Post by farmgal on Oct 21, 2012 22:59:08 GMT -5
October 22 is the 296th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 70 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days left until November 06, 2012 15
Countdown until Obama leaves Office
www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1586 Sixtus V issued Christiana Pietas, a papal bull that ameliorated the restrictions placed on Jews by his papal predecessors. Among other things, the papal bull allowed the reprinting of the Talmud and other Jewish books provided that they had properly been censored before publication.
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0004_0_03728.html
1746 Princeton University (NJ) received its charter. The Corporation now known as The Trustees of Princeton University had its origin in a Charter, granted under King George the Second on October 22, 1746. The Charter, which has been amended several times, now states: "The purposes of the corporation are the conduct of a university not for profit, including colleges and schools affiliated therewith, in various branches within or without the State of New Jersey, both graduate and undergraduate; the promotion, advancement, evaluation and dissemination of learning by instruction, study and research in the humanities, religion, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering and applied sciences ..."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University
1790 Warriors of the Miami tribe under Chief Little Turtle defeat United States troops under General Josiah Harmar at the site of present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the Northwest Indian War.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Little_Turtle
1820 The General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized.
1835: During the Texas War for Independence Albert Moses Levy who had come to Texas as a member of the the New Orleans Greys and who had been appointed surgeon in chief of the volunteer army of Texas began his army career which last would less than five months before he transferred to Republic’s fledgling Navy. In 1986, the state of Texas would institute Albert Moses Levy Day to honor Levy and all of his fellow Jews who served during the War for Independence.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_war_for_independence
1836 Sam Houston inaugurated as first elected president of the Republic of Texas
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Houston
1844 William Miller, a Baptist minister, gained a large following, predicting that Christ would return on this day, October 22, 1844. His theories were not far-fetched if one accepted interpretations in vogue through much of church history. The argument goes something like this: The prophet Daniel's eighth chapter speaks of 2,300 days. Many of the greatest scholars of the church (Augustine and Bede for example) took these days to stand for years. 490 years (the seventy "weeks" mentioned in Daniel 9:24) were "cut off" from the 2,300 years, leaving 1810 years. It was assumed that Christ died early in 31 ad. with 3-1/2 years of Daniel's 70th week still to run. Adding those 3-1/2 years to 31 ad. brings us to late 34 ad, at which time the 1810 remaining years supposedly began. 1810 + 34 brings us to 1844. Technical considerations placed the date in October 1844. As many as 100,000 followers gathered at the predicted time in makeshift temples and on hillsides to "meet the bridegroom." Christ did not appear. Humiliated by what has been called "The Great Disappointment," some Millerites shucked their faith completely. Led by Miller, others formed the Adventists. The majority returned to more traditional churches.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)
1867 The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of New York was organized at Red Hook, New York.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=N&word=NEWYORK.EVANGELICALLUTHERANSYNODOF
1872 Thomas A. Edison was issued patents for an improvement in "Paper for Chemical Telegraphs" and for an improved "Apparatus for Perforating Paper for Telegraph Use" (U.S. Nos.132455, -6). The chemical paper Edison had previously designed used a solution of potassium iodide and starch adhered to paper and used while moist. He noted that when dry, the starch tended to crack and peel from paper. He patented an improvement using a very thin paste of flour and water that with the solution of potassium iodide would pentrate the paper fabric. In the second patent, Edison described a compact machine to punch perforated tape used to transmit telegraphic messages. Keys could punch either a single hole for a dot or three holes for a dash.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Edison
1878 Thomas A. Edison was issued a patent for "Quadruplex-Telegraph Repeaters" (U.S. No. 209,241). This invention is an improved method for one quadruplex circuit to repeat into another quadruplex circuit. The patent describes the electromagnets, local circuits, switches and connections. The circuits work into and operate each other, so that the message are repeated automatically into one circuit by the receiving instrument of the other circuit, instead of the finger key being operated by hand.
1875 Sons of the American Revolution organized. The official organ of the society for 1902 states that the pioneer society of the Sons of the American Revolution was organized on Oct. 22, 1875, in California, where it was known as the "Society of the Sons of Revolutionary Sires." The national society was organized in New York, April 30, 1889, the 100th anniversary of the inauguration of George Washington as president of the United States, in the room in Fraunce's Tavern where he delivered his farewell address to the officers of the Revolutionary army.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution
1883 Original Metropolitan Opera House (NYC) grand opening. The building's yellow-brick facade along Broadway was not particularly ornate, owing in part to the rent-producing apartments added to the structure. The cavernous red-and-gold interior, however, offered more boxes than New York had millionaires-three tiers of 36 boxes.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_St)
1888 The English Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri began its organizational convention.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=m&word=MISSOURIANDOTHERSTATES.THEENGLISHEVANGELICALLUTHERANSYNODOF
1899 American Presbyterian missionary James B. Rodgers, 34, baptized his first Filipino converts to the Christian faith, thus inaugurating the beginning of Philippine Protestant churches
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2c/Tom_Horn.jpg
1903 Tom Horn is hanged in Wyoming. On this day in 1903, the infamous hired killer, Tom Horn, is hanged for having allegedly murdered Willie Nickell, the 14-year-old son of a southern Wyoming sheep rancher.
Some historians have since questioned whether Horn really killed the boy, pointing out that the jury convicted him solely on the basis of a drunken confession that Horn supposedly made to a detective. The jury also seems to have failed to give adequate weight to the testimony of a number of credible witnesses who claimed Horn could not possibly have committed the crime. Yet even Horn's defenders in the Nickell case do not dispute that he was a brutal hired killer who was unquestionably responsible for many other deaths.
Born in 1860 in Memphis, Missouri, Horn reportedly showed an aptitude for hunting and marksmanship at an early age. After moving westward in the mid-1870s, Horn was at various times a cowboy, miner, army scout, deputy sheriff, and packer for the Rough Riders in Cuba, but his most notorious career was as a hired gun. Horn first worked for the famous Pinkerton Detective Agency which hired him to track down and apprehend—violently if necessary—western outlaws who were preying on Pinkerton clients, like banks and railroads that could afford to pay for private law enforcement where the public system failed them. But after four years as a Pinkerton, Horn had become bored; and in 1894 he signed on as a hired killer with the privately run Wyoming Cattlemen's Association. For several years the big Wyoming cattlemen had been fighting a vigilante war in Johnson County against a diverse group of small farmers, sheep ranchers, and rustlers who were resisting their domination. By 1894, negative publicity had made a public war too costly. Instead, the ranchers shifted to more stealthy means, hiring Horn to use his gun-handling skills to deadly effect by ambushing and murdering any man the ranchers marked as a troublemaker. Since he often shot from as much as 200 yards away, most of Horn's victims never even knew what hit them.
Some historians suggest that Horn may have murdered Willie Nickell by accident, having mistaken the boy for his father. Others, though, argue that it is more likely that Horn was deliberately convicted for a crime he did not commit by Wyoming citizens seeing an opportunity to take revenge.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Horn
1907 Panic of 1907: A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will lead to a depression.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1907
1912 Thomas A. Edison was issued patents for a "Conveyor" related to a cement kiln, and for a "Phonograph-Stylus" formed of crystallized boron, which because of its hardness (in fact, much harder than sapphire) could operate on sound records formed from hard materials without wearing away. Small crystals of boron could be formed in an electric furnace, and were easier to polish than diamond, while not being as fragile. (U.S. Nos. 1,041,756 and 1,041,983).
