of the Arabic alphabet previously used, comes into force in Turkey.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet
1938 Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an up set victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
1928 Graf Zeppelin sets airship distance record of 6384 km. The second oldest unbroken world record performance is still held by the famous airship LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin. The flight started on October 29th, 1928, at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station (NJ) and ended at Friedrichshafen (Germany) on November 1st. Dr Hugo Ezckener was at the controls of the airship and, together with his 41 crew members, 24 passengers and one stowaway (!), he covered a total distance of 6,384 km.
1930 Detroit-Windsor Tunnel is dedicated. On this day in 1930, President Herbert Hoover turns a telegraphic "golden key" in the White House to mark the opening of the 5,160-foot-long Detroit-Windsor Tunnel between the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan, and the Canadian city of Windsor, Ontario. The tunnel opened to regular traffic on November 3. The first passenger car it carried was a 1929 Studebaker.
Since the beginning of the 19th century, Detroiters and Windsorians had been trying to find a way to move people and goods back and forth across the Detroit River. For decades, railroad interests proposed tunnels and bridges galore, but powerful advocates of marine shipping always managed to block those projects: They did not want to lose business to faster and more capacious trains. (Plans for bridges were particularly troubling to those shippers, since just one low-hanging over-the-water crossing had the potential to keep high-masted sailing vessels off the river altogether.)
In 1871, the region's railroads finally won permission to build a trans-national tunnel, and workers began to dig into the river at the foot of Detroit's San Antoine Street; however, they were forced to abandon the project just 135 feet under the river when they struck a pocket of sulfurous gas that made workers so ill that none could be persuaded to return. Likewise, in 1879, another tunnel had to be abandoned when it ran right into some unexpectedly difficult to excavate limestone under the river. The first successful Michigan-to-Canada tunnel project finally opened in 1891: the 6,000-foot-long Grand Trunk Railway Tunnel at Port Huron.
Soon enough, it was clear to most people on both sides of the border that they needed to build some sort of structure for transporting automobiles across the river. In June 1919, the mayors of Detroit and Windsor decided to build a city-to-city tunnel that would serve as a memorial to the American and Canadian soldiers who had died in World War I. Even after advocates of the under-construction Ambassador Bridge tried to frighten away the tunnel's backers, spreading rumors about the danger of subterranean carbon monoxide poisoning, tunnel boosters were undeterred. (They were, one said, "inspired by God to have this tunnel built.")
Construction began in 1928. First, barges dredged a 2,454-foot-long trench across the river; next, workers sank nine 8,000-ton steel-and-concrete tubes into the trench and welded them together. An elaborate ventilation system kept the air in the tunnel safe to breathe.
In the first nine weeks it was open, nearly 200,000 cars passed through the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. Today, about 9 million vehicles use the tunnel each year.
1932 The year he received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering, Wernher von Braun was named head of the German liquid-fuel rocket program. He signed a contract with the Reichswehr to conduct research leading to the development of rockets as military weapons. By 1934, he was building rockets along with artillery captain Walter Dornberger and a team of 80 engineers. In Dec 1934, he had his first successes with an A2 rocket powered by ethanol and liquid oxygen. When the research team outgrew their facility outside Berlin, a larger one was built at Peenemunde, a remote island off the Baltic coast.
1939 A rabbit conceived by artificial impregnation, was the first such animal in the U.S. to be displayed. The event was the 12th Annual Graduate Fortnight at the New York Academy of Medicine. Dr. Gregory Pincus, an American biologist, had removed an egg from the ovary of a female rabbit and fertilized it with a salt solution. The egg was then transferred to the uterus of a second rabbit, which functioned an "incubator." The young rabbit was born in Oct 1939. Dr. Pincus, of Clark University conducted his experiments at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. In the same year, Pincus and colleagues were the first to show how oocytes of various animals would undergo maturation if released from their follicle and cultured in vitro.
1941 American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
1941 FDR puts Coast Guard under control of the Navy. On this day in 1941, President Roosevelt announces that the U.S. Coast Guard will now be under the direction of the U.S. Navy, a transition of authority usually reserved only for wartime.
The Coast Guard was established as the Revenue Marine Service by Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the treasury, in 1790. In 1915, the U.S. Lifesaving Service, formed in 1878, and the RMS combined to become the Coast Guard. During peacetime, the Guard was under the direction of the Department of Treasury until 1967, when the Department of Transportation took control. But during war, it was under the control of the U.S. Navy. What made FDR's November 1 announcement significant was that the United States was not yet at war—but more and more American ships were nevertheless becoming casualties of the European war.
The Coast Guard's mission is to enforce all laws applicable to the waters within U.S. territory, including laws and regulations promoting personal safety and protection of property. It provides support and aid to all vessels within U.S. territorial waters. It is charged with inspecting sailing vessels and their equipment for violations of safety regulations, as well as lighthouses, buoys, navigation equipment, and radio beacons. The Guard operates and maintains a network of lifeboat and search-and-rescue stations, which also employs aircraft.
The Guard's wartime duties include escorting ships, providing port security, and inspecting ships for everything from illegal drugs to munitions. They also have powers of interdiction—the right to stop, board, and inspect any vessel suspected of threatening U.S. security. In fact, Coast Guard ranks are analogous to those of the U.S. Navy; even the uniforms are similar. The Guard is headed by an admiral appointed by the president. Women have served in the Guard since 1973.
1942 Matanikau Offensive begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on November 4.
1943 World War II: Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, United States Marines, the 3rd Marine Division, land on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands.
1943 World War II: In support of the landings on Bougainville, U.S. aircraft carrier forces attack the huge Japanese base at Rabaul.
1944 World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren in the Netherlands.
1946 The New York Knicks played against the Toronto Huskies at the Maple Leaf Gardens, in the first Basketball Association of America game. The Knicks would win 68-66.
1947 Eddy Arnold's "I’ll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms)" hit #1.
1950 Puerto Rican nationalists try to kill President Truman at the Blair House. Collazo and Torresola planned to approach the house from opposite directions and shoot their way inside. In the ensuing gun battle, Collazo and Torresola traded gunfire with White House policemen and secret service agents. They wounded three White House policemen but never reached the interior of the house. President Truman was taking a nap upstairs in Blair House when the shooting began. He rushed to a window and saw Collazo below on the front steps. A White House guard saw the President in the window and shouted to him to him to get down. The President obeyed. The Truman family stayed in the Blair House during renovation of the White House from 1948 to 1952.
