Post by farmgal on Oct 26, 2012 22:48:24 GMT -5
October 27 is the 301st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 66 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days left until November 06, 2012 11
Countdown until Obama leaves Office
www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
710 Saracen invasion of Sardinia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia#Byzantine_Period
1659 Quakers executed for religious beliefs. William Robinson and Marmaduke Stevenson, two Quakers who came from England in 1656 to escape religious persecution, are executed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony for their religious beliefs. The two had violated a law passed by the Massachusetts General Court the year before, banning Quakers from the colony under penalty of death.
The Religious Society of Friends, whose members are commonly known as Quakers, was a Christian movement founded by George Fox in England during the early 1650s. Quakers opposed central church authority, preferring to seek spiritual insight and consensus through egalitarian Quaker meetings. They advocated sexual equality and became some of the most outspoken opponents of slavery in early America. Robinson and Stevenson, who were hanged from an elm tree on Boston Common in Boston, were the first Quakers to be executed in America. Quakers found solace in Rhode Island and other colonies, and Massachusetts' anti-Quaker laws were later repealed.
In the mid 18th century, John Woolman, an abolitionist Quaker, traveled the American colonies, preaching and advancing the anti-slavery cause. He organized boycotts of products made by slave labor and was responsible for convincing many Quaker communities to publicly denounce slavery. Another of many important abolitionist Quakers was Lucretia Mott, who worked on the Underground Railroad in the 19th century, helping lead fugitive slaves to freedom in the Northern states and Canada. In later years, Mott was a leader in the movement for women's rights.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Robinson_(martyr)#Stephenson_and_Robinson
1682 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia#History
1682 English Quaker colonist and founder of Pennsylvania William Penn (1644–1718) arrived in America.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penn
1764 A "very remarkable storm of snow with high winds" produced 22 inches at Rutland in central Massachusetts. (David Ludlum)
"]1771 Landing at Philadelphia, pioneer bishop Francis Asbury, 26, first arrived in America. He had been sent from England by John Wesley to oversee Methodism in the American colonies, and stayed all of his remaining 45 years, till his death in 1816
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury
1775 US Navy established. On October 27, 1775 John Adams was successful in persuading the Continental Congress to fit out "with all possible despatch" two vessels to be used to capture British shipping. By the end of the month two more were approved. The merchantmen Alfred, Columbus, Andrew Doria, and Cabot had land based cannon brought aboard and lashed down. Later, two schooners, the Wasp and the Fly and the sloops, Providence and Hornet were added.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Navy#Origins
1775 King George III speaks to Parliament of American rebellion. On this day in 1775, King George III speaks before both houses of the British Parliament to discuss growing concern about the rebellion in America, which he viewed as a traitorous action against himself and Great Britain. He began his speech by reading a "Proclamation of Rebellion" and urged Parliament to move quickly to end the revolt and bring order to the colonies.
The king spoke of his belief that "many of these unhappy people may still retain their loyalty, and may be too wise not to see the fatal consequence of this usurpation, and wish to resist it, yet the torrent of violence has been strong enough to compel their acquiescence, till a sufficient force shall appear to support them." With these words, the king gave Parliament his consent to dispatch troops to use against his own subjects, a notion that his colonists believed impossible.
Just as the Continental Congress expressed its desire to remain loyal to the British crown in the Olive Branch Petition, delivered to the monarch on September 1, so George III insisted he had "acted with the same temper; anxious to prevent, if it had been possible, the effusion of the blood of my subjects; and the calamities which are inseparable from a state of war; still hoping that my people in America would have discerned the traitorous views of their leaders, and have been convinced, that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the known world." King George went on to scoff at what he called the colonists' "strongest protestations of loyalty to me," believing them disingenuous, "whilst they were preparing for a general revolt."
Unfortunately for George III, Thomas Paine's anti-monarchical argument in the pamphlet, Common Sense, published in January 1776, proved persuasive to many American colonists. The two sides had reached a final political impasse and the bloody War for Independence soon followed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_III#American_War_of_Independence
1780 The first U.S. astronomical expedition to record an eclipse of the sun observed the event which lasted from 11:11 am to 1:50 pm. The observers left about three weeks earlier, on 9 Oct from Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., for Penobscot Bay, led by Samuel Williams. A boat was supplied by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts the four professors and six students. Although the U.S. was at war with Britain, the British officer in charge of Penobscot Bay permitted the expedition to land and set up equipment to observe the predicted total eclipse of the sun. The expedition was shocked to find itself outside the path of totality. They saw a thin arc of the sun instead of its complete obscuration by the moon.
1787 Federalist Papers first published. The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution. The Federalist Papers initially appeared in three New York newspapers: the Independent Journal, the New-York Packet and the Daily Advertiser, beginning on October 27, 1787. The Federalist Papers serve as a primary source for interpretation of the Constitution, as they outline the philosophy and motivation of the proposed system of government. They were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Papers
1795 Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. The treaty's full title is Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States. Thomas Pinckney negotiated the treaty for the United States and Don Manuel de Godoy represented Spain. Among other things, it ended the first phase of the West Florida Controversy, a dispute between the two nations over the boundaries of the Spanish colony of West Florida.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty
1810 United States annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Florida
1838 Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be exterminated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extermination_Order_(Mormonism)
1858 RH Macy & Co opens first store, (6th Ave-NYC) Gross receipts $1106.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RH_Macy_and_Company_Store_(building)
1864 Battle of Hatcher's Run (Burgess Mill) Union troops are turned back when they try to cut the last railroad supplying the Confederate force in Petersburg, Virginia.
Since June, Union General Ulysses S. Grant had laid siege to Petersburg, just 25 miles south of the Confederate capital at Richmond. Confederate General Robert E. Lee's dwindling forces were stretched thin along miles of trenches, but the fortifications magnified the actual strength of his troops. Hatcher's Run was one of several attempts made by Grant in the summer and fall of 1864 to pry the Rebels from their positions.
With winter approaching, Grant decided to make one last attempt to capture the Southside Railroad that supplied Petersburg from the west. He instructed the Army of the Potomac's commander, General George Meade, to direct the operation. He ordered parts of three army corps, commanded by Generals Winfield Hancock, Gouverneur K. Warren, and John Parke, to advance in the early morning rain of October 23. The target was the Confederate trenches along Hatcher's Run, seven miles southwest of Petersburg. The plan called for Parke's and Warren's forces to make an assault, if possible, while Hancock's troops moved west around the end of the Confederate lines. They were to turn north and cut the railroad. The effort would involve 40,000 Yankee troops and 3,000 cavalry troopers.
Parke's and Warren's men found the trenches much more heavily defended than expected. They continued to maneuver to draw attention away from Hancock's advance, but an uneven advance created a gap in the Union lines. Meade slowed the advance to close the gap. By late afternoon, Confederate counterattacks threw Hancock's Second Corps into disarray. The fighting continued after dark, but when it ended no territory had changed hands, and the siege continued.