1924 Toastmasters International is founded.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toastmasters_International
1927 Nikola Tesla exposed his six (6) new inventions including motor with onephase electricity.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla
1934 In East Liverpool, Ohio, Federal Bureau of Investigation agents shoot and kill notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Boy_Floyd
1938 Xerography was demonstrated by Chester F. Carlson. With his assistant, Otto Kornei, Carlson used a sulphur coating on a zinc plate, vigorously rubbed with a handkerchief to apply an electrostatic charge. A glass slide was prepared using India ink to write "10-22-38 ASTORIA," then laid on the sulphur surface in a darkened room. After illuminating them with a bright incandescent lamp for a few seconds, the slide was removed. When lycopodium powder was sprinkled on the sulphur surface and blown off, there remained a near-perfect image of the writing. Permanent copies were made by transferring the powder images to wax paper and heating the sheets to melt the wax. Xerox is a term coming from "xerography" which means dry writing and is a trademark.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerography
1939 First TV NFL game-Eagles vs Dodgers. On October 12, 1939, the Philadelphia Eagles lost the first televised game 23-14 to the Brooklyn Dodgers. The game was played in Brooklyn's Ebbetts Field before 13,000 fans and broadcast to approx. 1,000 television sets in New York City without the knowledge of the players.
1941 World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_M%C3%B4quet
1943 World War II: in the Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.
1944 World War II: Battle of Aachen: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, making it the first German city to fall to the Allies.
1949 "That Lucky Old Sam" by Frankie Laine topped the charts. "That's My Desire" hit number four in the American charts in 1947, and Laine re-entered the Top Ten in 1948 with "Shine." He hit the big time the following year, with two huge number one hits, "That Lucky Old Sun" and "Mule Train." Another chart-topper, 1950's "The Cry of the Wild Goose," was his last for Mercury, and he signed with Columbia just one year later.
1952 The complete Jewish Torah was published in English for the first time. A collection of oral and written commentary (dating 200 BC to AD 500) on the first five books of the Old Testament, the Torah comprises the basic religious code of Judaism.
1957 Vietnam War: First United States casualties in Vietnam.
1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation.
1965 The temperature soared to 104 degrees at San Diego, CA. Southern California was in the midst of a late October heat wave that year. Los Angeles had ten consecutive days with afternoon highs reaching 100 degrees. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
1966 The Supremes become the first all-female music group to attain a No. 1 selling album (The Supremes A' Go-Go).
1968 Apollo program: Apollo 7 safely splashes down in the Atlantic Ocean after orbiting the Earth 163 times.
1971 Joan Baez earns gold for "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down." In March 1968, Baez had married antiwar protest leader David Harris, who was imprisoned as a draft evader. Harris was a country music fan, and Baez's turn toward country, which continued on David's Album (June 1969) and One Day at a Time (March 1970), reflected his taste. Blessed Are... (August 1971) was a gold-selling double album that spawned a gold Top Ten hit in Baez's cover of the Band's "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down."
1972 Vietnam War: In Saigon, Henry Kissinger and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu meet to discuss a proposed cease-fire that had been worked out between Americans and North Vietnamese in Paris.
1972 Oakland A's first championship; beat Reds, 4 games to 3 in the World Series. The A's win their first World Championship in 42 years with a 3-2 victory in game 7. Gene Tenace has two RBI in the game. Tenace, who had only five home runs in the regular season has four in the World Series, is named MVP.
1976 Rick Barry (SF), begins then longest NBA free throw streak of 60.
1976 Red Dye No. 4 is banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it is discovered that it causes tumors in the bladders of dogs. The dye is still used in Canada.
1977 "You Light Up My Life" by Debbie Boone topped the charts.
1979 Walt Disney World's 100-millionth guest - Kurt Miller
1981 The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization was decertified. On August 3, 1981 almost 13,000 air traffic controllers went on strike after months of negotiations with the federal government. In response to the walkout, President Ronald Reagan issued one of the defining statements of his presidency. He said the striking air-traffic controllers were in violation of the law; if they did not report to work within 48 hours, their jobs would be terminated. The Federal Labor Relations Authority de-certified PATCO. Later, new air-traffic controllers, hired in the wake of the strike, organize a new union to represent them, the National Air Traffic Controllers Association.
1983 Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.
1984 Paul McCartney releases "Give My Regards to Broad Street" soundtrack.
1985 A guest on the top floor of a hotel in Seattle, WA, was seriously injured while talking on the phone when lightning struck. Several persons are killed each year when the electrical charge from a lightning bolt travels via telephone wiring. (The Weather Channel)
1987 Yakutat, AK, surpassed their previous all-time yearly precipitation total of 190 inches. Monthly records were set in June with 17 inches, in September with 70 inches, and in October with more than 40 inches. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) Twenty-two cities in the eastern U.S., most of them in the southeast states, reported record low temperatures for the date. Morning lows of 30 degrees at Athens GA, 28 degrees at Birmingham AL, and 23 degrees at Pinson AL, were the coldest of record for so early in the season. (The National Weather Summary) Showers produced heavy rain in southern California, with amounts ranging up to five inches at Blue Jay. Flash flooding resulted in two deaths, ten injuries, and more than a million dollars damage. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - A "nor'easter" swept across the coast of New England. Winds gusted to 75 mph, and large waves and high tides caused extensive shoreline flooding. A heavy wet snow blanketed much of eastern New York State, with a foot of snow reported in Lewis County. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1983 Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.
1989 A storm system moving out of the Gulf of Alaska brought rain to the Northern and Central Pacific Coast Region, with snow in some of the mountains of Oregon, and wind gusts to 60 mph along the Oregon coast. Six cities in Florida reported record low temp-eratures for the date, including Tallahassee with a reading of 34 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1991 The European Community and the European Free Trade Association concluded a landmark accord to create a free trade zone of 19 nations by 1993.
1992 Red Barber—the legendary announcer for the Brooklyn Dodgers, with a voice that one sportswriter called "a spoonful of sugar drifting through a glass of iced tea"—dies. He was 84 years old. In an era when almost every major league baseball team had a distinct voice—Mel Allen for the Yankees, Curt Gowdy for the Red Sox, Harry Caray for the Cards—Barber’s erudite-but-homespun Mississippi twang was the Dodgers. He pioneered a colorful, reportorial style of play-by-play narration that generations of broadcasters have imitated: He gave his listeners a scrupulously detailed but carefully nonpartisan version of the events on the field, so that they could feel like they were sitting in the stands themselves.
Barber’s baseball-broadcasting career began with the Cincinnati Reds in 1934, when the 26-year-old announcer called the first major league game he had ever seen, and ended in 1966 when the New York Yankees fired him for noting on air that only 413 people had come to watch the last-place Bombers play. But from 1939 to 1953, his years as the play-by-play announcer for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Barber became a citywide celebrity. He invented an entirely new vocabulary that was nevertheless almost instantly familiar to anyone who listened to his broadcasts for more than a few minutes. To Barber, the baseball diamond was "the pea patch." An argument was "a rhubarb." A sure-thing game was "tied up in the crocus sack" and a team that had a game well in hand was "sitting in the catbird seat." Everyone who heard Barber say that the bases were "FOB" knew he meant that they were full of Brooklyn players; likewise, listeners knew that a player who was "assuming the ballistic burden" was coming in to relieve the pitcher.