1950 Pope Pius XII claims Papal Infallibility when he formally defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feast_of_the_Assumption_of_Mary
1951 First atomic explosion witnessed by troops, was at Yucca Flat, Nevada. Members of the 1st Battalion, 188th Airborne Infantry Regiment from Ft. Campbell, Kentucky, were the first unwitting test participants to be sent to that facility by the Atomic Energy Commission and The Department of Defense in a series of nuclear tests, code named "Buster-Jangle."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Buster-Jangle
1952 Operation Ivy: In the first United States test of a thermonuclear device, a hydrogen bomb dubbed "Mike," was exploded at Eniwetok Atholl in the Pacific, 3,000 miles west of Hawaii. It exploded with a blinding white fireball more than three miles across, completely obliterating Elugelab, leaving an underwater crater a 6240-ft wide and 164-ft deep in the atoll where an island had once been. Eighty million tons of soil were lifted into the air by the blast. The yield was several million tons of TNT, a force a thousand times more powerful than the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, a blast greater than all the explosives used during World War II. The "mushroom" cloud rose to top out in 5 mins at 135,000 ft (the top of the stratosphere) and eventually spread to 1000 miles wide.
1955 United Airlines Flight 629, registration N37559, was a Douglas DC-6B aircraft, named "Mainliner Denver," which was blown up with a dynamite bomb placed in the checked luggage. The explosion occurred over Longmont, Colorado while the airplane was en route from Denver, Colorado to Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, on November 1, 1955. All 39 passengers and five crew members on board were killed in the explosion and crash.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_629
1957 The Mackinac Straits Bridge opened to traffic. The bridge opened on November 1, 1957, and a year later was formally dedicated as "the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages". This designation was chosen because the bridge would not be the world's largest using the customary way of measuring suspension bridges, the length of the center span between the towers that title already belonged to the Golden Gate Bridge, which has a longer center span.
1958 "It's All In The Game" by Tommy Edwards topped the charts. "It's All In The Game" was the [/b]only #1 hit ever written by a US Vice President. It was composed in 1912 as "Melody in A Major" by then-banker Charles Gates Dawes, who became VP under Calvin Coolidge in 1925. The lyrics were added in 1951 by Carl Sigman, who also changed the song's name to "It's All in the Game."
1959 First NHL goalie to wear a hockey mask (Jacques Plante) Plante used to wear the mask during practice, but in a game against the New York Rangers in 1959 he tripped Andy Bathgate, who retaliated by deliberately shooting a puck at Plante's face. He was badly cut and broke his cheekbone, but Plante returned to the game and made history by playing with a face mask.
1960 While campaigning for President of the United States, John F. Kennedy announces his idea of the Peace Corps.
1961 50,000 women in 60 cities participate in the inaugural Women Strike for Peace (WSP) against nuclear proliferation.
1963 The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
1964 One year after the overthrow and assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem, the situation in South Vietnam is deteriorating in both the military and political spheres.
Following two months of extreme political turmoil, the High National Council confirmed the appointment of Tran Van Huong as South Vietnam's premier. Though he promised to wage total war against the communists while separating religion and politics, he proved to be only the latest in a line of ineffectual leaders that attempted to fill the void left by Diem's death.
The military situation was no better. On this date, Viet Cong raiders infiltrated the U.S. air base at Bien Hoa, 12 miles north of Saigon, and launched a heavy mortar attack that caught the U.S. and South Vietnamese off guard. Before the Viet Cong withdrew, they killed five U.S. servicemen and two South Vietnamese soldiers, wounded 76, destroyed two B-57 bombers, and damaged another 20 U.S. and South Vietnamese aircraft. A lengthy search of the area around Bien Hoa failed to locate any of the Viet Cong. Word of the attack reached Washington early in the morning, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff called for "a prompt and strong response" against North Vietnam. Ambassador Maxwell Taylor called for a more limited response, but also advocated bombing in retaliation. President Lyndon Johnson, concerned with the presidential election that was only 48 hours away, decided to do nothing except order the immediate replacement of destroyed and damaged planes.
1964 George Blanda of Houston throws NFL-record 37 passes in 68 attempts. Blanda led the AFL in passing yardage with 3,330 and touchdown passes with 36 in 1961; in completions with 224 and yardage with 3,003 in 1963; completions with 262 in 1964 and 186 in 1965. The Oilers won the first two AFC championships and Blanda was named the league's player of the year in 1961. From 1963-1965, Blanda led the AFL in passing attempts and completions, and ranked in the top ten for attempts, completions, yards and touchdowns during seven consecutive seasons.
1966 Santa Anna winds fanned fires, and brought record November heat to parts of coastal California. November records included 86 degrees at San Francisco, 97 degrees at San Diego, and 101 degrees at the International airport in Los Angeles. Fires claimed the lives of at least sixteen firefighters. (The Weather Channel)
1967 Newman stars in Cool Hand Luke. On this day in 1967, Cool Hand Luke, starring Paul Newman as a tough, anti-authoritarian, poker-playing prisoner, debuts in theaters. Newman received a Best Actor Oscar nomination for his portrayal of the jail-breaking Luke Jackson, whom the American Film Institute in 2003 named one of the top 50 greatest movie heroes in history. For his role as the chain-gang boss, Dragline, co-star George Jackson collected a Best Supporting Actor Oscar. Directed by Stuart Rosenberg (Voyage of the Damned, The Amityville Horror, The Pope of Greenwich Village), Cool Hand Luke contained the now-famous lines: “What we have here is a failure to communicate” and “I don’t care if it rains or freezes, long as I have my plastic Jesus, right here on the dashboard of my car…”
At the time of Cool Hand Luke’s debut, Paul Newman was already on the path to becoming one of Hollywood’s greatest leading men. The actor, who was born January 26, 1925, in Cleveland and raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio, served in the U.S. Navy during World War II and later graduated from Kenyon College. He acted on Broadway in the early 1950s and made his big-screen debut in 1954’s The Silver Chalice. Newman received his first Best Actor Oscar nomination for his performance as Brick Pollitt in 1958’s Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, based on the Tennessee Williams play and co-starring Elizabeth Taylor. Newman’s next two Best Actor Oscar nominations came for The Hustler (1961) and Hud (1963).
In 1969, the famously blue-eyed actor teamed up with Robert Redford to play a pair of Old West bank robbers in the hit Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, which earned seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. The two handsome screen icons collaborated again in 1973’s The Sting, which collected seven Oscars, including Best Picture. Newman went on to star in such movies as Absence of Malice (1981) and The Verdict (1982), both of which earned him Best Actor Oscar nominations, and The Color of Money (1986), for which he took home his first Best Actor Oscar. In the film, directed by Martin Scorsese, Newman plays Fast Eddie Felson, a pool hustler who finds a protege in a young player portrayed by Tom Cruise. In the later years of his acting career, Newman also received Oscar nominations for his performances in Nobody’s Fool (1994) and Road to Perdition (2002), with Tom Hanks.
Newman, who outside of acting was known for his avid interest in race-car driving and his Newman’s Own line of foods (the profits of which go to charity), also stepped behind the camera to direct such movies as Rachel, Rachel (1968), which starred his second wife, Joanne Woodward (the couple married in 1958 and starred in 10 movies together) and earned a Best Picture Oscar nomination, and The Glass Menagerie (1987), which featured Woodward and John Malkovich. Paul Newman died at his home in Westport, Connecticut, on September 26, 2008, at the age of 83.