About 1,700 Yankee men were killed, wounded, and captured. Confederate losses were not reported but were thought to be less than 1,000, most of them captured. The battle was a disaster for the Union and caused the Lincoln administration embarrassment just a week before the presidential election. However, recent Yankee military successes in the Shenandoah Valley around Atlanta and in Mobile, Alabama, were enough to secure Lincoln's reelection.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hatcher%27s_Run
1871 Boss Tweed arrested after NY Times exposed his corruption. Tweed defrauded the city by having contractors present excessive bills for work performed- typically ranging from 15 to 65 percent more than the project actually cost. This extra money was divided among Tweed and his subordinates. The most excessive overcharging came in the form of the famous Tweed Courthouse, which cost the city $13 million to construct, most of it going to line the pockets of Tweed and his gang. The city was also billed $3,000,000 for city printing and stationery over a two-year period. The end came when one of the plunderers, dissatisfied with the amount he received, gave The New York Times evidence that conclusively proved that stealing was going on.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boss_Tweed
1873 Farmer Joseph F. Glidden applied for a patent on barbed wire. The barbs were cut from sheet metal and were inserted between two wires which were twisted considerably more than with today's common design. This product would transform the West. Before this innovation, settlers on the treeless plains had no easy way to fence livestock away from cropland, and ranchers had no way to prevent their herds from roaming far and wide. Glidden’s barbed wire opened the plains to large-scale farming, and closed the open range, bringing the era of the cowboy and the round-up to an end. Glidden eventually received five patents and is generally considered the inventor of barbed wire. Image: detail from patent application diagram.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbed_wire
1880 Theodore Roosevelt marries Alice Lee, on his 22nd birthday.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt
1889 Saint Casimir Lutheran Church, the first Lithuanian Lutheran church in America, was organized at Plymouth, Pennsylvania. The first pastor was Alexander Burba.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Lithuania
www.lituanus.org/1995_2/95_2_01.htm
1891 Philip B. Downing, inventor, was awarded a U.S. patent for an improvement to the street letter (mail) box. This improvement in the covering and opening of outdoor mailboxes protected mail from both intruders and weather. It is relatively unchanged to this day. (No. 462,093)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_box#North_America
1904 The first underground and underwater rail system in the world, the New York City Subway, began operating. Even with elevated train lines springing up around the city, the need for an underground rapid transit railroad was obvious to clear street congestion and spread city development into the outlying areas. Almost 8,000 men participated in building the 21-mile (33.6 km) route, under chief engineer, William Barclay Parsons. Building the subway was a complex and dangerous task; at least 44 people died in the effort: This first rapid transit subway, the IRT (Interborough Rapid Transit), was opened in New York City by Mayor McLellan. The subway and bus fare was set at one nickel. The cars operated between the Brooklyn Bridge and 145 and Broadway.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Subway
1914 World War I: The British super-dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious (23,400 tons), is sunk off Tory Island, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Audacious_(1912)
1916 First published reference to "jazz" appears (Variety)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz
1917 Jascha Heifetz made his debut at Carnegie Hall in New York City. He elicited such observations as "only the molten gold of Fritz Kreisler can be conjured up in comparison" (Herbert F. Peyser) and "He is a modern miracle" (Pitts Sanborn). The ensuing year brought triumph after triumph, with critics vying with each other to offer the most extravagant superlatives.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz
1920 League of Nations moves headquarters in Geneva
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations
1925 Water skis patented by Fred Waller. Ralph Samuelson first succeeded on June 28 by starting off wearing skis while standing on top of an aquaplane board, and then slipping one foot and then the other into the water. However, this first trip only lasted a few seconds. He got up on the water with this method for the first time on July 2. Unfortunately, Samuelson did not patent his invention. Prolific inventor Fred Waller of New York was awarded a Patent for water skis on October 27, 1925, which he marketed as "Dolphin Akwa-Skees."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterskiing#History
1827 Henry U. Onderdonk (1789–1858), hymnist, was consecrated at Philadelphia as assistant bishop.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/o/n/d/onderdonk_hu.htm
1929 A snowstorm dumped 27 inches upon Ishpeming, MI, in 24 hours to establish a state record. (David Ludlum)
1936 Mrs Wallis Simpson files for divorce which would eventually allow her to marry King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, thus forcing his abdication from the throne.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis_Simpson
1938 Du Pont announced a name for its new synthetic fiber yarn: "nylon".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Pont
1941 Chicago Daily Tribune editorialize there will not be war with Japan.
1941 "Everything I Love", by Buddy Clark, was recorded on the Okeh label. Buddy Clark was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1930s and 1940s, a success on radio, in movies, and on record -- had he lived longer. A fixture on the airwaves for his first decade and a half as a singer, Clark didn't hit his commercial stride until the end of the 1940s, with more than a dozen hits in scarcely two years -- when his life was tragically cut short by a plane crash. In the spring of 1947, Clark, now signed to Columbia Records, topped the charts for two weeks with the single "Linda" -- that record heralded a two year period of unbroken success for the singer. "Linda" was followed up with "How Are Things in Glocca Mora" from Finian's Rainbow, which made the Top Ten. "Peg O' My Heart" was another chart-topper, and it was followed by "An Apple Blossom Wedding," "Don't You Love Me Anymore" and "I'll Dance at Your Wedding."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Clark
1947 "This is Nora Drake" premiered on NBC radio. This long-running soap opera began on NBC, was heard on both NBC and CBS during 1948 and became exclusively a CBS show sometime in 1949. Bill Cullen was the show's original announcer, making it the only NBC show on which he worked in this early part of his career. Nora Drake was a career-oriented professional who could have had her pick of many eligible bachelors. She had the misfortune to fall in love with Dr. Ken Martinson, who -- in a moment of haste -- put her aside to marry nurse Peggy King. Peggy turned his life into misery maximized. Nora pined for Ken to obtain the divorce that Peggy told him he'd get over her dead body, setting in motion a waiting game; fans were sure the outcome would one day arrive.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Tompkins
1947 "You Bet Your Life", with Groucho Marx, premieres on ABC radio. The game itself was fairly straightforward: three couples were brought onstage, asked four questions and given $20 to wager as they chose. There was also a "secret word" which could net contestants extra money, and a jackpot question for the most successful couple. The key to the show's success was the quick-witted Groucho. Rarely at a loss for words, Marx freely engaged in unrehearsed banter with the contestants and announcer George Fenneman.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Bet_Your_Life
1954 Walt Disney's first TV show, "Disneyland," premieres on ABC. The program Disneyland debuted on 27 October 1954, and quickly became ABC's first series to hit the top ten in ratings. A number of early episodes showed old Disney films or promoted new ones. (A documentary chronicling the filming of the upcoming 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea added to the audience for that film and also earned Disney his first Emmy award, for best documentary.) The program's success was clinched in December 1954 with the introduction of the first of three episodes focusing on Davy Crockett. The day after the 15 December telecast of "Davy Crockett, Indian Fighter," Crockett mania swept through the country.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_anthology_television_series
1954 Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_O._Davis,_Jr.