Meanwhile, Barber broadcast some of baseball’s most important moments: the first night game and the first televised game, for example, along with Jackie Robinson’s first game as a Dodger and Roger Maris’ record-breaking home run. Fans adored him--once, after the Dodgers won the pennant, they mobbed him as he left Ebbets Field and pulled out handfuls of his hair to keep as souvenirs. During baseball season, his voice was everywhere. "People tell me you could walk through Brooklyn without a radio and still hear Red describe the game," sportscaster Bob Costas said. "You wouldn't miss a pitch because it would come from an apartment windowsill, from a storefront, from a car radio with its window open."
In 1978, Red Barber and Mel Allen were the first announcers to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Three years later, Barber’s vivid, literate broadcast style won him a whole new generation of fans when he joined newsman Bob Edwards for four minutes every Friday morning on NPR’s Morning Edition to talk about politics, gardening, family—and, of course, baseball.
Births
1734 Daniel Boone (d 1820) American pioneer, explorer, and frontiersman whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now the Commonwealth of Kentucky (Kentucky), which was then beyond the western borders of the settled part of Thirteen Colonies (This region legally belonged to both the Commonwealth of Virginia and to the American Indian Tribes.) Despite some resistance from American Indian tribes such as the Shawnee, in 1775 Boone blazed his Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap in the Appalachian Mountains - from North Carolina and Tennessee into Kentucky. There he founded the village of Boonesborough, Kentucky, one of the first English-speaking settlements west of the Appalachians. Before the end of the 18th century, more than 200,000 European people migrated to Kentucky/Virginia by following the route marked by Boone.
1735 James Manning was born near Elizabethtown, New Jersey. A Baptist leader and close friend of Isaac Backus, he became the first president of Rhode Island College (now Brown University).
1808 John Addyman, pioneer Methodist pastor in Canada, was born in Leeds, Yorkshire County, England (d. 7 Jun 1887).
1821 Collis Potter Huntington (d 1900) one of the Big Four of western railroading (along with Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker) who built the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad. Huntington then helped lead and develop other major interstate lines such as the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, which he was recruited to help complete. The C&O, completed in 1873, fulfilled a long-held dream of Virginians of a rail link from the James River at Richmond to the Ohio River Valley. The new railroad facilities adjacent to the river there resulted in expansion of the former small town of Guyandotte, West Virginia into part of a new city which was named Huntington in his honor.
1843 Stephen Moulton Babcock (d 1931) American agricultural research chemist, often called the father of scientific dairying, chiefly because of his development of the Babcock test (1890), a simple method of measuring the butterfat content of milk. It consists in liberating the fat globules by dissolving the casein in a strong acid and then separating the fat by means of a centrifuge. The test discouraged milk adulteration and provided for the first time an adequate standard by which fair payment for milk could be determined, stimulated improvement of dairy production, and aided in factory manufacture of cheese and butter. He worked for 43 years at the University of Wisconsin, where he established a laboratory where he carried out pioneering research in nutrition and in the chemistry of vitamins.
1881 Clinton Joseph Davisson (d 1958) American experimental physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1937 with George P. Thomson of England for discovering that electrons can be diffracted like light waves. Davisson studied the effect of electron bombardment on surfaces, and observed (1925) the angle of reflection could depend on crystal orientation. Following Louis de Broglie's theory of the wave nature of particles, he realized that his results could be due to diffraction of electrons by the pattern of atoms on the crystal surface. Davisson worked with Lester Germer in an experiment in which electrons bouncing off a nickel surface produced wave patterns similar to those formed by light reflected from a diffraction grating, and supporting de Broglie's electron wavelength = (h/p).
1887 John Silas "Jack" Reed (d 1920) American journalist, poet, and communist activist, best remembered for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ten Days that Shook the World. He was married to writer and feminist Louise Bryant.
1896 Charles Glen King (d 1988) American biochemist who discovered vitamin C, an aid in the prevention of scurvy and malnutrition. After five years of painstaking research extracting components from lemon juice, in 1932, King isolated vitamin C. Its structure was quickly determined and it was synthesized by scientists such as Haworth and Reichstein in 1933. Also known as ascorbic acid, (a- = not, without; scorbus = scurvy), vitamin C is a colourless crystalline water-soluble vitamin found especially in citrus fruits and green vegetables. Most organisms synthesize it from glucose but man and other primates and various other species must obtain it from their diet. It is required for the maintenance of healthy connective tissue; deficiency leads to scurvy. Vitamin C is readily destroyed by heat and light.
1902 Frank Harold Spedding (d 1984) American chemist who, during the 1940s and '50s, developed processes for reducing individual rare-earth elements to the metallic state at low cost, thereby making these substances available to industry at reasonable prices. Earlier, upon the discovery of nuclear fission in 1939, the U.S. government asked leading scientists to join in the development of nuclear energy. In 1942, Iowa State College's Frank H. Spedding, an expert in the chemistry of rare earths, agreed to set up the Ames portion of the Manhattan Project, resulting in an easy and inexpensive procedure to produce high quality uranium. Between 1942 and 1945, almost two million pounds of uranium was processed on campus, in the old Popcorn Laboratory.
1903 George Wells Beadle (d 1989) American geneticist who helped found biochemical genetics when he showed that genes affect heredity genes act by regulating definite chemical events. He shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Edward Tatum and Joshua Lederberg. Beadle and Tatum succeeded in demonstrating that the body substances are synthesized in the individual cell step by step in long chains of chemical reactions, and that genes control these processes by individually regulating definite steps in the synthesis chain. This regulation takes place through formation by the gene of special enzymes.
1903 Curly Howard, born Jerome Lester Horwitz, Howard was one of the Three Stooges, along with his brother Moe Howard and Larry Fine. (d. 1952)
1905 Karl Guthe Jansky (d 1950) American electrical engineer who discovered cosmic radio emissions in 1932. At Bell Laboratories in NJ, Jansky was tracking down the crackling static noises that plagued overseas telephone reception. He found certain radio waves came from a specific region on the sky every 23 hours and 56 minutes, from the direction of Sagittarius toward the center of the Milky Way. In the publication of his results, he suggested that the radio emission was somehow connected to the Milky Way and that it originated not from stars but from ionized interstellar gas. At the age of 26, Jansky had made a historic discovery - that celestial bodies could emit radio waves as well as light waves.
1907 James Emory "Jimmie" Foxx (d 1967) (nicknamed Double X and The Beast) was a right-handed American first baseman and noted power hitter in Major League Baseball. Foxx was the second major league player to hit 500 career home runs, after Babe Ruth; and, at age 32 years 336 days, is the second youngest to reach that mark, behind Alex Rodriguez. His three career Most Valuable Player awards are tied for second all-time.
1908 John Thomas Gould (d 2003) American humorist, essayist, and columnist who wrote a column for the Christian Science Monitor for over sixty years from a farm in Lisbon Falls, Maine. He was published in most major American newspapers and magazines and wrote thirty books.
1920 Timothy Leary, American writer (d. 1996)
1933 Donald Herod Peterson retired United States Air Force officer and a former USAF and NASA astronaut
1936 Bobby Seale, American civil rights activist.
1938 Christopher Lloyd, American actor.
1942 Annette Joanne Funicello American singer and actress. She was Walt Disney's most popular cast member of The Mickey Mouse Club,[1] and went on to appear in a series of beach party films.