1966 "Apple Jacks" cereal was trademark registered. Originally, all Apple Jacks cereal pieces were orange and O-shaped, although they have become increasingly brighter and more orange colored over the decades. In the mid-1990s, O-shaped green pieces were introduced. On December 8, 2003, as part of a marketing promotion, the orange jacks remained O's but the green jacks turned into X's. The first Apple Jacks mascot in the early 1960s was "Apple Head", a figure made from cutting a face onto a real apple and applying a hat and pieces of cereal for eyes. In the late 1960s the box depicted an "Apple Car" with pieces of cereal for wheels.
1966 NFL awards New Orleans its 16th franchise (All Saints Day)
1966 William Dana in X-15 reaches 58 miles. Dana completed a total of 16 research missions in the X-15, including its 199th and final flight on October 24, 1968. During those flights, he recorded a top speed of Mach 5.53 (3,856 mph). He also became one of only three pilots to fly the X-15 to an altitude in excess of 300,000 feet, as he qualified for astronaut's wings by piloting the craft to 306,900 feet (more than 58 miles) on November 1, 1966. He completed a subsequent flight, on Aug. 21, 1968, which exceeded the 50-mile threshold defined by the U.S. Air Force as the boundary between the atmosphere and space.
1968 A tornado touched down west of Winslow, AZ, but did little damage in an uninhabited area. (The Weather Channel)
1968 The current movie rating system of G, M, R, X followed by PG-13 and now NC-17, went into effect.
1968 The U.S. mission in Saigon initiates two operations designed to bolster rural security and development efforts.
The Le Loi program was an intensified civic action campaign intended to repair the damage done by the enemy's offensives earlier in the year and to return control of the rural population to the Saigon government.
The other operation was the Phuong Hoang (Phoenix) program, a hamlet security initiative run by the Central Intelligence Agency that relied on centralized, computerized intelligence gathering to identify and eliminate the Viet Cong infrastructure--the upper echelon of the National Liberation Front political cadres and party members. This program became one of the most controversial operations undertaken by U.S. personnel in South Vietnam.
Critics charged that American-led South Vietnamese "hit teams" indiscriminately arrested and murdered many communist suspects on flimsy pretexts. Despite these charges, the program was acknowledged by top-level U.S. government officials, as well as Viet Cong and North Vietnamese leaders after the war, to have been very effective in reducing the power of the local communist cadres in the South Vietnamese countryside.
According to available sources, from 1968 to 1972, the Phoenix program resulted in the capture of 34,000 Viet Cong political cadre, while an additional 26,000 were killed. The program also convinced 22,000 communists to change their loyalties and support the South Vietnamese government.
1969 Beatles' "Abbey Road," album goes #1 & stays #1 for 11 weeks. The Beatles album to be recorded (although Let It Be was the last to be released), Abbey Road was a fitting swan song for the group. George Harrison also blossomed into a major songwriter, contributing the buoyant "Here Comes the Sun" and the supremely melodic ballad "Something," the latter of which became the first Harrison-penned Beatles hit.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Road
1971 Eisenhower dollar put into circulation. The Eisenhower Dollar was minted from 1971 to 1978. The obverse honors President Dwight D. Eisenhower, while the reverse pays tribute to the first moon landing depicting the official Apollo 11 insignia. The design was the work of Chief Engraver Frank Gasparro.
1973 Watergate Scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
1977 2060 Chiron planetoid in the outer Solar System. Discovered in 1977 by Charles T. Kowal (precovery images have been found as far back as 1895), it was the first known member of a new class of objects now known as centaurs, with an orbit between Saturn and Uranus.
1981 First Class Mail raised from 18 to 20¢
1986 "True Colors" by Cyndi Lauper topped the charts.
1987 Early morning thunderstorms in central Arizona produced hail an inch in diameter at Williams and Gila Bend, and drenched Payson with 1.86 inches of rain. Hannagan Meadows AZ, meanwhile, was blanketed with three inches of snow. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the Ohio Valley. Afternoon highs of 76 degrees at Beckley WV, 77 degrees at Bluefield WV, and 83 degrees at Lexington KY were records for the month of November. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
1987 NY Jets retire Don Maynards #13. Maynard's biggest game was the AFL championship playoff against the Oakland Raiders in 1968, when he caught 6 passes for 118 yards and two touchdowns in a 27-23 victory. The Jets won on to become the first AFL team to win the Super Bowl.
1988 Low pressure brought gales and locally heavy rain to the northeastern U.S. The rainfall total of 1.46 inches at Newark NJ was a record for the date. New York City was soaked with more than two inches of rain. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 East Germany reopened its border with Czechoslovakia, prompting tens of thousands of refugees to flee to the West
1989 A strong cold front ushered snow and arctic air into the north central U.S. Snow whitened North Dakota and the Central High Plains Region. Up to five inches of snow blanketed Denver CO. Yellowstone Park WY was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of 4 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1994 The Chicago Bulls retired Michael Jordan’s uniform (No. 23) and put it on display at the United Center. Stating that he had lost his desire to play professional basketball, Jordan announced his retirement prior to the 1993-1994 season. Initially noted for his scoring, his tenacious defensive play had made him one of the greatest all-around basketball players in NBA history. He had also become a worldwide celebrity due to his success in the NBA and the Olympics, and his numerous commercial endorsements.
