Post by farmgal on Oct 13, 2012 17:00:05 GMT -5
October 14 is the 288th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 79 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 24
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
222 Pope Callixtus I is killed by a mob in Rome's Trastevere after a 5-year reign1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence. in which he had stabilized the Saturday fast three times per year, with no food, oil, or wine to be consumed on those days. Callixtus is succeeded by cardinal Urban I.
Pope Callixtus I
1066 Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the Norman forces of William the Conqueror defeat the English army and kill King Harold II of England.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings
1322 Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce
1582- Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar
1656 Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism makes them regard the Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends#Emigration_to_America
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs
1708 The General Court of Connecticut enacted the Saybrook Platform, later adopted by the colony's Congregational churches. The legislation instituted a form of church government more presbyterian than congregational in nature.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saybrook_Platform
1735 Methodist pioneer John Wesley first set sail to America, to minister to the Indians under Georgia Gov. Oglethorpe. On this same date, Wesley began keeping his famous, 55-year-long journal, whose last entry was dated Oct 24, 1790.
1773 Just before the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, several of the British East India Company's tea ships are set ablaze at the old seaport of Annapolis, Maryland.
1774 First Continental Congress is first to declare colonial rights. In October 1774 Congress also adopted a "Declaration of Rights and Grievances" that outlined members' views on the correct constitutional relationship between mother country and colonies. In argument and style, the Declaration mimicked the greatest English charters of rights, Magna Carta (1215) and the English Bill of Rights (1689), claiming that settlers who originally emigrated from England "by no means forfeited, surrendered, or lost any of those rights."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Rights_and_Grievances
1781 Peter Muhlenberg (1746–1807) was named senior commander at the Siege of Yorktown.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg#Military_career
1834 In Philadelphia, members of the American Whig Party and American Democrats carry out a brick, stone, and firearm, battle for the control of an election in Moyamensing Township, resulting in one death, several injuries, and the burning down of a block of the town's buildings.
1834 Henry Blair of Glenross, Maryland, received a U.S. patent on a corn planter (No. X8447). Two years later, on 31 Aug 1836, he was also issued a patent on a cotton seed planter (No. 15). Blair was born in Maryland about 1807 and lived until 1860. He was a successful farmer whose inventions met a need to increase efficiency in farming. His patents were signed with a simple "X" because he had not learned to read or write. Henry Blair was the second African-American to hold a patent. For some time he had been regarded as the first, until it became better known that the first African-American on record to be granted a patent was Thomas Jennings for a "dry-scouring" cleaning process (3 Mar 1821, No. X3306).
1841 John Christian Frederick Heyer (1793–1873), first missionary of the Lutheran General Synod to India and later a pastor in Minnesota, sailed from Boston on this date on his first missionary journey to India.
justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/14.html
1863 Confederate General Robert E. Lee attempts to drive the Union Army out of Virginia but fails when an outnumbered Union force repels the attacking Rebels.
In September 1863, two corps from the Union Army of the Potomac moved to Tennessee to reinforce the army of General William Rosecrans after his loss at the Battle of Chickamauga on September 19 and 20. When Lee heard of this, he suspected that the diminished Yankee army in Virginia was vulnerable. Lee was still outnumbered nearly two to one, but if he could place his army between the main Union force and Washington, D.C., the Confederates could relieve pressure on Virginia by forcing the Yankees closer to Washington.
On October 10, Lee moved his troops from their defenses along the Rapidan River and attempted to turn the Army of the Potomac's right flank. Union commander General George Meade was alerted to Lee's movement, and he quickly drew his army closer to Washington. The aggressive Lee realized that he had a chance to cut the Union army up piecemeal during the withdrawal. Confederate General Ambrose P. Hill spotted Yankees from General George Sykes's Fifth Corps near Bristoe Station on the afternoon of October 14. Thinking this was the rear of the Union army, Hill attacked and began driving the Federals away in disarray. The Confederates were surprised by the sudden appearance of Union General Gouverneur K. Warren's Second Corps. Warren's men were returning from a small battle at Auburn, Virginia, earlier that morning. Hill decided to attack this new force as well, but the Yankees were well protected by a railroad cut.