1947 Haley Barbour, American politician, 63rd Governor of Mississippi
Deaths
741 Charles Martel or Charles the Hammer, credited with saving Europe from Islam by defeating the Moors at the Battle of Tours. This effectively meant, that Islamic culture would remain south of the Pyrenees in what is modern day Spain. Although fighting would continue between invading Moslem armies and defending Christian armies, most of Europe was destined to be Christian. This division would have profound consequences for the development of Jewish civilizations in various parts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Charles Martel was the grandfather of Charlemagne, the great French leader and effectively the first Holy Roman Emperor. Charlemagne treated his Jewish subjects comparatively well even in the face of pressure from the Catholic Church
1755 Elisha Williams, American rector of Yale College (b. 1694)
1775 Peyton Randolph, (b 1721) planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia. He served as speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses, chairman of the Virginia Conventions, and the first President of the Continental Congress.
1808 Benjamin Randall, Free Will Baptist founder.
Elder Randall drew his breath with difficulty. It was 1808 and the founder of the Free Will Baptists was dying of tuberculosis. "Brother Randal, don't you sometimes long to die, that you may get into heaven?" asked a minister who was visiting him.
"No," replied Elder Randall. "For I am in heaven now, and have been through all my sickness: I have enjoyed the presence of God through it all, and that is heaven to me."
As a young man Benjamin Randall had thought he was a Christian, while actually there was resistance to Christ in him. He went to hear the renowned evangelist George Whitefield, who was preaching in New England, but only to find fault; He accused the evangelist of being nothing but a noisy ranter who tried to play on people's emotions.
His attitude changed on September 30, 1770, however, when a man rode by announcing that Whitefield was dead. "As soon as his voice reached my ears, an arrow from the quiver of the Almighty struck through my heart; and a mental voice sounded through my soul, louder than ever thunder sounded through my ears. The first thoughts that passed through my mind were, 'Whitefield is now in heaven, and I am in the road to hell. I shall never hear his voice any more. He was a man of God, and I have reviled him, and spoken reproachfully of him. He has taught me the way to heaven; but I regarded it not...'"
This was a crucial moment in Benjamin's life and led directly to the work for which he is famed. For over two weeks, he lived in terror, crying constantly to God for mercy. Not until he believed a Bible verse found in the letter to Hebrews, chapter nine, verse 26, did he find relief. "But now once in the end of the world has he [Christ] appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself." Such peace came over Benjamin that he began to leap with joy. "Ah, it seemed if I had ten thousand souls, I could trust them all with Jesus. I saw in him a universal love, a universal atonement, a universal call to mankind, and was confident that none would ever perish, but those who refused to obey it."
He became a member of the Congregational church that he had attended most of his life. However, his reading of the scriptures led him to believe that Baptist doctrine was more accurate. He was baptized as an adult and joined the Baptists. In 1777, he felt God was calling him to become a Baptist layman preacher. But his spiritual migrations was not yet over. Two years later, having decided that his denomination's strict Calvinist views about Predestination (that some men are chosen beforehand by God to be saved, and others to be damned) were out of line with true Bible teaching, he left, becoming the main leader of the Free Will Baptists in the Northern states.
Benjamin rode thousands of miles a year, winning converts. He was the single most influential force in putting the Free Will Baptists on the map of the Northern United States. Even in his last illness, his concern was all for Christ. He wrote to his people, "For Christ's sake, my brethren, let us be little, humble, cross-bearing disciples. See to it, that we do not get any new-fangled, heady, wordy, tonguey doctrine of men, which leads from Christ instead of leading to him."
On this day, October 22, 1808, a friend asked the dying Benjamin how he was doing. "All I wait for is my Father's command, and my soul will then leave this body," said the old saint. Minutes later he was dead.
www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1801-1900/elder-randall-free-will-baptist-founder-11630359.html
1815 Oziel Wilkinson(b 1744) American blacksmith and inventor who began manufacturing farm tools, domestic utensils and cut nails using water power at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, from about 1783. He expanded with an anchor-forging shop the next year, and later added a metal rolling and slitting mill. About 1786, he began making iron screws for clothier's and oil presses. In 1791 he built a reverbatory air furnace. By 1800, Wilkinson and his sons had established themselves as the centre of iron products manufacturing in New England, supplying the machinery parts needed by new industries. Wilkinson joined his son-in-law Samuel Slater in the textile industry. Oziel's son, David furnished the iron forgings and castings for the first carding and spinning machines at Slater's Mill.
files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5659.pdf
1922 Lyman Abbott,at Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York American Congregational clergyman, editor and author, (b. 18 Dec 1835).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_Abbott
1932 Anna Elizabeth Dickinson (b 1842) American orator and lecturer. An advocate for the abolition of slavery and for women's suffrage, as well as a gifted teacher, Dickinson was the first woman to speak before the United States Congress. A gifted speaker at a very young age, she aided the Republican Party in the hard-fought 1863 elections and significantly influenced the distribution of political power in the Union just prior to the Civil War. Dickinson also was the first white woman on record to climb Colorado’s Longs Peak, in 1873.
1934 Pretty Boy Floyd, American gangster (b. 1904)
1963 Elvin Morton Jellinek (b 1890) American physiologist who was a pioneer in the scientific study of the nature and causes of alcoholism and in descriptions of its symptomatology. He was an early proponent of the disease theory of alcoholism, arguing with great persuasiveness that alcoholics should be treated as sick people. Jellinek gathered and summarized his own research and that of others in the important and authoritative works Alcohol Explored (1942) and The Disease Concept of Alcoholism (1960). In the latter book, Jellinek also recognized that some features of the disease (e.g., inability to abstain and loss of control) were shaped by cultural factors.
1986 Jane Dornnacker WNBC-AM NYC helicopter traffic reporter dies doing a live traffic report as her copter crashes
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Dornacker
1994 Dr. Rollo May (b 1909) American psychologist. May is the best known American existential psychologist. Much of his thinking can be understood by reading about existentialism in general, and the overlap between his ideas and the ideas of Ludwig Binswanger is great. Nevertheless, he is a little off of the mainstream in that he was more influenced by American humanism than the Europeans, and more interested in reconciling existential psychology with other approaches, especially Freud’s. In 1958, he edited, with Ernest Angel and Henri Ellenberger, the book Existence, which introduced existential psychology to the US.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo_May
2009 Soupy Sales, American comedian and television personality (b. 1926)
Christian Feast Day:
Aaron the Illustrious (Syriac Orthodox Church)
Abercius of Hieropolis
Bertharius
Donatus of Fiesole
John Paul II
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_II
Mary Salome
Nunilo and Alodia
October 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Abercius of Hieropolis, bishop (ca. 167)
Seven Sleepers of Ephesus
www.todayinsci.com/10/10_22.htm
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www.christianhistorytimeline.com/lives_events/birthday/index.php
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www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1022.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_22_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
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There are 70 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days left until November 06, 2012 15
Countdown until Obama leaves Office
www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1586 Sixtus V issued Christiana Pietas, a papal bull that ameliorated the restrictions placed on Jews by his papal predecessors. Among other things, the papal bull allowed the reprinting of the Talmud and other Jewish books provided that they had properly been censored before publication.