1998 Steve Young and Jerry Rice connected for their 80th career touchdown - NFL record
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www.todayinsci.com/11/11_01.htm
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www.amug.org/~jpaul/nov01.html
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sistine-chapel-ceiling-opens-to-public
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_01
www.christianhistorytimeline.com/lives_events/birthday/index.php
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1101.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_1_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
November 01 is the 306th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 60 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days left until November 06, 2012: 6
Countdown until Obama leaves Office
www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
451 The Council of Chalcedon (in modern Turkey) adjourned. Pope Leo I (400–461) convened the first session the previous month. During the seventeen sessions, the six hundred bishops involved condemned monophysitism, an ancient heresy that denied the full humanity of Christ by teaching that the incarnate Son of God possessed only one nature: the divine.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon
1512 Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo (1475–1564) unveiled his 5,808-square-foot masterpiece on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistine_Chapel_ceiling
1520 The Strait of Magellan, the passage immediately south of mainland South America, connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans, is first navigated by Ferdinand Magellan during his global circumnavigation voyage.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan
1683 The British crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York#17th_century
1755 Lisbon earthquake: In Portugal, Lisbon is destroyed by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing between sixty thousand and ninety thousand people.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1755_Lisbon_earthquake
1765 Stamp Act went into effect in the British colonies. To help cover the cost of maintaining troops in the colonies, Parliament levied a tax on legal and commercial documents as well as printed material such as newspapers and pamphlets, all of which had to carry a special stamp. The act took effect in November 1765. Americans, who did not elect members of Parliament, opposed the act not only because of their inability to pay the tax, but also because it violated the newly enunciated principle of "No taxation without representation." This measure aroused the grievances of the colonists, and their concerted action in response paved the way for the American Revolution.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765
1776 Mission San Juan Capistrano was founded in California. An Indian attack had killed one of the padres at San Diego and caused the founding of Mission San Juan Capistrano to be delayed a full year, until November 1, 1776. The next year a long narrow adobe church was finished. In 1791 a bell tower was completed, and the heavy bells, which had been hanging from a tree all those years, were installed.Each year, the swallows of Capistrano leave their nests there around St. John's Day (October 23) and return the following year near St. Joseph's Day (March 19).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Juan_Capistrano
1781 The first state medical society, the Massachusetts Medical Society, was incorporated in Boston. It was chartered by the state, with a document signed by Samuel Adams as the president of the state Senate, and by John Hancock, the governor. The organization's membership was limited to 70 Fellows. Although an earlier medical society was founded in Boston prior to 1735, it was local in nature, somewhat ineffective, and short-lived as it ceased in 1741. It was not until 5 May 1847 that a permanent national medical society was formed with the organization of the American Medical Association.
1787 Richard Allen, William White and Absalom Jones withdrew from Saint George's Church in Philadelphia to begin a "colored" church because of attempted racial segregation. This resulted in the formation of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in 1816.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church
1790 Edmund Burke publishes Reflections on the Revolution in France, in which he predicts that the French Revolution will end in a disaster.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Burke
1792 The first General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in American convened in Baltimore, Maryland.
1800 First President to live in the white house (John Adams) Construction began when the first cornerstone was laid in October of 1792. Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved in.
1802 Delegates meet at Chillicothe, Ohio to form a state constitutional convention.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chillicothe,_Ohio#History
1848 The Boston Female Medical School, first medical school in the world exclusively for women opened its doors to 12 students. Founded by Samuel Gregory, who disapproved of male doctors attending childbirth, its early curriculum focused on midwifery. In 1850, renamed the New England Female Medical College, this was expanded to include a full medical curriculum, and the college began to grant medical degrees to women. By 1873, the college had graduated 98 women doctors, including Rebecca Lee, MD, the first African-American female physician. Shortly after Geregory's death, it merged with Boston University School of Medicine, becoming one of the first coed medical colleges in the world.
1859 The current Cape Lookout, North Carolina, lighthouse is lit for the first time. Its first-order Fresnel lens can be seen for about 19 miles (30 kilometers), in good conditions.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Lookout_Lighthouse
1861 A hurricane near Cape Hatteras, NC, battered a Union fleet of ships attacking Carolina ports, and produced high tides and high winds in New York State and New England. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1861_Atlantic_hurricane_season
1861 President Lincoln names George Brinton McClellan general in chief of the Union armies, replacing the aged and infirm Winfield Scott. In just six months, McClellan had gone from commander of the Ohio volunteers to the head of the Union army.
McClellan's prewar career presaged his meteoric rise to the ranking Union general in the first year of the war. The Pennsylvania native graduated from West Point second in his class in 1846. He served with distinction under General Winfield Scott in the Mexican-American War. McClellan left his successful military career in 1857 for an engineering position with the Illinois Central Railroad, and by the time the war broke out in 1861, he was president of the St. Louis, Missouri, and Cincinnati Railroad. He resigned to accept command of the Ohio volunteers with the rank of major general. During the summer of 1861, McClellan led Union troops in a series of small battles in western Virginia that resulted in Federal control of the strategic region, and he earned a national reputation-though it is debatable just how much McClellan contributed to the achievements; in several cases, decisions by his subordinates were the main reason for the success.
Nonetheless, he provided Northern victories when they were in scarce supply. On July 16, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a resolution recognizing his accomplishments in Virginia. Just five days later, the main Union force, commanded by General Irwin McDowell, suffered an ignominious defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run. In the aftermath of the debacle, many turned to McClellan to save the war effort. McClellan arrived in Washington on July 26 to take command of the disorganized and demoralized Army of the Potomac. He quickly began to build a magnificent fighting force, establishing a rigorous training procedure and an efficient command structure. He also demonstrated brashness, pomposity, and arrogance toward many of the nation's political leaders. He loudly complained about Scott, and he treated the president with utter contempt.
Still, he was the only real choice to replace Scott. No other Union general had achieved much of anything to that point in the war. After alienating much of the administration by early 1862, McClellan moved the Army of the Potomac to the James Peninsula for an attack on Richmond. As a field commander, he proved to be sluggish and timid, and he retreated from the outskirts of the Confederate capital when faced with a series of attacks by General Robert E. Lee during the Seven Days' battles in June. In July, Henry W. Halleck was named general in chief, and much of McClellan's Army of the Potomac was transferred to General John Pope's Army of Virginia. After Pope was defeated at Second Bull Run in August, much of McClellan's command was restored to him. Lee invaded Maryland, and McClellan defeated him at the Battle of Antietam in September. Despite this victory, his refusal to pursue the retreating Confederates led to his permanent removal in November 1862. In 1864, he challenged Lincoln for the presidency as the Democratic nominee but lost decisively.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Brinton_McClellan
1862 “Hark! The Sound of Holy Voices” was written for use on All Saints Day.
www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/h/s/o/hsoundhv.htm
1864 Money orders were sold by the U.S. Post Office as a safe way to make payments by mail. The Act of May 17, 1864 authorized Post Offices to Issue Money Orders in amounts of up to $30. This service was implemented over time, only 141 Post Offices had provided the Money Order Business, "MOB", by November of that year.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_orders
1870 US Weather Bureau begins operations (24 locations). The Army Surgeon General began a coordinated attempt to obtain weather observations from Army posts as early as 1814, followed by a national network of observers reporting telegraphically to the Smithsonian in the late 1840's and 1850's, and then the establishment of a true National weather observation network under the Army Signal Corps in 1870. The first weather report was sent on the morning of November 1, 1870. Nashville was one of twenty-four newly established locations to take and transmit weather observations via telegraph. The office had a wind vane, anemometer, and rain gage well exposed on the roof of the building.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Weather_Service
1873 Joseph F. Glidden began manufacturing his new invention of barbed wire, having filed for a patent a few days before, on 27 Oct 1873 which was issued on 24 Nov 1874. The barbs were cut from sheet metal and were inserted between two wires which were twisted considerably more than with today's common design. This product would transform the West. Before this innovation, settlers on the treeless plains had no easy way to fence livestock away from cropland, and ranchers had no way to prevent their herds from roaming far and wide. Glidden’s barbed wire opened the plains to large-scale farming, and closed the open range, bringing the era of the cowboy and the round-up to an end.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_F._Glidden
1879 Edison patented his electric lamp.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_lamp
1879 The world's first all-steel railroad bridge was placed in service over the Missouri River at Glasgow, Missouri, built for the Chicago & Alton railroad by Gen. William Sooy Smith (1830-1916). It was a 2,700-ft five-span Whipple through truss. Construction began only the year before, with the contract for steel dated 12 Oct 1878. Although a milestone accomplishment, it has been overshadowed by other bridges of its time: the Eads Bridge across the Mississippi at St. Louis (1874) and the Brooklyn Bridge in New York (1883). By the 1890's nearly all new bridges were all-steel. The Glasgow bridge was replaced for heavier traffic by a new bridge in 1900 reusing some of the substructure, but with Parker truss spans.