In a very short engagement, the Confederates suffered 1,400 men killed, wounded, and captured, while the Union lost only 546. "Bury these poor men," Lee somberly told Hill, "and let us say no more about it." The Union army was driven back 40 miles from its original positions, and the Confederates destroyed a large section of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, a key Union supply line. Nonetheless, the gains were temporary. The next month, Meade drove Lee back behind the Rapidan River.
1884 The first U.S. patent for transparent paper-strip photographic film on a temporary paper backing was issued to George Eastman of Rochester, N.Y. (No. 306,594). The film consisted of a layer of paper and a coating of insoluble sensitized gelatin emulsion, separated by a layer of soluble gelatin to enable separation after developing the exposed film. He invented this film in Feb 1884 and applied for the patent the next month. It was flexible, could be wrapped compactly on a roller and used within a roll-holder instead of the glass plate photographic materials then in use. It offered greater convenience, less weight and freedom from breakage. He began commercial manufacturing of the product on 26 Mar 1885
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Eastman
1885 After 15-year-old Jean Baptiste Jupille was severely bitten while with his bare hands he killed an attacking rabid dog to protect five other young shepherds in Villers-Farley, France. He shortly became the second person treated by Louis Pasteur's experimental vaccine for rabies. He was fortunate to be taken to Pasteur's laboratory. Pasteur's collaborator Emile Roux had thought of attenuating the power of the infection by exposing strips of fresh spinal marrow taken from a rabbit that had died of rabies to dry, sterile air for various lengths of time. The vaccine was a small piece of marrow ground up and suspended in sterilized broth. It had first been used on Joseph Meister on 6 Jul 1885. By 12 Apr 1886, 726 people had been treated.
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jupille
1890 The Evangelical Alliance Mission was founded in Chicago, Illinois, by Fredrik Franson (1852–1908).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Evangelical_Alliance_Mission
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_Franson
1891 Protestant Episcopal clergyman Phillips Brooks (1835–1893) was consecrated Bishop of the Diocese of Massachusetts in Boston's Trinity Church.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Brooks
1894 Theodor Näther (1866–1904) and Franz Mohn (1867–1925) were commissioned for work in India as the Missouri Synod’s first foreign missionaries by Pres. Heinrich Schwan (1819–1905) at a meeting of the Western District in Saint Charles, Missouri. Näther sailed for India at once. Mohn followed a year later.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=N&word=NATHER.KARLGUSTAVTHEODOR
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=M&word=MOHN.FRANZEDWARD
1897 The Synod of Central and Southern Illinois was formed by a union of the synods of Central and Southern Illinois at Hillsboro, Illinois.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=I&word=ILLINOIS.EVANGELICALLUTHERANSYNODOFCENTRALANDSOUTHERN
1910 The English aviator Claude Grahame-White lands his Farman Aircraft biplane on Executive Avenue near the White House in Washington, D.C.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Grahame_White
1912 Bull Moose Teddy Roosevelt shot while campaigning in Milwaukee. John Schrank, a Bohemian born immigrant barkeeper took it upon himself to object to a violation of a sacred political tradition in the United States. Schrank shot Col. Theodore Roosevelt in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on October 14, 1912, while T.R. was busy completing his Progressive Party or "Bull Moose" Campaign for President against his former friend, President William Howard Taft (the Republican re-nominee), the Democratic Party Candidate Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey, and the Socialist Candidate Eugene Victor Debs. The speech and an eyeglass case saved T.R.'s life. He was strong enough to deliver the speech, and then to go to the hospital. Doctors there marveled at his physique - years of exercise gave the fifty - four year old President the body of a thirty year old man.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddy_Roosevelt
1922 The first automated telephones, the Pennsylvania exchange in New York City, become operational.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange
1922 In Detroit, Michigan, the Evangelical Association and the United Evangelical Church merged, forming the Evangelical Church. The combined membership at the time of the merger was 260,000.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Association
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Evangelical_Church
1926 The A.A. Milne book, "Winnie-the-Pooh", made its debut. Winnie the Pooh is one of the best-loved figures in British children's literature. Pooh was the creation of author A.A. Milne, who was inspired by the stuffed toys of his son Christopher Robin. Pooh is a chubby stuffed bear with a particular fondness for honey; his friends in the Hundred Acre Wood include Eeyore the sad donkey, Piglet the pig, and Tigger the bouncy tiger. (Christopher Robin also appears in the Pooh stories as the bear's friend and protector.) Pooh was introduced in the poetry collection When We Were Very Young (1924) and then starred in Milne's books Winnie-the-Pooh (1926), Now We Are Six (1927) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh
1930 Ethel Merman makes her Broadway debut.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Merman
1934 "Lux Radio Theatre" premieres. Lux Radio Theater, a radio anthology series (NBC Blue Network (1934-1935); CBS (1935-1955), adapted first Broadway stage works, and then (especially) films to hour-long live radio presentations. It quickly became the most popular dramatic anthology series on radio, running more than twenty years. The program always began with an announcer proclaiming, "Ladies and gentlemen, Lux presents Hollywood!" Cecil B. DeMille was the host of the series each Monday evening from June 1, 1936, until January 22, 1945.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theatre
1938 "Big Noise from Winnetka" recorded by the Bob Cats. The Bob Crosby Orchestra, and its combo side group, the Bob Cats, is considered one of the greatest jazz bands of all time, although in the mid- to late-1930s, when swing was king, Dixieland was considered old-fashioned by many young hipsters. The rhythm section was led by bassist Bob Haggart and drummer Ray Bauduc, the duo who wrote "South Rampart Street Parade" and "Big Noise from Winnetka," the latter turning out to be a huge hit. Other musicians featured in the band were Charlie Spivak and Billy Butterfield, and its singers included Kay Weber and Doris Day. The band's arranger was Deane Kincaide.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Noise_from_Winnetka
1938 The first flight of the Curtiss Aircraft Company's P-40 Warhawk fighter plane.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-40_Warhawk
1943 RCA (Radio Corporation of America) sold the NBC Blue Radio Network to Edward Noble for $8 million dollars. It was renamed the American Broadcasting Company.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America
1943 Prisoners at the Nazi German Sobibor extermination camp in Poland revolted against the Germans, killing eleven SS troops who were guards there, and wounding many more. About 300 of the Sobibor Camp's 600 prisoners escaped from this Nazi extermination camp, and about 50 of these survived past the end of World War II (on May 8, 1945, European time).
1943 The American Eighth Air Force loses 60 B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers in aerial combat during the second mass-daylight air raid on the Schweinfurt ball-bearing factories in western Nazi Germany.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp
1944 Rommel forced to commit suicide. Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel (b 1891), popularly known as the Desert Fox (Wüstenfuchs,), German Field Marshal of World War II.
He was a highly decorated officer in World War I, awarded the Pour le Mérite for his exploits on the Italian front. In World War II, he further distinguished himself as the commander of the Ghost Division during the 1940 invasion of France. However, it was his leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African campaign that established the legend of the Desert Fox. He is considered to have been one of the most skilled commanders of desert warfare in the war. He later commanded the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion in Normandy.
Rommel is regarded as a chivalrous and humane officer because his Afrikakorps was never accused of any war crimes. Soldiers captured during his Africa campaign were reported to have been treated humanely; furthermore, he ignored orders to kill captured commandos, Jewish soldiers and civilians in all theaters of his command.