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0004_0_03728.html
1746 Princeton University (NJ) received its charter. The Corporation now known as The Trustees of Princeton University had its origin in a Charter, granted under King George the Second on October 22, 1746. The Charter, which has been amended several times, now states: "The purposes of the corporation are the conduct of a university not for profit, including colleges and schools affiliated therewith, in various branches within or without the State of New Jersey, both graduate and undergraduate; the promotion, advancement, evaluation and dissemination of learning by instruction, study and research in the humanities, religion, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering and applied sciences ..."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University
1790 Warriors of the Miami tribe under Chief Little Turtle defeat United States troops under General Josiah Harmar at the site of present-day Fort Wayne, Indiana, in the Northwest Indian War.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Little_Turtle
1820 The General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized.
1835: During the Texas War for Independence Albert Moses Levy who had come to Texas as a member of the the New Orleans Greys and who had been appointed surgeon in chief of the volunteer army of Texas began his army career which last would less than five months before he transferred to Republic’s fledgling Navy. In 1986, the state of Texas would institute Albert Moses Levy Day to honor Levy and all of his fellow Jews who served during the War for Independence.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_war_for_independence
1836 Sam Houston inaugurated as first elected president of the Republic of Texas
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Houston
1844 William Miller, a Baptist minister, gained a large following, predicting that Christ would return on this day, October 22, 1844. His theories were not far-fetched if one accepted interpretations in vogue through much of church history. The argument goes something like this: The prophet Daniel's eighth chapter speaks of 2,300 days. Many of the greatest scholars of the church (Augustine and Bede for example) took these days to stand for years. 490 years (the seventy "weeks" mentioned in Daniel 9:24) were "cut off" from the 2,300 years, leaving 1810 years. It was assumed that Christ died early in 31 ad. with 3-1/2 years of Daniel's 70th week still to run. Adding those 3-1/2 years to 31 ad. brings us to late 34 ad, at which time the 1810 remaining years supposedly began. 1810 + 34 brings us to 1844. Technical considerations placed the date in October 1844. As many as 100,000 followers gathered at the predicted time in makeshift temples and on hillsides to "meet the bridegroom." Christ did not appear. Humiliated by what has been called "The Great Disappointment," some Millerites shucked their faith completely. Led by Miller, others formed the Adventists. The majority returned to more traditional churches.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Miller_(preacher)
1867 The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of New York was organized at Red Hook, New York.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=N&word=NEWYORK.EVANGELICALLUTHERANSYNODOF
1872 Thomas A. Edison was issued patents for an improvement in "Paper for Chemical Telegraphs" and for an improved "Apparatus for Perforating Paper for Telegraph Use" (U.S. Nos.132455, -6). The chemical paper Edison had previously designed used a solution of potassium iodide and starch adhered to paper and used while moist. He noted that when dry, the starch tended to crack and peel from paper. He patented an improvement using a very thin paste of flour and water that with the solution of potassium iodide would pentrate the paper fabric. In the second patent, Edison described a compact machine to punch perforated tape used to transmit telegraphic messages. Keys could punch either a single hole for a dot or three holes for a dash.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Edison
1878 Thomas A. Edison was issued a patent for "Quadruplex-Telegraph Repeaters" (U.S. No. 209,241). This invention is an improved method for one quadruplex circuit to repeat into another quadruplex circuit. The patent describes the electromagnets, local circuits, switches and connections. The circuits work into and operate each other, so that the message are repeated automatically into one circuit by the receiving instrument of the other circuit, instead of the finger key being operated by hand.
1875 Sons of the American Revolution organized. The official organ of the society for 1902 states that the pioneer society of the Sons of the American Revolution was organized on Oct. 22, 1875, in California, where it was known as the "Society of the Sons of Revolutionary Sires." The national society was organized in New York, April 30, 1889, the 100th anniversary of the inauguration of George Washington as president of the United States, in the room in Fraunce's Tavern where he delivered his farewell address to the officers of the Revolutionary army.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_the_American_Revolution
1883 Original Metropolitan Opera House (NYC) grand opening. The building's yellow-brick facade along Broadway was not particularly ornate, owing in part to the rent-producing apartments added to the structure. The cavernous red-and-gold interior, however, offered more boxes than New York had millionaires-three tiers of 36 boxes.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_St)
1888 The English Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri began its organizational convention.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=m&word=MISSOURIANDOTHERSTATES.THEENGLISHEVANGELICALLUTHERANSYNODOF
1899 American Presbyterian missionary James B. Rodgers, 34, baptized his first Filipino converts to the Christian faith, thus inaugurating the beginning of Philippine Protestant churches
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2c/Tom_Horn.jpg
1903 Tom Horn is hanged in Wyoming. On this day in 1903, the infamous hired killer, Tom Horn, is hanged for having allegedly murdered Willie Nickell, the 14-year-old son of a southern Wyoming sheep rancher.
Some historians have since questioned whether Horn really killed the boy, pointing out that the jury convicted him solely on the basis of a drunken confession that Horn supposedly made to a detective. The jury also seems to have failed to give adequate weight to the testimony of a number of credible witnesses who claimed Horn could not possibly have committed the crime. Yet even Horn's defenders in the Nickell case do not dispute that he was a brutal hired killer who was unquestionably responsible for many other deaths.
Born in 1860 in Memphis, Missouri, Horn reportedly showed an aptitude for hunting and marksmanship at an early age. After moving westward in the mid-1870s, Horn was at various times a cowboy, miner, army scout, deputy sheriff, and packer for the Rough Riders in Cuba, but his most notorious career was as a hired gun. Horn first worked for the famous Pinkerton Detective Agency which hired him to track down and apprehend—violently if necessary—western outlaws who were preying on Pinkerton clients, like banks and railroads that could afford to pay for private law enforcement where the public system failed them. But after four years as a Pinkerton, Horn had become bored; and in 1894 he signed on as a hired killer with the privately run Wyoming Cattlemen's Association. For several years the big Wyoming cattlemen had been fighting a vigilante war in Johnson County against a diverse group of small farmers, sheep ranchers, and rustlers who were resisting their domination. By 1894, negative publicity had made a public war too costly. Instead, the ranchers shifted to more stealthy means, hiring Horn to use his gun-handling skills to deadly effect by ambushing and murdering any man the ranchers marked as a troublemaker. Since he often shot from as much as 200 yards away, most of Horn's victims never even knew what hit them.
Some historians suggest that Horn may have murdered Willie Nickell by accident, having mistaken the boy for his father. Others, though, argue that it is more likely that Horn was deliberately convicted for a crime he did not commit by Wyoming citizens seeing an opportunity to take revenge.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Horn
1907 Panic of 1907: A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will lead to a depression.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_of_1907
1912 Thomas A. Edison was issued patents for a "Conveyor" related to a cement kiln, and for a "Phonograph-Stylus" formed of crystallized boron, which because of its hardness (in fact, much harder than sapphire) could operate on sound records formed from hard materials without wearing away. Small crystals of boron could be formed in an electric furnace, and were easier to polish than diamond, while not being as fragile. (U.S. Nos. 1,041,756 and 1,041,983).