1884 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) was adopted universally at a meeting of the International Meridian Conference in Washington, DC, USA. From then the International Date Line was drawn up and 24 time zones created.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time
1892 The Apache Lutheran Mission of the Wisconsin Synod opened.
1896 A picture showing the unclad (bare) breasts of a woman appears in National Geographic Magazine for the first time.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)
1897 – The first Library of Congress building opened its doors to the public. The Library had been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress
1901 Dr. J.E. Gillman announced an X-ray treatment for breast cancer.
1905 The Terry Lectureship was established at Yale University by a gift from Dwight H. Terry for lectures on religion in the light of science and philosophy.
1910 First issue of "The Crisis" published by editor W E B Du Bois. "The Crisis" was an American monthly magazine published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). It was founded in 1910 and, for its first 24 years, edited by W.E.B. Du Bois; by the end of its first decade it had achieved a monthly circulation of 100,000 copies.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crisis
1913 Notre Dame upsets Army 35-13, first to use forward pass effectively. When Notre Dame defeated Army 35-13 on Nov. 1, 1913, however, head coach Jesse Harper showcased a deep passing attack and All-American quarterback Gus Dorais. Dorais orchestrated a passing attack that kept the Army defense on its heels and prevented the Cadets from crowding the line. Dorais finished the day 12-14 for 243 yards with two touchdown passes and only one interception.
1914 The Battle of Coronel. In a crushing victory, a German naval squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee sinks two British armored cruisers with all aboard off the southern coast of Chile on November 1, 1914, in the Battle of Coronel.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Coronel
World War I broke out on the European continent in August 1914; within months, it had spread by sea across the globe to South America. Previously stationed in the western Pacific, near China, Spee's small East Asia Squadron made the two-month journey to Chile after Japan entered the war on August 22 and it was determined that the Germans could not stand up to the Japanese navy in the region. Neutral Chile, with its sizeable population of German immigrants and its ready supply of coal, would be a safer base from which to launch attacks against British shipping interests.
After eluding a large number of Japanese, British and Australian ships on its way, Spee's ships encountered a British squadron commanded by Sir Christopher Cradock in the late afternoon of November 1, 1914. The Germans, with their newer, lighter ships, took quick advantage, opening fire at 7 pm. Cradock's flagship, the Good Hope, was hit before its crew could return fire; it sank within half an hour. The Monmouth followed two hours later, after attempting to withdraw and being sunk by the light cruiser Nurnberg. No fewer than 1,600 British sailors, including Cradock himself, perished along with the two ships; it was the Royal Navy's worst defeat in more than a century.
The quicker British ship Glasgow escaped the fray and fled south to warn another of Cradock's ships, the Canopus, stationed in the Falkland Islands, of Spee's proximity. In response, the British dispatched two battle cruisers, Inflexible and Invincible, from its Battle Cruiser Squadron in the North Sea. The two ships, commanded by Sir Doveton Sturdee, reached the Falklands on December 7; the following day they exacted their revenge on the aggressive Spee, sinking four German ships--including the Nurnberg and Spee's flagship Scharnhorst--with 2,100 crew members aboard. Among the dead were Spee and his two sons, Otto and Heinrich. By the end of 1914, the German cruiser threat to Britain's trade routes had been virtually eliminated; for the duration of the war, Germany's chief weapon at sea would be its deadly U-boat submarines.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Coronel
The famous yellow footprints
outside of the Receiving Building,
where thousands of prospective Marines
have gotten their first taste of military life
1915 Parris Island is officially designated a US Marine Corps Recruit Depot.
1918 97 die in NYC subway's worst accident. A dispatcher, filling in for striking motormen, loses control while entering the tunnel at Malbone Street (Empire Boulevard) and 97 are killed, with 200 injured. It was the worst accident in subway history.
www.nytimes.com/1991/08/29/nyregion/the-subway-crash-accident-has-eerie-echoes-of-1918-crash-that-killed-97.html
1920 American Fishing Schooner Esperanto defeats the Canadian Fishing Schooner Delawana in the First International Fishing Schooner Championship Races in Halifax.
sites.google.com/site/schooneresperanto/home/capt-marty-welch
1923 Goodyear bought the rights to manufacture Zeppelin dirigibles.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company
1924 First US NHL franchise, Boston Bruins debut. On November 1st the Boston Bruins made their debut as the first American team in the NHL defeating the Montreal Maroons at home 2-1. However, success would not be common for the first year Bruins as they lost their next 11 games on the way to finishing in last place with a 6-24 record.
1924 William Tilghman is murdered by a corrupt prohibition agent who resented Tilghman's refusal to ignore local bootlegging operations. Tilghman, one of the famous marshals who brought law and order to the Wild West, was 71 years old.
Known to both friends and enemies as "Uncle Billy," Tilghman was one of the most honest and effective lawmen of his day. Born in Fort Dodge, Iowa, in 1854, Tilghman moved west when he was only 16 years old. Once there, he flirted with a life of crime after falling in with a crowd of disreputable young men who stole horses from Indians. After several narrow escapes with angry Indians, Tilghman decided that rustling was too dangerous and settled in Dodge City, Kansas, where he briefly served as a deputy marshal before opening a saloon. He was arrested twice for alleged train robbery and rustling, but the charges did not stick.
Despite this shaky start, Tilghman gradually built a reputation as an honest and respectable young man in Dodge City. He became the deputy sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, and later, the marshal of Dodge City. Tilghman was one of the first men into the territory when Oklahoma opened to settlement in 1889, and he became a deputy U.S. marshal for the region in 1891. In the late 19th century, lawlessness still plagued Oklahoma, and Tilghman helped restore order by capturing some of the most notorious bandits of the day.
Over the years, Tilghman earned a well-deserved reputation for treating even the worst criminals fairly and protecting the rights of the unjustly accused. Any man in Tilghman's custody knew he was safe from angry vigilante mobs, because Tilghman had little tolerance for those who took the law into their own hands. In 1898, a wild mob lynched two young Indians who were falsely accused of raping and murdering a white woman. Tilghman arrested and secured prison terms for eight of the mob leaders and captured the real rapist-murderer.