Late in the war, Rommel was convicted of joining the conspiracy against Adolf Hitler. Throughout the war, Rommel remained one of the last great heroes of Germany, the legendary Desert Fox. Because the German people still saw Rommel as a hero, Hitler chose not to publicly try and execute him. Instead, he was persuaded to commit suicide under threat of persecution of his family. The reason for Rommel's death only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rommel
1944 Athens, Greece, is liberated by British Army troops entering the city as the Nazi German Army pulls out during World War II. This clears the way for the Greek government-in-exile to return to its historic capital city, with George Papandreou, Sr., as the head-of-government.
1947 The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors established the nation's first air pollution control program by creating the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District. It was a response to the serious smog in the city on 26 Jul 1943 when a noxious haze of smoke and exhaust fumes reduced visibility to under three blocks. From Oct 1943, the Smoke and Fumes Commission appointed by the city studied the problem. The causes it named were many: locomotive smoke, diesel truck fumes, back-yard rubbish burning plus the mountain topography, stagnant winds and atmospheric temperature inversions. On 31 Jul 1954, a six-year research program reported that the smog was caused by the chemical reaction of sunlight on auto and industrial emissions.
1947 Chuck Yeager, a WW II fighter pilot, became the first human to fly faster than the speed of sound, breaking through the sound barrier in a rocket powered Bell XS-1 airplane over Murac Dry Lake, California. The four rocket motors of this tiny needle-nosed research craft could gulp an entire supply of fuel in 2-1/2 minutes. To save fuel, the Bell XS-1 was carried aloft by a B-29 then released, and Yeager fired its rockets. At 37,000 feet the X-1 flew nicely, but began to buffet as it approached the sound barrier. When an airplane travels at the speed of sound the air particles ahead are compressed into an invisible "wall of thick air." Others flying with less powerful engines could not push through this wall, with hazardous and deadly results. Yeager succeeded.
1949 Eleven leaders of the American Communist Party are convicted, after a nine-month trial in a Federal District Court, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. Federal Government.
1950 "Goodnight Irene" by the Weavers with Gordon Jenkins topped the charts. The first result of their Decca contract was a collection of Christmas songs issued on a 10" LP, which didn't attract much attention. But their second session yielded a pair of songs, "Tzena Tzena Tzena," which got to number two, and "Goodnight Irene," which hit number one and stayed there for 13 weeks, and ended up selling two million copies as a double-sided hit single. Cut just before the group left the Vanguard in June of 1950, the two songs caught everyone by surprise with their sudden success.
1952 Korean War: United Nations and South Korean forces launched Operation Showdown against Chinese strongholds at the Iron Triangle. The resulting Battle of Triangle Hill was the biggest and bloodiest battle of 1952.
1954 With a cast of 25,000, the C.B. DeMille epic, "The Ten Commandments", starring Charlton Heston, began filming in Egypt.
1955 "Ethel and Albert" came to ABC-TV. Ethel and Albert was a comedy radio/TV series about a married couple, Ethel and Albert Arbuckle, living in the small town of Sandy Harbor. Peg Lynch brought her series to television in the early 1950s as a continuing 15-minute segment on The Kate Smith Hour during the 1952-1953 season. An Ethel and Albert television series was launched on NBC (April 25, 1953-December 25, 1954), moved to CBS (June 20, 1955-September 26, 1955) as a summer replacement for December Bride, and ended its television life on ABC (October 14, 1955-July 6, 1956).
1957 - Floodwaters roared through a migrant labor camp near the town of Picacho AZ flooding fifty cabins and a dozen nearby homes. 250 migrant workers lost their shelters. The month was one of the wettest Octobers in Arizona weather history. (The Weather Channel)
1957 "Wake Up Little Susie" by Everly Brothers topped the charts. "Wake Up Little Susie" was written by the husband and wife team of Felice and Boudleaux Bryant, who wrote most of The Everly Brothers songs in the '50s. Their songs were also recorded by Bob Dylan, Elvis, and Buddy Holly. It is about a young couple who fall asleep at the drive-in, realize they are out past curfew, and make up a story to tell Susie's parents. Chet Atkins played guitar on this.