1924 Toastmasters International is founded.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toastmasters_International
1927 Nikola Tesla exposed his six (6) new inventions including motor with onephase electricity.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla
1934 In East Liverpool, Ohio, Federal Bureau of Investigation agents shoot and kill notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Boy_Floyd
1938 Xerography was demonstrated by Chester F. Carlson. With his assistant, Otto Kornei, Carlson used a sulphur coating on a zinc plate, vigorously rubbed with a handkerchief to apply an electrostatic charge. A glass slide was prepared using India ink to write "10-22-38 ASTORIA," then laid on the sulphur surface in a darkened room. After illuminating them with a bright incandescent lamp for a few seconds, the slide was removed. When lycopodium powder was sprinkled on the sulphur surface and blown off, there remained a near-perfect image of the writing. Permanent copies were made by transferring the powder images to wax paper and heating the sheets to melt the wax. Xerox is a term coming from "xerography" which means dry writing and is a trademark.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerography
1939 First TV NFL game-Eagles vs Dodgers. On October 12, 1939, the Philadelphia Eagles lost the first televised game 23-14 to the Brooklyn Dodgers. The game was played in Brooklyn's Ebbetts Field before 13,000 fans and broadcast to approx. 1,000 television sets in New York City without the knowledge of the players.
1941 World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_M%C3%B4quet
1943 World War II: in the Second firestorm raid on Germany, the Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.
1944 World War II: Battle of Aachen: The city of Aachen falls to American forces after three weeks of fighting, making it the first German city to fall to the Allies.
1949 "That Lucky Old Sam" by Frankie Laine topped the charts. "That's My Desire" hit number four in the American charts in 1947, and Laine re-entered the Top Ten in 1948 with "Shine." He hit the big time the following year, with two huge number one hits, "That Lucky Old Sun" and "Mule Train." Another chart-topper, 1950's "The Cry of the Wild Goose," was his last for Mercury, and he signed with Columbia just one year later.
1952 The complete Jewish Torah was published in English for the first time. A collection of oral and written commentary (dating 200 BC to AD 500) on the first five books of the Old Testament, the Torah comprises the basic religious code of Judaism.
1957 Vietnam War: First United States casualties in Vietnam.
1962 Cuban Missile Crisis: US President John F. Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation.
1965 The temperature soared to 104 degrees at San Diego, CA. Southern California was in the midst of a late October heat wave that year. Los Angeles had ten consecutive days with afternoon highs reaching 100 degrees. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
1966 The Supremes become the first all-female music group to attain a No. 1 selling album (The Supremes A' Go-Go).
1968 Apollo program: Apollo 7 safely splashes down in the Atlantic Ocean after orbiting the Earth 163 times.
1971 Joan Baez earns gold for "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down." In March 1968, Baez had married antiwar protest leader David Harris, who was imprisoned as a draft evader. Harris was a country music fan, and Baez's turn toward country, which continued on David's Album (June 1969) and One Day at a Time (March 1970), reflected his taste. Blessed Are... (August 1971) was a gold-selling double album that spawned a gold Top Ten hit in Baez's cover of the Band's "The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down."
1972 Vietnam War: In Saigon, Henry Kissinger and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu meet to discuss a proposed cease-fire that had been worked out between Americans and North Vietnamese in Paris.
1972 Oakland A's first championship; beat Reds, 4 games to 3 in the World Series. The A's win their first World Championship in 42 years with a 3-2 victory in game 7. Gene Tenace has two RBI in the game. Tenace, who had only five home runs in the regular season has four in the World Series, is named MVP.
1976 Rick Barry (SF), begins then longest NBA free throw streak of 60.
1976 Red Dye No. 4 is banned by the US Food and Drug Administration after it is discovered that it causes tumors in the bladders of dogs. The dye is still used in Canada.
1977 "You Light Up My Life" by Debbie Boone topped the charts.
1979 Walt Disney World's 100-millionth guest - Kurt Miller
1981 The Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization was decertified. On August 3, 1981 almost 13,000 air traffic controllers went on strike after months of negotiations with the federal government. In response to the walkout, President Ronald Reagan issued one of the defining statements of his presidency. He said the striking air-traffic controllers were in violation of the law; if they did not report to work within 48 hours, their jobs would be terminated. The Federal Labor Relations Authority de-certified PATCO. Later, new air-traffic controllers, hired in the wake of the strike, organize a new union to represent them, the National Air Traffic Controllers Association.
1983 Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.
1984 Paul McCartney releases "Give My Regards to Broad Street" soundtrack.
1985 A guest on the top floor of a hotel in Seattle, WA, was seriously injured while talking on the phone when lightning struck. Several persons are killed each year when the electrical charge from a lightning bolt travels via telephone wiring. (The Weather Channel)
1987 Yakutat, AK, surpassed their previous all-time yearly precipitation total of 190 inches. Monthly records were set in June with 17 inches, in September with 70 inches, and in October with more than 40 inches. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) Twenty-two cities in the eastern U.S., most of them in the southeast states, reported record low temperatures for the date. Morning lows of 30 degrees at Athens GA, 28 degrees at Birmingham AL, and 23 degrees at Pinson AL, were the coldest of record for so early in the season. (The National Weather Summary) Showers produced heavy rain in southern California, with amounts ranging up to five inches at Blue Jay. Flash flooding resulted in two deaths, ten injuries, and more than a million dollars damage. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - A "nor'easter" swept across the coast of New England. Winds gusted to 75 mph, and large waves and high tides caused extensive shoreline flooding. A heavy wet snow blanketed much of eastern New York State, with a foot of snow reported in Lewis County. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1983 Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.
1989 A storm system moving out of the Gulf of Alaska brought rain to the Northern and Central Pacific Coast Region, with snow in some of the mountains of Oregon, and wind gusts to 60 mph along the Oregon coast. Six cities in Florida reported record low temp-eratures for the date, including Tallahassee with a reading of 34 degrees. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1991 The European Community and the European Free Trade Association concluded a landmark accord to create a free trade zone of 19 nations by 1993.
1992 Red Barber—the legendary announcer for the Brooklyn Dodgers, with a voice that one sportswriter called "a spoonful of sugar drifting through a glass of iced tea"—dies. He was 84 years old. In an era when almost every major league baseball team had a distinct voice—Mel Allen for the Yankees, Curt Gowdy for the Red Sox, Harry Caray for the Cards—Barber’s erudite-but-homespun Mississippi twang was the Dodgers. He pioneered a colorful, reportorial style of play-by-play narration that generations of broadcasters have imitated: He gave his listeners a scrupulously detailed but carefully nonpartisan version of the events on the field, so that they could feel like they were sitting in the stands themselves.
Barber’s baseball-broadcasting career began with the Cincinnati Reds in 1934, when the 26-year-old announcer called the first major league game he had ever seen, and ended in 1966 when the New York Yankees fired him for noting on air that only 413 people had come to watch the last-place Bombers play. But from 1939 to 1953, his years as the play-by-play announcer for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Barber became a citywide celebrity. He invented an entirely new vocabulary that was nevertheless almost instantly familiar to anyone who listened to his broadcasts for more than a few minutes. To Barber, the baseball diamond was "the pea patch." An argument was "a rhubarb." A sure-thing game was "tied up in the crocus sack" and a team that had a game well in hand was "sitting in the catbird seat." Everyone who heard Barber say that the bases were "FOB" knew he meant that they were full of Brooklyn players; likewise, listeners knew that a player who was "assuming the ballistic burden" was coming in to relieve the pitcher.