1956 "Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel" by Elvis Presley topped the charts.
1962 "Monster Mash" by Bobby Pickett & the Crypt Kickers topped the charts. Pickett took the song to Gary Paxton, who was lead singer of The Hollywood Argyles, who had the hit "Alley Oop." They recorded the song Paxton and studio musicians Leon Russell, Johnny McCrae and Rickie Page, who were credited as "The Cryptkickers." The "Mash" in the song was inspired by the "Mashed Potato" dance craze. This being 1962, many of the sound effects had to be created in the studio. The coffin opening was a nail being pulled from a board; other noises were made by blowing bubbles through a straw and dropping chains on the floor.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_Mash
1962 Major Rudolf Anderson of the United States Air Force becomes the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis when his U-2 reconnaissance airplane is shot down in Cuba by a Soviet-supplied SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Anderson
1962 An early season winter storm over New England blanketed northern Maine with 7 to 16 inches of snow, and southeastern New England with up to 3 inches of snow. Worcester MA received a record 4.7 inches of snow. (The Weather Channel)
1963 Peter, Paul and Mary and "Blowin' In the Wind" topped the album charts. With "If I Had a Hammer" wafting over the AM airwaves, the Peter, Paul Mary LP rose to number one and subsequently spent years on the charts. Their second album, Moving, released in January of 1963, got off to a slightly slower start, but it found its way to number two and a 99-week run with help from "Puff (The Magic Dragon)," a song that Peter Yarrow had written in college. The single rose to number two that spring and became one of the most beloved children's songs of all time, as well as the trio's passport through any potential controversy.
1964 Ronald Reagan delivers a speech on behalf of Republican candidate for president, Barry Goldwater. The speech launched his political career and came to be known as "A Time for Choosing".
1966 Ambassador Harriman sent to explain Manila offer. U.S. Ambassador-at-Large Averell Harriman visits 10 nations to explain the results of the Manila conference and the current U.S. evaluation of the situation in Southeast Asia.
Harriman, acting as Johnson's personal emissary, visited leaders in Ceylon, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Iran, Italy, France, West Germany, Britain, and Morocco to explain the results of the Manila conference and the "Declaration of Peace" signed there by Allied leaders with troops in Vietnam. They pledged they would pull their troops out of Vietnam within six months after all North Vietnamese troops were withdrawn from South Vietnam. Harriman reported to the president on November 11 that the pledge was received favorably and "Every country in the world wants to see peace, with the exception of Red China and North Vietnam." The Communist Chinese news agency Hsinhua had already denounced the Manila pledge as "out-and-out blackmail and shameless humbug." The North Vietnamese did not respond favorably to the Manila pledge and it had no impact on the conduct of the war, which continued unabated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averell_Harriman
1967 Catholic priest Philip Berrigan and others of the Baltimore Four protest the Vietnam War by pouring blood on Selective Service records.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Berrigan
1969 Ralph Nader sets up a consumer organization known as Nader's Raiders
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nader_Report_on_the_Federal_Trade_Commission
1970 Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber release Jesus Christ Superstar. From the late 1950s to the mid 1960s, it was common for original cast recordings of successful Broadway musicals to find their way up near the top of the pop album charts. Hit shows like West Side Story, The Sound of Music and Funny Girl, among several others, all spun off million-selling albums during this era, but by the late 1960s, the pop album charts had been decisively taken over by rock. It was in this environment that a young British composer and his lyricist partner managed to achieve a massive success by precisely reversing the old formula. On this day in 1970, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, who would go on to become the most successful composer-lyricist team in modern theater history, released a double-LP "concept" album called Jesus Christ Superstar, which only later would become the smash-hit Broadway musical of the same name.
Jesus Christ Superstar was the third musical written by Lloyd Webber and Rice, following on The Likes of Us, which was staged for the first time in 2005, and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, which saw only limited performances in various English churches between 1968 and 1970. Superstar grew out of Tim Rice's longtime fascination with Judas Iscariot, whom he conceived not as a craven betrayer of Jesus, but rather as a dear friend struggling with the implications of Jesus' growing celebrity. Although the musical would later find broad support among leaders of liberal Christian churches, it was nevertheless too controversial to gain the financial backing necessary for a stage production. Lloyd Webber and Rice therefore chose to package Superstar as an album first.
Working with a cast that included Murray Head—later of the pop hit "One Night In Bangkok" (1985)—in the role of Judas, and Yvonne Elliman—of the 1977 #1 hit "If I Can't Have You"—as Mary Magdalene, Lloyd Webber and Rice recorded the Jesus Christ Superstar album in the summer of 1970 and released it in Britain and the United States the following fall.
Then as now, Lloyd Webber and Rice had their detractors in the critical establishment. Writing for The New York Times, critic Don Heckman questioned whether this new "rock opera" deserved praise either as rock or as an opera. "As rock, it leaves much to be desired," he wrote. And in relation to 20th-century operas by the likes of Stravinsky and Gershwin, Heckman argued, "The comparison is pretty devastating."
Nevertheless the Jesus Christ Superstar album spawned a Top 40 single in versions of "I Don't Know How To Love Him" by both Yvonne Elliman and Helen Reddy, and it shot all the way to the top of the Billboard album charts in early 1971, paving the way for a smash Broadway opening later that year.
[a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar"]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar[/a][/url]
1971 Cambodian troops battle Communists north of Phnom Penh. Fighting intensifies as Cambodian government forces battle with Khmer Rouge, Viet Cong, and North Vietnamese forces northeast of Phnom Penh. In March 1970, a coup led by Cambodian General Lon Nol had overthrown the government of Prince Norodom Sihanouk in Phnom Penh. Lon Nol and his army, the Forces Armees Nationale Khmer (FANK), with U.S. support and military aid, fought the Communist Khmer Rouge for control of Cambodia. In addition, the government forces had to contend with the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong, who continued to use Cambodia as a sanctuary for their forces attacking into South Vietnam. In this round of the fighting, the major engagements occurred around the provincial capitals of Kompong Thom and Rumlong. The Communists began a siege of these garrisons after their demolition frogmen destroyed a crucial bridge along Route 6, the main supply line for the 20,000 Cambodians on the northeast front. Some 400 government soldiers were reported dead as a result of the combat.