In 1924, after serving a term as an Oklahoma state legislator, making a movie about his frontier days, and serving as the police chief of Oklahoma City, Tilghman might well have been expected to quietly retire. However, the old lawman was unable to hang up his gun, and he accepted a job as city marshal in Cromwell, Oklahoma. Tilghman was shot and killed while trying to arrest a drunken Prohibition agent.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tilghman
1928 The Law on the Adoption and Implementation of the Turkish Alphabet, replacing the version of the Arabic alphabet previously used, comes into force in Turkey.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_alphabet
Statue of Seabiscuit at Santa Anita Park
1938 Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral in an up set victory during a match race deemed "the match of the century" in horse racing.
1928 Graf Zeppelin sets airship distance record of 6384 km. The second oldest unbroken world record performance is still held by the famous airship LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin. The flight started on October 29th, 1928, at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station (NJ) and ended at Friedrichshafen (Germany) on November 1st. Dr Hugo Ezckener was at the controls of the airship and, together with his 41 crew members, 24 passengers and one stowaway (!), he covered a total distance of 6,384 km.
1930 Detroit-Windsor Tunnel is dedicated. On this day in 1930, President Herbert Hoover turns a telegraphic "golden key" in the White House to mark the opening of the 5,160-foot-long Detroit-Windsor Tunnel between the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan, and the Canadian city of Windsor, Ontario. The tunnel opened to regular traffic on November 3. The first passenger car it carried was a 1929 Studebaker.
Since the beginning of the 19th century, Detroiters and Windsorians had been trying to find a way to move people and goods back and forth across the Detroit River. For decades, railroad interests proposed tunnels and bridges galore, but powerful advocates of marine shipping always managed to block those projects: They did not want to lose business to faster and more capacious trains. (Plans for bridges were particularly troubling to those shippers, since just one low-hanging over-the-water crossing had the potential to keep high-masted sailing vessels off the river altogether.)
In 1871, the region's railroads finally won permission to build a trans-national tunnel, and workers began to dig into the river at the foot of Detroit's San Antoine Street; however, they were forced to abandon the project just 135 feet under the river when they struck a pocket of sulfurous gas that made workers so ill that none could be persuaded to return. Likewise, in 1879, another tunnel had to be abandoned when it ran right into some unexpectedly difficult to excavate limestone under the river. The first successful Michigan-to-Canada tunnel project finally opened in 1891: the 6,000-foot-long Grand Trunk Railway Tunnel at Port Huron.
Soon enough, it was clear to most people on both sides of the border that they needed to build some sort of structure for transporting automobiles across the river. In June 1919, the mayors of Detroit and Windsor decided to build a city-to-city tunnel that would serve as a memorial to the American and Canadian soldiers who had died in World War I. Even after advocates of the under-construction Ambassador Bridge tried to frighten away the tunnel's backers, spreading rumors about the danger of subterranean carbon monoxide poisoning, tunnel boosters were undeterred. (They were, one said, "inspired by God to have this tunnel built.")
Construction began in 1928. First, barges dredged a 2,454-foot-long trench across the river; next, workers sank nine 8,000-ton steel-and-concrete tubes into the trench and welded them together. An elaborate ventilation system kept the air in the tunnel safe to breathe.
In the first nine weeks it was open, nearly 200,000 cars passed through the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel. Today, about 9 million vehicles use the tunnel each year.
1932 The year he received his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering, Wernher von Braun was named head of the German liquid-fuel rocket program. He signed a contract with the Reichswehr to conduct research leading to the development of rockets as military weapons. By 1934, he was building rockets along with artillery captain Walter Dornberger and a team of 80 engineers. In Dec 1934, he had his first successes with an A2 rocket powered by ethanol and liquid oxygen. When the research team outgrew their facility outside Berlin, a larger one was built at Peenemunde, a remote island off the Baltic coast.
1939 A rabbit conceived by artificial impregnation, was the first such animal in the U.S. to be displayed. The event was the 12th Annual Graduate Fortnight at the New York Academy of Medicine. Dr. Gregory Pincus, an American biologist, had removed an egg from the ovary of a female rabbit and fertilized it with a salt solution. The egg was then transferred to the uterus of a second rabbit, which functioned an "incubator." The young rabbit was born in Oct 1939. Dr. Pincus, of Clark University conducted his experiments at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. In the same year, Pincus and colleagues were the first to show how oocytes of various animals would undergo maturation if released from their follicle and cultured in vitro.
1941 American photographer Ansel Adams takes a picture of a moonrise over the town of Hernandez, New Mexico that would become one of the most famous images in the history of photography.
1941 FDR puts Coast Guard under control of the Navy. On this day in 1941, President Roosevelt announces that the U.S. Coast Guard will now be under the direction of the U.S. Navy, a transition of authority usually reserved only for wartime.
The Coast Guard was established as the Revenue Marine Service by Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the treasury, in 1790. In 1915, the U.S. Lifesaving Service, formed in 1878, and the RMS combined to become the Coast Guard. During peacetime, the Guard was under the direction of the Department of Treasury until 1967, when the Department of Transportation took control. But during war, it was under the control of the U.S. Navy. What made FDR's November 1 announcement significant was that the United States was not yet at war—but more and more American ships were nevertheless becoming casualties of the European war.
The Coast Guard's mission is to enforce all laws applicable to the waters within U.S. territory, including laws and regulations promoting personal safety and protection of property. It provides support and aid to all vessels within U.S. territorial waters. It is charged with inspecting sailing vessels and their equipment for violations of safety regulations, as well as lighthouses, buoys, navigation equipment, and radio beacons. The Guard operates and maintains a network of lifeboat and search-and-rescue stations, which also employs aircraft.
The Guard's wartime duties include escorting ships, providing port security, and inspecting ships for everything from illegal drugs to munitions. They also have powers of interdiction—the right to stop, board, and inspect any vessel suspected of threatening U.S. security. In fact, Coast Guard ranks are analogous to those of the U.S. Navy; even the uniforms are similar. The Guard is headed by an admiral appointed by the president. Women have served in the Guard since 1973.
1942 Matanikau Offensive begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on November 4.
1943 World War II: Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, United States Marines, the 3rd Marine Division, land on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands.
1943 World War II: In support of the landings on Bougainville, U.S. aircraft carrier forces attack the huge Japanese base at Rabaul.
1944 World War II: Units of the British Army land at Walcheren in the Netherlands.
1946 The New York Knicks played against the Toronto Huskies at the Maple Leaf Gardens, in the first Basketball Association of America game. The Knicks would win 68-66.