Meanwhile, Barber broadcast some of baseball’s most important moments: the first night game and the first televised game, for example, along with Jackie Robinson’s first game as a Dodger and Roger Maris’ record-breaking home run. Fans adored him--once, after the Dodgers won the pennant, they mobbed him as he left Ebbets Field and pulled out handfuls of his hair to keep as souvenirs. During baseball season, his voice was everywhere. "People tell me you could walk through Brooklyn without a radio and still hear Red describe the game," sportscaster Bob Costas said. "You wouldn't miss a pitch because it would come from an apartment windowsill, from a storefront, from a car radio with its window open."
In 1978, Red Barber and Mel Allen were the first announcers to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Three years later, Barber’s vivid, literate broadcast style won him a whole new generation of fans when he joined newsman Bob Edwards for four minutes every Friday morning on NPR’s Morning Edition to talk about politics, gardening, family—and, of course, baseball.
Births
1734 Daniel Boone (d 1820) American pioneer, explorer, and frontiersman whose frontier exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now the Commonwealth of Kentucky (Kentucky), which was then beyond the western borders of the settled part of Thirteen Colonies (This region legally belonged to both the Commonwealth of Virginia and to the American Indian Tribes.) Despite some resistance from American Indian tribes such as the Shawnee, in 1775 Boone blazed his Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap in the Appalachian Mountains - from North Carolina and Tennessee into Kentucky. There he founded the village of Boonesborough, Kentucky, one of the first English-speaking settlements west of the Appalachians. Before the end of the 18th century, more than 200,000 European people migrated to Kentucky/Virginia by following the route marked by Boone.
1735 James Manning was born near Elizabethtown, New Jersey. A Baptist leader and close friend of Isaac Backus, he became the first president of Rhode Island College (now Brown University).
1808 John Addyman, pioneer Methodist pastor in Canada, was born in Leeds, Yorkshire County, England (d. 7 Jun 1887).
1821 Collis Potter Huntington (d 1900) one of the Big Four of western railroading (along with Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, and Charles Crocker) who built the Central Pacific Railroad as part of the first U.S. transcontinental railroad. Huntington then helped lead and develop other major interstate lines such as the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, which he was recruited to help complete. The C&O, completed in 1873, fulfilled a long-held dream of Virginians of a rail link from the James River at Richmond to the Ohio River Valley. The new railroad facilities adjacent to the river there resulted in expansion of the former small town of Guyandotte, West Virginia into part of a new city which was named Huntington in his honor.
1843 Stephen Moulton Babcock (d 1931) American agricultural research chemist, often called the father of scientific dairying, chiefly because of his development of the Babcock test (1890), a simple method of measuring the butterfat content of milk. It consists in liberating the fat globules by dissolving the casein in a strong acid and then separating the fat by means of a centrifuge. The test discouraged milk adulteration and provided for the first time an adequate standard by which fair payment for milk could be determined, stimulated improvement of dairy production, and aided in factory manufacture of cheese and butter. He worked for 43 years at the University of Wisconsin, where he established a laboratory where he carried out pioneering research in nutrition and in the chemistry of vitamins.
1881 Clinton Joseph Davisson (d 1958) American experimental physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1937 with George P. Thomson of England for discovering that electrons can be diffracted like light waves. Davisson studied the effect of electron bombardment on surfaces, and observed (1925) the angle of reflection could depend on crystal orientation. Following Louis de Broglie's theory of the wave nature of particles, he realized that his results could be due to diffraction of electrons by the pattern of atoms on the crystal surface. Davisson worked with Lester Germer in an experiment in which electrons bouncing off a nickel surface produced wave patterns similar to those formed by light reflected from a diffraction grating, and supporting de Broglie's electron wavelength = (h/p).
1887 John Silas "Jack" Reed (d 1920) American journalist, poet, and communist activist, best remembered for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ten Days that Shook the World. He was married to writer and feminist Louise Bryant.
1896 Charles Glen King (d 1988) American biochemist who discovered vitamin C, an aid in the prevention of scurvy and malnutrition. After five years of painstaking research extracting components from lemon juice, in 1932, King isolated vitamin C. Its structure was quickly determined and it was synthesized by scientists such as Haworth and Reichstein in 1933. Also known as ascorbic acid, (a- = not, without; scorbus = scurvy), vitamin C is a colourless crystalline water-soluble vitamin found especially in citrus fruits and green vegetables. Most organisms synthesize it from glucose but man and other primates and various other species must obtain it from their diet. It is required for the maintenance of healthy connective tissue; deficiency leads to scurvy. Vitamin C is readily destroyed by heat and light.
1902 Frank Harold Spedding (d 1984) American chemist who, during the 1940s and '50s, developed processes for reducing individual rare-earth elements to the metallic state at low cost, thereby making these substances available to industry at reasonable prices. Earlier, upon the discovery of nuclear fission in 1939, the U.S. government asked leading scientists to join in the development of nuclear energy. In 1942, Iowa State College's Frank H. Spedding, an expert in the chemistry of rare earths, agreed to set up the Ames portion of the Manhattan Project, resulting in an easy and inexpensive procedure to produce high quality uranium. Between 1942 and 1945, almost two million pounds of uranium was processed on campus, in the old Popcorn Laboratory.
1903 George Wells Beadle (d 1989) American geneticist who helped found biochemical genetics when he showed that genes affect heredity genes act by regulating definite chemical events. He shared the 1958 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Edward Tatum and Joshua Lederberg. Beadle and Tatum succeeded in demonstrating that the body substances are synthesized in the individual cell step by step in long chains of chemical reactions, and that genes control these processes by individually regulating definite steps in the synthesis chain. This regulation takes place through formation by the gene of special enzymes.
1903 Curly Howard, born Jerome Lester Horwitz, Howard was one of the Three Stooges, along with his brother Moe Howard and Larry Fine. (d. 1952)
1905 Karl Guthe Jansky (d 1950) American electrical engineer who discovered cosmic radio emissions in 1932. At Bell Laboratories in NJ, Jansky was tracking down the crackling static noises that plagued overseas telephone reception. He found certain radio waves came from a specific region on the sky every 23 hours and 56 minutes, from the direction of Sagittarius toward the center of the Milky Way. In the publication of his results, he suggested that the radio emission was somehow connected to the Milky Way and that it originated not from stars but from ionized interstellar gas. At the age of 26, Jansky had made a historic discovery - that celestial bodies could emit radio waves as well as light waves.
1907 James Emory "Jimmie" Foxx (d 1967) (nicknamed Double X and The Beast) was a right-handed American first baseman and noted power hitter in Major League Baseball. Foxx was the second major league player to hit 500 career home runs, after Babe Ruth; and, at age 32 years 336 days, is the second youngest to reach that mark, behind Alex Rodriguez. His three career Most Valuable Player awards are tied for second all-time.
1908 John Thomas Gould (d 2003) American humorist, essayist, and columnist who wrote a column for the Christian Science Monitor for over sixty years from a farm in Lisbon Falls, Maine. He was published in most major American newspapers and magazines and wrote thirty books.
1920 Timothy Leary, American writer (d. 1996)
1933 Donald Herod Peterson retired United States Air Force officer and a former USAF and NASA astronaut
1936 Bobby Seale, American civil rights activist.
1938 Christopher Lloyd, American actor.
1942 Annette Joanne Funicello American singer and actress. She was Walt Disney's most popular cast member of The Mickey Mouse Club,[1] and went on to appear in a series of beach party films.