1973 "Midnight Train to Georgia" by Gladys Knight & the Pips topped the charts. "Midnight Train to Georgia" was written and originally recorded by Jim Weatherly as "Midnight Plane To Houston." The name was changed (with Weatherly's OK) when Cissy Houston (Whitney's mom, Dionne Warwick's cousin) recorded it. Weatherly agreed to alter the title only if the rest of the lyrics were not changed.The third and fourth singles off the album didn't do too badly either -- "I've Got to Use My Imagination" peaked at #4 in the US, "Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me" #3.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys_Knight_%26_the_Pips
1973 The Cañon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite type meteorite, strikes in Fremont County, Colorado.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite_fall
1974 ABC hit pay dirt this day with the first televised showing of the box office hit, "The Poseidon Adventure"
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Poseidon_Adventure_(1972_film)
1978 The complete New International Version of the Bible was published by Zondervan Publishers of Grand Rapids, Michigan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Version
1980 Dave Gryllis sets world bicycle speed record of 59 mph. David Miles Grylls (b 1957) is a retired track cyclist from the United States. He represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, where he won the silver medal in the men's 4.000m team pursuit, alongside Steve Hegg, Leonard Nitz and Patrick McDonough.
1986 NY Mets beat Boston Red Sox, 4 games to 3 in 83rd World Series
1987 Showers and thunderstorms produced locally heavy rain from Virginia to New York State. Fallen leaves made roads and sidewalks slick, and also clogged sewers. Rainfall totals of 1.55 inches at Newark NJ, 1.54 inches at Harrisburg PA, 1.27 inches at Scranton PA, and 1.22 inches at Atlantic City NJ, were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary)
1988 "ET" released to home video (14 million presold).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ET_(movie)
1988 Ronald Reagan decides to tear down the new U.S. Embassy in Moscow because of Soviet listening devices in the building structure.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Schwirkmann
[urlhttp://www.sfgate.com/news/article/U-S-Finally-Opens-Moscow-Embassy-Building-was-2714015.php][/url]
1989 After a 10 day delay due to earthquake, World Series game 3 is played. When an earthquake hit on October 17, Commissioner Fay Vincent immediately announced the postponement of Game 3 and everyone was ordered to vacate the stadium before darkness set in. Oakland returned just as they had left with a record-tying five home runs including two by Dave Henderson and one each by Jose Canseco, Carney Lansford and Tony Phillips. A well-rested Stewart held the Giants to three runs and five hits for the 13-7 triumph. The victory made Stewart, (winner of sixty-two regular-season games in the last three years) the first man in history to record two victories in the same season in both the League Championship Series and the Fall Classic.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Series_Earthquake
1988 - Low pressure brought snow and gale force winds to the Great Lakes Region, and snow and high winds to the north central U.S. Winds gusted to 47 mph at Lansing MI, and reached 55 mph at Pierre SD. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 Wintry weather invaded the northwestern U.S. A storm crossing the Central Rockies produced up to 23 inches of snow in the mountains east of Salt Lake City UT. "Indian Summer" continued in the Lower Ohio Valley and the Upper Great Lakes Region. Afternoon highs of 71 degrees at Marquette MI and 72 degrees at Sault Ste Marie MI were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1992 Nintendo of America, Inc. registered the configuration of its hand-held game machine.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_of_America#Offices_and_locations
1992 United States Navy radioman Allen R. Schindler, Jr. is murdered by shipmate Terry M. Helvey for being gay, precipitating first military, then national, debate about gays in the military that resulted in the United States "Don't ask, don't tell" military policy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_R._Schindler,_Jr.
1994 The U.S. prison population tops 1 million for the first time in American history.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States
1997 The U.S. released a redesigned $50 bill. The redesigned $50 note and consequent denominations will include a large dark numeral on a lightbackground on the back of the note that will make it easier for the more than 3.7 million Americans with low vision to denominate the note. The feature will also be useful to the 10 million Americans with milder forms of visual impairment and other usersof U.S. currency in low-light situations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill
1997 Stock markets around the world crash because of fears of a global economic meltdown. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummets 554.26 points to 7,161.15. For the first time, the New York Stock Exchange activates its "circuit breakers" twice during the day eventually making the controversial move of closing the Exchange early.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_27,_1997_mini-crash
2003 A new US stamp was dedicated to Theodore Geisel, creator of Dr. Seuss.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_geisel
2004 The Boston Red Sox win the World Series for the first time in 86 years breaking the Curse of the Bambino. The Sox swept the Series over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Boston team became the 18th in major league history to sweep its opponents in the World Series, and the 4th team to keep its opponent from obtaining the lead at any time in the Series. Considering American professional sports history in general, Boston became the 153rd team to make a series sweep, and the 25th team to have never trailed in a best-of-seven series. Boston led St. Louis at the end of 35 out of 36 total innings of play. Boston pitcher Derek Lowe became the first pitcher in history to be the winning pitcher in the series-clinching game in three postseason series and the first to win both the LCS and WS clinchers since Randy Johnson in 2001.
2006 Chick-fil-A founder takes last Ford Taurus. On October 27, 2006, the last Ford Taurus rolls off the assembly line in Hapeville, Georgia. The keys to the silver car went to 85-year-old Truett Cathy, the founder of the Chick-fil-A fast-food franchise, who took it straight to his company's headquarters in Atlanta and added it to an elaborate display that included 19 other cars, including one of the earliest Fords. "I do have this disease of collecting cars," Cathy told a reporter. "I was very sorry [the workers at the Ford plant] lost their jobs," he said, but "since I was gonna get the keys, I was glad for that."
When Ford added the Taurus to its lineup in 1985, the company was struggling. High fuel prices made its heavy, gas-guzzling cars unattractive to American buyers, especially compared to the high-quality foreign cars that had been flooding the market since the middle of the 1970s. The Taurus was smaller than the typical Ford family car, and its aerodynamic styling appealed to design-conscious buyers. Almost immediately, the car was a hit: Ford sold 263,000 in 1985 alone. Sales figures climbed higher each year, and in 1992, the Taurus became the best-selling passenger car in the United States. (It wrested this title away from the Honda Accord, and kept it for the next five years.) It was, according to the Henry Ford Museum, "a winner in the marketplace that saved Ford Motor from disaster."
But by the 2000s, the Taurus had lost much of its appeal. Even after a 1996 facelift, its once cutting-edge design now looked dated, and it still did not have the fuel efficiency of its Japanese counterparts. (In fact, in contrast to cars like the Accord and the Toyota Camry, which overtook the Taurus to become the nation's best-selling car, by the mid-1990s Ford was selling the majority of its Tauruses to rental-car companies, not individuals.) Ford discontinued the Taurus station wagon at the end of 2004, and idled the Hapeville plant—across the street from the original Chick-fil-A—two years later. Fifteen hundred workers lost their jobs.