1947 Eddy Arnold's "I’ll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms)" hit #1.
1950 Puerto Rican nationalists try to kill President Truman at the Blair House. Collazo and Torresola planned to approach the house from opposite directions and shoot their way inside. In the ensuing gun battle, Collazo and Torresola traded gunfire with White House policemen and secret service agents. They wounded three White House policemen but never reached the interior of the house. President Truman was taking a nap upstairs in Blair House when the shooting began. He rushed to a window and saw Collazo below on the front steps. A White House guard saw the President in the window and shouted to him to him to get down. The President obeyed. The Truman family stayed in the Blair House during renovation of the White House from 1948 to 1952.
1950 Pope Pius XII claims Papal Infallibility when he formally defines the dogma of the Assumption of Mary.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feast_of_the_Assumption_of_Mary
1951 First atomic explosion witnessed by troops, was at Yucca Flat, Nevada. Members of the 1st Battalion, 188th Airborne Infantry Regiment from Ft. Campbell, Kentucky, were the first unwitting test participants to be sent to that facility by the Atomic Energy Commission and The Department of Defense in a series of nuclear tests, code named "Buster-Jangle."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Buster-Jangle
1952 Operation Ivy: In the first United States test of a thermonuclear device, a hydrogen bomb dubbed "Mike," was exploded at Eniwetok Atholl in the Pacific, 3,000 miles west of Hawaii. It exploded with a blinding white fireball more than three miles across, completely obliterating Elugelab, leaving an underwater crater a 6240-ft wide and 164-ft deep in the atoll where an island had once been. Eighty million tons of soil were lifted into the air by the blast. The yield was several million tons of TNT, a force a thousand times more powerful than the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima, a blast greater than all the explosives used during World War II. The "mushroom" cloud rose to top out in 5 mins at 135,000 ft (the top of the stratosphere) and eventually spread to 1000 miles wide.
1955 United Airlines Flight 629, registration N37559, was a Douglas DC-6B aircraft, named "Mainliner Denver," which was blown up with a dynamite bomb placed in the checked luggage. The explosion occurred over Longmont, Colorado while the airplane was en route from Denver, Colorado to Portland, Oregon, and Seattle, Washington, on November 1, 1955. All 39 passengers and five crew members on board were killed in the explosion and crash.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Airlines_Flight_629
1957 The Mackinac Straits Bridge opened to traffic. The bridge opened on November 1, 1957, and a year later was formally dedicated as "the world's longest suspension bridge between anchorages". This designation was chosen because the bridge would not be the world's largest using the customary way of measuring suspension bridges, the length of the center span between the towers that title already belonged to the Golden Gate Bridge, which has a longer center span.
1958 "It's All In The Game" by Tommy Edwards topped the charts. "It's All In The Game" was the [/b]only #1 hit ever written by a US Vice President. It was composed in 1912 as "Melody in A Major" by then-banker Charles Gates Dawes, who became VP under Calvin Coolidge in 1925. The lyrics were added in 1951 by Carl Sigman, who also changed the song's name to "It's All in the Game."
1959 First NHL goalie to wear a hockey mask (Jacques Plante) Plante used to wear the mask during practice, but in a game against the New York Rangers in 1959 he tripped Andy Bathgate, who retaliated by deliberately shooting a puck at Plante's face. He was badly cut and broke his cheekbone, but Plante returned to the game and made history by playing with a face mask.
1960 While campaigning for President of the United States, John F. Kennedy announces his idea of the Peace Corps.
1961 50,000 women in 60 cities participate in the inaugural Women Strike for Peace (WSP) against nuclear proliferation.
1963 The Arecibo Observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, with the largest radio telescope ever constructed, officially opens.
1964 One year after the overthrow and assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem, the situation in South Vietnam is deteriorating in both the military and political spheres.
Following two months of extreme political turmoil, the High National Council confirmed the appointment of Tran Van Huong as South Vietnam's premier. Though he promised to wage total war against the communists while separating religion and politics, he proved to be only the latest in a line of ineffectual leaders that attempted to fill the void left by Diem's death.
The military situation was no better. On this date, Viet Cong raiders infiltrated the U.S. air base at Bien Hoa, 12 miles north of Saigon, and launched a heavy mortar attack that caught the U.S. and South Vietnamese off guard. Before the Viet Cong withdrew, they killed five U.S. servicemen and two South Vietnamese soldiers, wounded 76, destroyed two B-57 bombers, and damaged another 20 U.S. and South Vietnamese aircraft. A lengthy search of the area around Bien Hoa failed to locate any of the Viet Cong. Word of the attack reached Washington early in the morning, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff called for "a prompt and strong response" against North Vietnam. Ambassador Maxwell Taylor called for a more limited response, but also advocated bombing in retaliation. President Lyndon Johnson, concerned with the presidential election that was only 48 hours away, decided to do nothing except order the immediate replacement of destroyed and damaged planes.
1964 George Blanda of Houston throws NFL-record 37 passes in 68 attempts. Blanda led the AFL in passing yardage with 3,330 and touchdown passes with 36 in 1961; in completions with 224 and yardage with 3,003 in 1963; completions with 262 in 1964 and 186 in 1965. The Oilers won the first two AFC championships and Blanda was named the league's player of the year in 1961. From 1963-1965, Blanda led the AFL in passing attempts and completions, and ranked in the top ten for attempts, completions, yards and touchdowns during seven consecutive seasons.
1966 Santa Anna winds fanned fires, and brought record November heat to parts of coastal California. November records included 86 degrees at San Francisco, 97 degrees at San Diego, and 101 degrees at the International airport in Los Angeles. Fires claimed the lives of at least sixteen firefighters. (The Weather Channel)
1967 Newman stars in Cool Hand Luke. On this day in 1967, Cool Hand Luke, starring Paul Newman as a tough, anti-authoritarian, poker-playing prisoner, debuts in theaters. Newman received a Best Actor Oscar nomination for his portrayal of the jail-breaking Luke Jackson, whom the American Film Institute in 2003 named one of the top 50 greatest movie heroes in history. For his role as the chain-gang boss, Dragline, co-star George Jackson collected a Best Supporting Actor Oscar. Directed by Stuart Rosenberg (Voyage of the Damned, The Amityville Horror, The Pope of Greenwich Village), Cool Hand Luke contained the now-famous lines: “What we have here is a failure to communicate” and “I don’t care if it rains or freezes, long as I have my plastic Jesus, right here on the dashboard of my car…”
At the time of Cool Hand Luke’s debut, Paul Newman was already on the path to becoming one of Hollywood’s greatest leading men. The actor, who was born January 26, 1925, in Cleveland and raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio, served in the U.S. Navy during World War II and later graduated from Kenyon College. He acted on Broadway in the early 1950s and made his big-screen debut in 1954’s The Silver Chalice. Newman received his first Best Actor Oscar nomination for his performance as Brick Pollitt in 1958’s Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, based on the Tennessee Williams play and co-starring Elizabeth Taylor. Newman’s next two Best Actor Oscar nominations came for The Hustler (1961) and Hud (1963).