1947 Haley Barbour, American politician, 63rd Governor of Mississippi
Deaths
741 Charles Martel or Charles the Hammer, credited with saving Europe from Islam by defeating the Moors at the Battle of Tours. This effectively meant, that Islamic culture would remain south of the Pyrenees in what is modern day Spain. Although fighting would continue between invading Moslem armies and defending Christian armies, most of Europe was destined to be Christian. This division would have profound consequences for the development of Jewish civilizations in various parts of Europe, Africa and Asia. Charles Martel was the grandfather of Charlemagne, the great French leader and effectively the first Holy Roman Emperor. Charlemagne treated his Jewish subjects comparatively well even in the face of pressure from the Catholic Church
1755 Elisha Williams, American rector of Yale College (b. 1694)
1775 Peyton Randolph, (b 1721) planter and public official from the Colony of Virginia. He served as speaker of the Virginia House of Burgesses, chairman of the Virginia Conventions, and the first President of the Continental Congress.
1808 Benjamin Randall, Free Will Baptist founder.
Elder Randall drew his breath with difficulty. It was 1808 and the founder of the Free Will Baptists was dying of tuberculosis. "Brother Randal, don't you sometimes long to die, that you may get into heaven?" asked a minister who was visiting him.
"No," replied Elder Randall. "For I am in heaven now, and have been through all my sickness: I have enjoyed the presence of God through it all, and that is heaven to me."
As a young man Benjamin Randall had thought he was a Christian, while actually there was resistance to Christ in him. He went to hear the renowned evangelist George Whitefield, who was preaching in New England, but only to find fault; He accused the evangelist of being nothing but a noisy ranter who tried to play on people's emotions.
His attitude changed on September 30, 1770, however, when a man rode by announcing that Whitefield was dead. "As soon as his voice reached my ears, an arrow from the quiver of the Almighty struck through my heart; and a mental voice sounded through my soul, louder than ever thunder sounded through my ears. The first thoughts that passed through my mind were, 'Whitefield is now in heaven, and I am in the road to hell. I shall never hear his voice any more. He was a man of God, and I have reviled him, and spoken reproachfully of him. He has taught me the way to heaven; but I regarded it not...'"
This was a crucial moment in Benjamin's life and led directly to the work for which he is famed. For over two weeks, he lived in terror, crying constantly to God for mercy. Not until he believed a Bible verse found in the letter to Hebrews, chapter nine, verse 26, did he find relief. "But now once in the end of the world has he [Christ] appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself." Such peace came over Benjamin that he began to leap with joy. "Ah, it seemed if I had ten thousand souls, I could trust them all with Jesus. I saw in him a universal love, a universal atonement, a universal call to mankind, and was confident that none would ever perish, but those who refused to obey it."
He became a member of the Congregational church that he had attended most of his life. However, his reading of the scriptures led him to believe that Baptist doctrine was more accurate. He was baptized as an adult and joined the Baptists. In 1777, he felt God was calling him to become a Baptist layman preacher. But his spiritual migrations was not yet over. Two years later, having decided that his denomination's strict Calvinist views about Predestination (that some men are chosen beforehand by God to be saved, and others to be damned) were out of line with true Bible teaching, he left, becoming the main leader of the Free Will Baptists in the Northern states.
Benjamin rode thousands of miles a year, winning converts. He was the single most influential force in putting the Free Will Baptists on the map of the Northern United States. Even in his last illness, his concern was all for Christ. He wrote to his people, "For Christ's sake, my brethren, let us be little, humble, cross-bearing disciples. See to it, that we do not get any new-fangled, heady, wordy, tonguey doctrine of men, which leads from Christ instead of leading to him."
On this day, October 22, 1808, a friend asked the dying Benjamin how he was doing. "All I wait for is my Father's command, and my soul will then leave this body," said the old saint. Minutes later he was dead.
www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1801-1900/elder-randall-free-will-baptist-founder-11630359.html
1815 Oziel Wilkinson(b 1744) American blacksmith and inventor who began manufacturing farm tools, domestic utensils and cut nails using water power at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, from about 1783. He expanded with an anchor-forging shop the next year, and later added a metal rolling and slitting mill. About 1786, he began making iron screws for clothier's and oil presses. In 1791 he built a reverbatory air furnace. By 1800, Wilkinson and his sons had established themselves as the centre of iron products manufacturing in New England, supplying the machinery parts needed by new industries. Wilkinson joined his son-in-law Samuel Slater in the textile industry. Oziel's son, David furnished the iron forgings and castings for the first carding and spinning machines at Slater's Mill.
files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5659.pdf
1922 Lyman Abbott,at Cornwall-on-Hudson, New York American Congregational clergyman, editor and author, (b. 18 Dec 1835).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_Abbott
1932 Anna Elizabeth Dickinson (b 1842) American orator and lecturer. An advocate for the abolition of slavery and for women's suffrage, as well as a gifted teacher, Dickinson was the first woman to speak before the United States Congress. A gifted speaker at a very young age, she aided the Republican Party in the hard-fought 1863 elections and significantly influenced the distribution of political power in the Union just prior to the Civil War. Dickinson also was the first white woman on record to climb Colorado’s Longs Peak, in 1873.
1934 Pretty Boy Floyd, American gangster (b. 1904)
1963 Elvin Morton Jellinek (b 1890) American physiologist who was a pioneer in the scientific study of the nature and causes of alcoholism and in descriptions of its symptomatology. He was an early proponent of the disease theory of alcoholism, arguing with great persuasiveness that alcoholics should be treated as sick people. Jellinek gathered and summarized his own research and that of others in the important and authoritative works Alcohol Explored (1942) and The Disease Concept of Alcoholism (1960). In the latter book, Jellinek also recognized that some features of the disease (e.g., inability to abstain and loss of control) were shaped by cultural factors.
1986 Jane Dornnacker WNBC-AM NYC helicopter traffic reporter dies doing a live traffic report as her copter crashes
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Dornacker
1994 Dr. Rollo May (b 1909) American psychologist. May is the best known American existential psychologist. Much of his thinking can be understood by reading about existentialism in general, and the overlap between his ideas and the ideas of Ludwig Binswanger is great. Nevertheless, he is a little off of the mainstream in that he was more influenced by American humanism than the Europeans, and more interested in reconciling existential psychology with other approaches, especially Freud’s. In 1958, he edited, with Ernest Angel and Henri Ellenberger, the book Existence, which introduced existential psychology to the US.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo_May
2009 Soupy Sales, American comedian and television personality (b. 1926)
Christian Feast Day:
Aaron the Illustrious (Syriac Orthodox Church)
Abercius of Hieropolis
Bertharius
Donatus of Fiesole
John Paul II
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_II
Mary Salome
Nunilo and Alodia
October 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Abercius of Hieropolis, bishop (ca. 167)
Seven Sleepers of Ephesus
www.todayinsci.com/10/10_22.htm
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.amug.org/~jpaul/oct22.html
www.christianhistorytimeline.com/lives_events/birthday/index.php
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/cuban-missile-crisis
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_22
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
thisdayinjewishhistory.blogspot.com/
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/indexold.html
www.lcms.org/
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1022.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_22_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.christianity.com/church/church-history/