In place of the Taurus, Ford pushed its full-size Five Hundred sedan along with its midsize Fusion. Neither sold especially well, however, and in 2007 the company re-released the Taurus (actually just a renamed version of the Five Hundred). It unveiled a revamped, sportier Taurus in July 2009.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurus
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www.todayinsci.com/10/10_27.htm
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.amug.org/~jpaul/oct27.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_27
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/new-york-city-subway-opens
www.christianhistorytimeline.com/lives_events/birthday/index.php
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_27_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1027.htm
There are 66 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days left until November 06, 2012 11
Countdown until Obama leaves Office
www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
710 Saracen invasion of Sardinia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinia#Byzantine_Period
1659 Quakers executed for religious beliefs. William Robinson and Marmaduke Stevenson, two Quakers who came from England in 1656 to escape religious persecution, are executed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony for their religious beliefs. The two had violated a law passed by the Massachusetts General Court the year before, banning Quakers from the colony under penalty of death.
The Religious Society of Friends, whose members are commonly known as Quakers, was a Christian movement founded by George Fox in England during the early 1650s. Quakers opposed central church authority, preferring to seek spiritual insight and consensus through egalitarian Quaker meetings. They advocated sexual equality and became some of the most outspoken opponents of slavery in early America. Robinson and Stevenson, who were hanged from an elm tree on Boston Common in Boston, were the first Quakers to be executed in America. Quakers found solace in Rhode Island and other colonies, and Massachusetts' anti-Quaker laws were later repealed.
In the mid 18th century, John Woolman, an abolitionist Quaker, traveled the American colonies, preaching and advancing the anti-slavery cause. He organized boycotts of products made by slave labor and was responsible for convincing many Quaker communities to publicly denounce slavery. Another of many important abolitionist Quakers was Lucretia Mott, who worked on the Underground Railroad in the 19th century, helping lead fugitive slaves to freedom in the Northern states and Canada. In later years, Mott was a leader in the movement for women's rights.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Robinson_(martyr)#Stephenson_and_Robinson
1682 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia#History
1682 English Quaker colonist and founder of Pennsylvania William Penn (1644–1718) arrived in America.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penn
1764 A "very remarkable storm of snow with high winds" produced 22 inches at Rutland in central Massachusetts. (David Ludlum)
"]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Asbury
1775 US Navy established. On October 27, 1775 John Adams was successful in persuading the Continental Congress to fit out "with all possible despatch" two vessels to be used to capture British shipping. By the end of the month two more were approved. The merchantmen Alfred, Columbus, Andrew Doria, and Cabot had land based cannon brought aboard and lashed down. Later, two schooners, the Wasp and the Fly and the sloops, Providence and Hornet were added.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Navy#Origins
1775 King George III speaks to Parliament of American rebellion. On this day in 1775, King George III speaks before both houses of the British Parliament to discuss growing concern about the rebellion in America, which he viewed as a traitorous action against himself and Great Britain. He began his speech by reading a "Proclamation of Rebellion" and urged Parliament to move quickly to end the revolt and bring order to the colonies.
The king spoke of his belief that "many of these unhappy people may still retain their loyalty, and may be too wise not to see the fatal consequence of this usurpation, and wish to resist it, yet the torrent of violence has been strong enough to compel their acquiescence, till a sufficient force shall appear to support them." With these words, the king gave Parliament his consent to dispatch troops to use against his own subjects, a notion that his colonists believed impossible.
Just as the Continental Congress expressed its desire to remain loyal to the British crown in the Olive Branch Petition, delivered to the monarch on September 1, so George III insisted he had "acted with the same temper; anxious to prevent, if it had been possible, the effusion of the blood of my subjects; and the calamities which are inseparable from a state of war; still hoping that my people in America would have discerned the traitorous views of their leaders, and have been convinced, that to be a subject of Great Britain, with all its consequences, is to be the freest member of any civil society in the known world." King George went on to scoff at what he called the colonists' "strongest protestations of loyalty to me," believing them disingenuous, "whilst they were preparing for a general revolt."
Unfortunately for George III, Thomas Paine's anti-monarchical argument in the pamphlet, Common Sense, published in January 1776, proved persuasive to many American colonists. The two sides had reached a final political impasse and the bloody War for Independence soon followed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_III#American_War_of_Independence
1780 The first U.S. astronomical expedition to record an eclipse of the sun observed the event which lasted from 11:11 am to 1:50 pm. The observers left about three weeks earlier, on 9 Oct from Harvard College, Cambridge, Mass., for Penobscot Bay, led by Samuel Williams. A boat was supplied by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts the four professors and six students. Although the U.S. was at war with Britain, the British officer in charge of Penobscot Bay permitted the expedition to land and set up equipment to observe the predicted total eclipse of the sun. The expedition was shocked to find itself outside the path of totality. They saw a thin arc of the sun instead of its complete obscuration by the moon.
1787 Federalist Papers first published. The Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles arguing for the ratification of the United States Constitution. The Federalist Papers initially appeared in three New York newspapers: the Independent Journal, the New-York Packet and the Daily Advertiser, beginning on October 27, 1787. The Federalist Papers serve as a primary source for interpretation of the Constitution, as they outline the philosophy and motivation of the proposed system of government. They were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalist_Papers
1795 Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. The treaty's full title is Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the United States. Thomas Pinckney negotiated the treaty for the United States and Don Manuel de Godoy represented Spain. Among other things, it ended the first phase of the West Florida Controversy, a dispute between the two nations over the boundaries of the Spanish colony of West Florida.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty
1810 United States annexes the former Spanish colony of West Florida.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Florida
1838 Missouri governor Lilburn Boggs issues the Extermination Order, which orders all Mormons to leave the state or be exterminated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extermination_Order_(Mormonism)
1858 RH Macy & Co opens first store, (6th Ave-NYC) Gross receipts $1106.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RH_Macy_and_Company_Store_(building)
1864 Battle of Hatcher's Run (Burgess Mill) Union troops are turned back when they try to cut the last railroad supplying the Confederate force in Petersburg, Virginia.
Since June, Union General Ulysses S. Grant had laid siege to Petersburg, just 25 miles south of the Confederate capital at Richmond. Confederate General Robert E. Lee's dwindling forces were stretched thin along miles of trenches, but the fortifications magnified the actual strength of his troops. Hatcher's Run was one of several attempts made by Grant in the summer and fall of 1864 to pry the Rebels from their positions.
With winter approaching, Grant decided to make one last attempt to capture the Southside Railroad that supplied Petersburg from the west. He instructed the Army of the Potomac's commander, General George Meade, to direct the operation. He ordered parts of three army corps, commanded by Generals Winfield Hancock, Gouverneur K. Warren, and John Parke, to advance in the early morning rain of October 23. The target was the Confederate trenches along Hatcher's Run, seven miles southwest of Petersburg. The plan called for Parke's and Warren's forces to make an assault, if possible, while Hancock's troops moved west around the end of the Confederate lines. They were to turn north and cut the railroad. The effort would involve 40,000 Yankee troops and 3,000 cavalry troopers.