In 1969, the famously blue-eyed actor teamed up with Robert Redford to play a pair of Old West bank robbers in the hit Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, which earned seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture. The two handsome screen icons collaborated again in 1973’s The Sting, which collected seven Oscars, including Best Picture. Newman went on to star in such movies as Absence of Malice (1981) and The Verdict (1982), both of which earned him Best Actor Oscar nominations, and The Color of Money (1986), for which he took home his first Best Actor Oscar. In the film, directed by Martin Scorsese, Newman plays Fast Eddie Felson, a pool hustler who finds a protege in a young player portrayed by Tom Cruise. In the later years of his acting career, Newman also received Oscar nominations for his performances in Nobody’s Fool (1994) and Road to Perdition (2002), with Tom Hanks.
Newman, who outside of acting was known for his avid interest in race-car driving and his Newman’s Own line of foods (the profits of which go to charity), also stepped behind the camera to direct such movies as Rachel, Rachel (1968), which starred his second wife, Joanne Woodward (the couple married in 1958 and starred in 10 movies together) and earned a Best Picture Oscar nomination, and The Glass Menagerie (1987), which featured Woodward and John Malkovich. Paul Newman died at his home in Westport, Connecticut, on September 26, 2008, at the age of 83.
1966 "Apple Jacks" cereal was trademark registered. Originally, all Apple Jacks cereal pieces were orange and O-shaped, although they have become increasingly brighter and more orange colored over the decades. In the mid-1990s, O-shaped green pieces were introduced. On December 8, 2003, as part of a marketing promotion, the orange jacks remained O's but the green jacks turned into X's. The first Apple Jacks mascot in the early 1960s was "Apple Head", a figure made from cutting a face onto a real apple and applying a hat and pieces of cereal for eyes. In the late 1960s the box depicted an "Apple Car" with pieces of cereal for wheels.
1966 NFL awards New Orleans its 16th franchise (All Saints Day)
1966 William Dana in X-15 reaches 58 miles. Dana completed a total of 16 research missions in the X-15, including its 199th and final flight on October 24, 1968. During those flights, he recorded a top speed of Mach 5.53 (3,856 mph). He also became one of only three pilots to fly the X-15 to an altitude in excess of 300,000 feet, as he qualified for astronaut's wings by piloting the craft to 306,900 feet (more than 58 miles) on November 1, 1966. He completed a subsequent flight, on Aug. 21, 1968, which exceeded the 50-mile threshold defined by the U.S. Air Force as the boundary between the atmosphere and space.
1968 A tornado touched down west of Winslow, AZ, but did little damage in an uninhabited area. (The Weather Channel)
1968 The current movie rating system of G, M, R, X followed by PG-13 and now NC-17, went into effect.
1968 The U.S. mission in Saigon initiates two operations designed to bolster rural security and development efforts.
The Le Loi program was an intensified civic action campaign intended to repair the damage done by the enemy's offensives earlier in the year and to return control of the rural population to the Saigon government.
The other operation was the Phuong Hoang (Phoenix) program, a hamlet security initiative run by the Central Intelligence Agency that relied on centralized, computerized intelligence gathering to identify and eliminate the Viet Cong infrastructure--the upper echelon of the National Liberation Front political cadres and party members. This program became one of the most controversial operations undertaken by U.S. personnel in South Vietnam.
Critics charged that American-led South Vietnamese "hit teams" indiscriminately arrested and murdered many communist suspects on flimsy pretexts. Despite these charges, the program was acknowledged by top-level U.S. government officials, as well as Viet Cong and North Vietnamese leaders after the war, to have been very effective in reducing the power of the local communist cadres in the South Vietnamese countryside.
According to available sources, from 1968 to 1972, the Phoenix program resulted in the capture of 34,000 Viet Cong political cadre, while an additional 26,000 were killed. The program also convinced 22,000 communists to change their loyalties and support the South Vietnamese government.
1969 Beatles' "Abbey Road," album goes #1 & stays #1 for 11 weeks. The Beatles album to be recorded (although Let It Be was the last to be released), Abbey Road was a fitting swan song for the group. George Harrison also blossomed into a major songwriter, contributing the buoyant "Here Comes the Sun" and the supremely melodic ballad "Something," the latter of which became the first Harrison-penned Beatles hit.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_Road
1971 Eisenhower dollar put into circulation. The Eisenhower Dollar was minted from 1971 to 1978. The obverse honors President Dwight D. Eisenhower, while the reverse pays tribute to the first moon landing depicting the official Apollo 11 insignia. The design was the work of Chief Engraver Frank Gasparro.
1973 Watergate Scandal: Leon Jaworski is appointed as the new Watergate Special Prosecutor.
1977 2060 Chiron planetoid in the outer Solar System. Discovered in 1977 by Charles T. Kowal (precovery images have been found as far back as 1895), it was the first known member of a new class of objects now known as centaurs, with an orbit between Saturn and Uranus.
1981 First Class Mail raised from 18 to 20¢
1986 "True Colors" by Cyndi Lauper topped the charts.
1987 Early morning thunderstorms in central Arizona produced hail an inch in diameter at Williams and Gila Bend, and drenched Payson with 1.86 inches of rain. Hannagan Meadows AZ, meanwhile, was blanketed with three inches of snow. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the Ohio Valley. Afternoon highs of 76 degrees at Beckley WV, 77 degrees at Bluefield WV, and 83 degrees at Lexington KY were records for the month of November. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
1987 NY Jets retire Don Maynards #13. Maynard's biggest game was the AFL championship playoff against the Oakland Raiders in 1968, when he caught 6 passes for 118 yards and two touchdowns in a 27-23 victory. The Jets won on to become the first AFL team to win the Super Bowl.
1988 Low pressure brought gales and locally heavy rain to the northeastern U.S. The rainfall total of 1.46 inches at Newark NJ was a record for the date. New York City was soaked with more than two inches of rain. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 East Germany reopened its border with Czechoslovakia, prompting tens of thousands of refugees to flee to the West
1989 A strong cold front ushered snow and arctic air into the north central U.S. Snow whitened North Dakota and the Central High Plains Region. Up to five inches of snow blanketed Denver CO. Yellowstone Park WY was the cold spot in the nation with a morning low of 4 degrees below zero. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1994 The Chicago Bulls retired Michael Jordan’s uniform (No. 23) and put it on display at the United Center. Stating that he had lost his desire to play professional basketball, Jordan announced his retirement prior to the 1993-1994 season. Initially noted for his scoring, his tenacious defensive play had made him one of the greatest all-around basketball players in NBA history. He had also become a worldwide celebrity due to his success in the NBA and the Olympics, and his numerous commercial endorsements.
1998 Steve Young and Jerry Rice connected for their 80th career touchdown - NFL record
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_01
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