Parke's and Warren's men found the trenches much more heavily defended than expected. They continued to maneuver to draw attention away from Hancock's advance, but an uneven advance created a gap in the Union lines. Meade slowed the advance to close the gap. By late afternoon, Confederate counterattacks threw Hancock's Second Corps into disarray. The fighting continued after dark, but when it ended no territory had changed hands, and the siege continued.
About 1,700 Yankee men were killed, wounded, and captured. Confederate losses were not reported but were thought to be less than 1,000, most of them captured. The battle was a disaster for the Union and caused the Lincoln administration embarrassment just a week before the presidential election. However, recent Yankee military successes in the Shenandoah Valley around Atlanta and in Mobile, Alabama, were enough to secure Lincoln's reelection.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hatcher%27s_Run
1871 Boss Tweed arrested after NY Times exposed his corruption. Tweed defrauded the city by having contractors present excessive bills for work performed- typically ranging from 15 to 65 percent more than the project actually cost. This extra money was divided among Tweed and his subordinates. The most excessive overcharging came in the form of the famous Tweed Courthouse, which cost the city $13 million to construct, most of it going to line the pockets of Tweed and his gang. The city was also billed $3,000,000 for city printing and stationery over a two-year period. The end came when one of the plunderers, dissatisfied with the amount he received, gave The New York Times evidence that conclusively proved that stealing was going on.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boss_Tweed
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbed_wire
1880 Theodore Roosevelt marries Alice Lee, on his 22nd birthday.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt
1889 Saint Casimir Lutheran Church, the first Lithuanian Lutheran church in America, was organized at Plymouth, Pennsylvania. The first pastor was Alexander Burba.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Lithuania
www.lituanus.org/1995_2/95_2_01.htm
1891 Philip B. Downing, inventor, was awarded a U.S. patent for an improvement to the street letter (mail) box. This improvement in the covering and opening of outdoor mailboxes protected mail from both intruders and weather. It is relatively unchanged to this day. (No. 462,093)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post_box#North_America
1904 The first underground and underwater rail system in the world, the New York City Subway, began operating. Even with elevated train lines springing up around the city, the need for an underground rapid transit railroad was obvious to clear street congestion and spread city development into the outlying areas. Almost 8,000 men participated in building the 21-mile (33.6 km) route, under chief engineer, William Barclay Parsons. Building the subway was a complex and dangerous task; at least 44 people died in the effort: This first rapid transit subway, the IRT (Interborough Rapid Transit), was opened in New York City by Mayor McLellan. The subway and bus fare was set at one nickel. The cars operated between the Brooklyn Bridge and 145 and Broadway.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Subway
1914 World War I: The British super-dreadnought battleship HMS Audacious (23,400 tons), is sunk off Tory Island, north-west of Ireland, by a minefield laid by the armed German merchant-cruiser Berlin.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Audacious_(1912)
1916 First published reference to "jazz" appears (Variety)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz
1917 Jascha Heifetz made his debut at Carnegie Hall in New York City. He elicited such observations as "only the molten gold of Fritz Kreisler can be conjured up in comparison" (Herbert F. Peyser) and "He is a modern miracle" (Pitts Sanborn). The ensuing year brought triumph after triumph, with critics vying with each other to offer the most extravagant superlatives.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jascha_Heifetz
1920 League of Nations moves headquarters in Geneva
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations
1925 Water skis patented by Fred Waller. Ralph Samuelson first succeeded on June 28 by starting off wearing skis while standing on top of an aquaplane board, and then slipping one foot and then the other into the water. However, this first trip only lasted a few seconds. He got up on the water with this method for the first time on July 2. Unfortunately, Samuelson did not patent his invention. Prolific inventor Fred Waller of New York was awarded a Patent for water skis on October 27, 1925, which he marketed as "Dolphin Akwa-Skees."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterskiing#History
1827 Henry U. Onderdonk (1789–1858), hymnist, was consecrated at Philadelphia as assistant bishop.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/o/n/d/onderdonk_hu.htm
1929 A snowstorm dumped 27 inches upon Ishpeming, MI, in 24 hours to establish a state record. (David Ludlum)
1936 Mrs Wallis Simpson files for divorce which would eventually allow her to marry King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, thus forcing his abdication from the throne.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallis_Simpson
1938 Du Pont announced a name for its new synthetic fiber yarn: "nylon".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_Pont
1941 Chicago Daily Tribune editorialize there will not be war with Japan.
1941 "Everything I Love", by Buddy Clark, was recorded on the Okeh label. Buddy Clark was one of the most popular male vocalists of the 1930s and 1940s, a success on radio, in movies, and on record -- had he lived longer. A fixture on the airwaves for his first decade and a half as a singer, Clark didn't hit his commercial stride until the end of the 1940s, with more than a dozen hits in scarcely two years -- when his life was tragically cut short by a plane crash. In the spring of 1947, Clark, now signed to Columbia Records, topped the charts for two weeks with the single "Linda" -- that record heralded a two year period of unbroken success for the singer. "Linda" was followed up with "How Are Things in Glocca Mora" from Finian's Rainbow, which made the Top Ten. "Peg O' My Heart" was another chart-topper, and it was followed by "An Apple Blossom Wedding," "Don't You Love Me Anymore" and "I'll Dance at Your Wedding."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Clark
1947 "This is Nora Drake" premiered on NBC radio. This long-running soap opera began on NBC, was heard on both NBC and CBS during 1948 and became exclusively a CBS show sometime in 1949. Bill Cullen was the show's original announcer, making it the only NBC show on which he worked in this early part of his career. Nora Drake was a career-oriented professional who could have had her pick of many eligible bachelors. She had the misfortune to fall in love with Dr. Ken Martinson, who -- in a moment of haste -- put her aside to marry nurse Peggy King. Peggy turned his life into misery maximized. Nora pined for Ken to obtain the divorce that Peggy told him he'd get over her dead body, setting in motion a waiting game; fans were sure the outcome would one day arrive.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Tompkins
1947 "You Bet Your Life", with Groucho Marx, premieres on ABC radio. The game itself was fairly straightforward: three couples were brought onstage, asked four questions and given $20 to wager as they chose. There was also a "secret word" which could net contestants extra money, and a jackpot question for the most successful couple. The key to the show's success was the quick-witted Groucho. Rarely at a loss for words, Marx freely engaged in unrehearsed banter with the contestants and announcer George Fenneman.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Bet_Your_Life
1954 Walt Disney's first TV show, "Disneyland," premieres on ABC. The program Disneyland debuted on 27 October 1954, and quickly became ABC's first series to hit the top ten in ratings. A number of early episodes showed old Disney films or promoted new ones. (A documentary chronicling the filming of the upcoming 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea added to the audience for that film and also earned Disney his first Emmy award, for best documentary.) The program's success was clinched in December 1954 with the introduction of the first of three episodes focusing on Davy Crockett. The day after the 15 December telecast of "Davy Crockett, Indian Fighter," Crockett mania swept through the country.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_anthology_television_series
1954 Benjamin O. Davis Jr. becomes the first African-American general in the United States Air Force.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_O._Davis,_Jr.
1956 "Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel" by Elvis Presley topped the charts.
1962 "Monster Mash" by Bobby Pickett & the Crypt Kickers topped the charts. Pickett took the song to Gary Paxton, who was lead singer of The Hollywood Argyles, who had the hit "Alley Oop." They recorded the song Paxton and studio musicians Leon Russell, Johnny McCrae and Rickie Page, who were credited as "The Cryptkickers." The "Mash" in the song was inspired by the "Mashed Potato" dance craze. This being 1962, many of the sound effects had to be created in the studio. The coffin opening was a nail being pulled from a board; other noises were made by blowing bubbles through a straw and dropping chains on the floor.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_Mash
1962 Major Rudolf Anderson of the United States Air Force becomes the only direct human casualty of the Cuban Missile Crisis when his U-2 reconnaissance airplane is shot down in Cuba by a Soviet-supplied SA-2 Guideline surface-to-air missile.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Anderson
1962 An early season winter storm over New England blanketed northern Maine with 7 to 16 inches of snow, and southeastern New England with up to 3 inches of snow. Worcester MA received a record 4.7 inches of snow. (The Weather Channel)
1963 Peter, Paul and Mary and "Blowin' In the Wind" topped the album charts. With "If I Had a Hammer" wafting over the AM airwaves, the Peter, Paul Mary LP rose to number one and subsequently spent years on the charts. Their second album, Moving, released in January of 1963, got off to a slightly slower start, but it found its way to number two and a 99-week run with help from "Puff (The Magic Dragon)," a song that Peter Yarrow had written in college. The single rose to number two that spring and became one of the most beloved children's songs of all time, as well as the trio's passport through any potential controversy.
1964 Ronald Reagan delivers a speech on behalf of Republican candidate for president, Barry Goldwater. The speech launched his political career and came to be known as "A Time for Choosing".
1966 Ambassador Harriman sent to explain Manila offer. U.S. Ambassador-at-Large Averell Harriman visits 10 nations to explain the results of the Manila conference and the current U.S. evaluation of the situation in Southeast Asia.
Harriman, acting as Johnson's personal emissary, visited leaders in Ceylon, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, Iran, Italy, France, West Germany, Britain, and Morocco to explain the results of the Manila conference and the "Declaration of Peace" signed there by Allied leaders with troops in Vietnam. They pledged they would pull their troops out of Vietnam within six months after all North Vietnamese troops were withdrawn from South Vietnam. Harriman reported to the president on November 11 that the pledge was received favorably and "Every country in the world wants to see peace, with the exception of Red China and North Vietnam." The Communist Chinese news agency Hsinhua had already denounced the Manila pledge as "out-and-out blackmail and shameless humbug." The North Vietnamese did not respond favorably to the Manila pledge and it had no impact on the conduct of the war, which continued unabated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Averell_Harriman
1967 Catholic priest Philip Berrigan and others of the Baltimore Four protest the Vietnam War by pouring blood on Selective Service records.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Berrigan
1969 Ralph Nader sets up a consumer organization known as Nader's Raiders
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nader_Report_on_the_Federal_Trade_Commission
1970 Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber release Jesus Christ Superstar. From the late 1950s to the mid 1960s, it was common for original cast recordings of successful Broadway musicals to find their way up near the top of the pop album charts. Hit shows like West Side Story, The Sound of Music and Funny Girl, among several others, all spun off million-selling albums during this era, but by the late 1960s, the pop album charts had been decisively taken over by rock. It was in this environment that a young British composer and his lyricist partner managed to achieve a massive success by precisely reversing the old formula. On this day in 1970, Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice, who would go on to become the most successful composer-lyricist team in modern theater history, released a double-LP "concept" album called Jesus Christ Superstar, which only later would become the smash-hit Broadway musical of the same name.
Jesus Christ Superstar was the third musical written by Lloyd Webber and Rice, following on The Likes of Us, which was staged for the first time in 2005, and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, which saw only limited performances in various English churches between 1968 and 1970. Superstar grew out of Tim Rice's longtime fascination with Judas Iscariot, whom he conceived not as a craven betrayer of Jesus, but rather as a dear friend struggling with the implications of Jesus' growing celebrity. Although the musical would later find broad support among leaders of liberal Christian churches, it was nevertheless too controversial to gain the financial backing necessary for a stage production. Lloyd Webber and Rice therefore chose to package Superstar as an album first.
Working with a cast that included Murray Head—later of the pop hit "One Night In Bangkok" (1985)—in the role of Judas, and Yvonne Elliman—of the 1977 #1 hit "If I Can't Have You"—as Mary Magdalene, Lloyd Webber and Rice recorded the Jesus Christ Superstar album in the summer of 1970 and released it in Britain and the United States the following fall.
Then as now, Lloyd Webber and Rice had their detractors in the critical establishment. Writing for The New York Times, critic Don Heckman questioned whether this new "rock opera" deserved praise either as rock or as an opera. "As rock, it leaves much to be desired," he wrote. And in relation to 20th-century operas by the likes of Stravinsky and Gershwin, Heckman argued, "The comparison is pretty devastating."
Nevertheless the Jesus Christ Superstar album spawned a Top 40 single in versions of "I Don't Know How To Love Him" by both Yvonne Elliman and Helen Reddy, and it shot all the way to the top of the Billboard album charts in early 1971, paving the way for a smash Broadway opening later that year.
[a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar"]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_Christ_Superstar[/a][/url]
1971 Cambodian troops battle Communists north of Phnom Penh. Fighting intensifies as Cambodian government forces battle with Khmer Rouge, Viet Cong, and North Vietnamese forces northeast of Phnom Penh. In March 1970, a coup led by Cambodian General Lon Nol had overthrown the government of Prince Norodom Sihanouk in Phnom Penh. Lon Nol and his army, the Forces Armees Nationale Khmer (FANK), with U.S. support and military aid, fought the Communist Khmer Rouge for control of Cambodia. In addition, the government forces had to contend with the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong, who continued to use Cambodia as a sanctuary for their forces attacking into South Vietnam. In this round of the fighting, the major engagements occurred around the provincial capitals of Kompong Thom and Rumlong. The Communists began a siege of these garrisons after their demolition frogmen destroyed a crucial bridge along Route 6, the main supply line for the 20,000 Cambodians on the northeast front. Some 400 government soldiers were reported dead as a result of the combat.
1973 "Midnight Train to Georgia" by Gladys Knight & the Pips topped the charts. "Midnight Train to Georgia" was written and originally recorded by Jim Weatherly as "Midnight Plane To Houston." The name was changed (with Weatherly's OK) when Cissy Houston (Whitney's mom, Dionne Warwick's cousin) recorded it. Weatherly agreed to alter the title only if the rest of the lyrics were not changed.The third and fourth singles off the album didn't do too badly either -- "I've Got to Use My Imagination" peaked at #4 in the US, "Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me" #3.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladys_Knight_%26_the_Pips
1973 The Cañon City meteorite, a 1.4 kg chondrite type meteorite, strikes in Fremont County, Colorado.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite_fall
1974 ABC hit pay dirt this day with the first televised showing of the box office hit, "The Poseidon Adventure"
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Poseidon_Adventure_(1972_film)
1978 The complete New International Version of the Bible was published by Zondervan Publishers of Grand Rapids, Michigan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_International_Version
1980 Dave Gryllis sets world bicycle speed record of 59 mph. David Miles Grylls (b 1957) is a retired track cyclist from the United States. He represented his native country at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, where he won the silver medal in the men's 4.000m team pursuit, alongside Steve Hegg, Leonard Nitz and Patrick McDonough.
1986 NY Mets beat Boston Red Sox, 4 games to 3 in 83rd World Series
1987 Showers and thunderstorms produced locally heavy rain from Virginia to New York State. Fallen leaves made roads and sidewalks slick, and also clogged sewers. Rainfall totals of 1.55 inches at Newark NJ, 1.54 inches at Harrisburg PA, 1.27 inches at Scranton PA, and 1.22 inches at Atlantic City NJ, were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary)
1988 "ET" released to home video (14 million presold).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ET_(movie)
1988 Ronald Reagan decides to tear down the new U.S. Embassy in Moscow because of Soviet listening devices in the building structure.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_Schwirkmann
[urlhttp://www.sfgate.com/news/article/U-S-Finally-Opens-Moscow-Embassy-Building-was-2714015.php][/url]
1989 After a 10 day delay due to earthquake, World Series game 3 is played. When an earthquake hit on October 17, Commissioner Fay Vincent immediately announced the postponement of Game 3 and everyone was ordered to vacate the stadium before darkness set in. Oakland returned just as they had left with a record-tying five home runs including two by Dave Henderson and one each by Jose Canseco, Carney Lansford and Tony Phillips. A well-rested Stewart held the Giants to three runs and five hits for the 13-7 triumph. The victory made Stewart, (winner of sixty-two regular-season games in the last three years) the first man in history to record two victories in the same season in both the League Championship Series and the Fall Classic.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Series_Earthquake
1988 - Low pressure brought snow and gale force winds to the Great Lakes Region, and snow and high winds to the north central U.S. Winds gusted to 47 mph at Lansing MI, and reached 55 mph at Pierre SD. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 Wintry weather invaded the northwestern U.S. A storm crossing the Central Rockies produced up to 23 inches of snow in the mountains east of Salt Lake City UT. "Indian Summer" continued in the Lower Ohio Valley and the Upper Great Lakes Region. Afternoon highs of 71 degrees at Marquette MI and 72 degrees at Sault Ste Marie MI were records for the date. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1992 Nintendo of America, Inc. registered the configuration of its hand-held game machine.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo_of_America#Offices_and_locations
1992 United States Navy radioman Allen R. Schindler, Jr. is murdered by shipmate Terry M. Helvey for being gay, precipitating first military, then national, debate about gays in the military that resulted in the United States "Don't ask, don't tell" military policy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_R._Schindler,_Jr.
1994 The U.S. prison population tops 1 million for the first time in American history.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States
1997 The U.S. released a redesigned $50 bill. The redesigned $50 note and consequent denominations will include a large dark numeral on a lightbackground on the back of the note that will make it easier for the more than 3.7 million Americans with low vision to denominate the note. The feature will also be useful to the 10 million Americans with milder forms of visual impairment and other usersof U.S. currency in low-light situations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_fifty-dollar_bill
1997 Stock markets around the world crash because of fears of a global economic meltdown. The Dow Jones Industrial Average plummets 554.26 points to 7,161.15. For the first time, the New York Stock Exchange activates its "circuit breakers" twice during the day eventually making the controversial move of closing the Exchange early.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_27,_1997_mini-crash
2003 A new US stamp was dedicated to Theodore Geisel, creator of Dr. Seuss.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_geisel
2004 The Boston Red Sox win the World Series for the first time in 86 years breaking the Curse of the Bambino. The Sox swept the Series over the St. Louis Cardinals. The Boston team became the 18th in major league history to sweep its opponents in the World Series, and the 4th team to keep its opponent from obtaining the lead at any time in the Series. Considering American professional sports history in general, Boston became the 153rd team to make a series sweep, and the 25th team to have never trailed in a best-of-seven series. Boston led St. Louis at the end of 35 out of 36 total innings of play. Boston pitcher Derek Lowe became the first pitcher in history to be the winning pitcher in the series-clinching game in three postseason series and the first to win both the LCS and WS clinchers since Randy Johnson in 2001.
2006 Chick-fil-A founder takes last Ford Taurus. On October 27, 2006, the last Ford Taurus rolls off the assembly line in Hapeville, Georgia. The keys to the silver car went to 85-year-old Truett Cathy, the founder of the Chick-fil-A fast-food franchise, who took it straight to his company's headquarters in Atlanta and added it to an elaborate display that included 19 other cars, including one of the earliest Fords. "I do have this disease of collecting cars," Cathy told a reporter. "I was very sorry [the workers at the Ford plant] lost their jobs," he said, but "since I was gonna get the keys, I was glad for that."
When Ford added the Taurus to its lineup in 1985, the company was struggling. High fuel prices made its heavy, gas-guzzling cars unattractive to American buyers, especially compared to the high-quality foreign cars that had been flooding the market since the middle of the 1970s. The Taurus was smaller than the typical Ford family car, and its aerodynamic styling appealed to design-conscious buyers. Almost immediately, the car was a hit: Ford sold 263,000 in 1985 alone. Sales figures climbed higher each year, and in 1992, the Taurus became the best-selling passenger car in the United States. (It wrested this title away from the Honda Accord, and kept it for the next five years.) It was, according to the Henry Ford Museum, "a winner in the marketplace that saved Ford Motor from disaster."
But by the 2000s, the Taurus had lost much of its appeal. Even after a 1996 facelift, its once cutting-edge design now looked dated, and it still did not have the fuel efficiency of its Japanese counterparts. (In fact, in contrast to cars like the Accord and the Toyota Camry, which overtook the Taurus to become the nation's best-selling car, by the mid-1990s Ford was selling the majority of its Tauruses to rental-car companies, not individuals.) Ford discontinued the Taurus station wagon at the end of 2004, and idled the Hapeville plant—across the street from the original Chick-fil-A—two years later. Fifteen hundred workers lost their jobs.
In place of the Taurus, Ford pushed its full-size Five Hundred sedan along with its midsize Fusion. Neither sold especially well, however, and in 2007 the company re-released the Taurus (actually just a renamed version of the Five Hundred). It unveiled a revamped, sportier Taurus in July 2009.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Taurus
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