1958 The American Atomic Energy Commission, with supporting military units, carries out an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site, just north of Las Vegas, Nevada.
1958 The District of Columbia's Bar Association votes to accept African-Americans as member attorneys.
1960 Peace Corps first suggested by JFK. In the early hours of Oct. 14, 1960, then Sen. John F. Kennedy made an unprepared campaign speech to a group of students on the steps of the Student Union at the University of Michigan. He asked if they would be willing to devote a few years of their life working in under-developed countries around the world to promote better understanding between the United States, developing countries and their peoples. Within weeks, 1,000 Michigan students had signed a petition calling for the establishment of the Peace Corps program. Less than one year later, on March 1, 1961, the Peace Corps was officially launched.
1960 The 4th legal definition of the metre was made to be 1,650,763.73 wavelengths in vacuum of the orange-red light radiation of the krypton-86 atom (transition between levels 2p10 and 5d5). This was now 100 times more accurate than the previous 3rd legal definition adopted in 1889.
1961 "Hit The Road Jack" by Ray Charles topped the charts. "Hit The Road Jack" was written by Ray's good friend Percy Mayfield, an R&B singer who was badly disfigured in a car accident soon after he started performing. Mayfield cut back his touring and made his mark as a prolific songwriter, with many of his compositions performed by Charles. It was the second (and shortest, at an even two minutes) of Charles' 3 #1 hits. This was the winner of the 1961 Grammy for Best Male Rhythm and Blues Recording.
1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis begins on October 14, 1962, bringing the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear conflict. Photographs taken by a high-altitude U-2 spy plane offered incontrovertible evidence that Soviet-made medium-range missiles in Cuba—capable of carrying nuclear warheads—were now stationed 90 miles off the American coastline.
Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union over Cuba had been steadily increasing since the failed April 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion, in which Cuban refugees, armed and trained by the United States, landed in Cuba and attempted to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro. Though the invasion did not succeed, Castro was convinced that the United States would try again, and set out to get more military assistance from the Soviet Union. During the next year, the number of Soviet advisors in Cuba rose to more than 20,000. Rumors began that Russia was also moving missiles and strategic bombers onto the island. Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev may have decided to so dramatically up the stakes in the Cold War for several reasons. He may have believed that the United States was indeed going to invade Cuba and provided the weapons as a deterrent. Facing criticism at home from more hard-line members of the Soviet communist hierarchy, he may have thought a tough stand might win him support. Khrushchev also had always resented that U.S. nuclear missiles were stationed near the Soviet Union (in Turkey, for example), and putting missiles in Cuba might have been his way of redressing the imbalance. Two days after the pictures were taken, after being developed and analyzed by intelligence officers, they were presented to President Kennedy. During the next two weeks, the United States and the Soviet Union would come as close to nuclear war as they ever had, and a fearful world awaited the outcome.
1964 Martin Luther King Jr wins Nobel Peace Prize. At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize. When notified of his selection, he announced that he would turn over the prize money of $54,123 to the furtherance of the civil rights movement.
1964 Khrushchev ousted as premier of Soviet Union. Nikita Khrushchev is ousted as both premier of the Soviet Union and chief of the Communist Party after 10 years in power. He was succeeded as head of the Communist Party by his former protégé Leonid Brezhnev, who would eventually become the chief of state as well. The new Soviet leadership increased military aid to the North Vietnamese without trying to persuade them to attempt a negotiated end to hostilities. With this support and no external pressure to negotiate, the North Vietnamese leadership was free to carry on the war as they saw fit.
Also on this day, U.S. aircraft are permitted to fly with Laotian planes on operations against Communist movements along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. After considerable pressure from both Laos and the U.S. Air Force, the Pentagon authorized the Yankee Team jets to fly cover with the Laotian Air Force T-28s that were bombing the trails and installations used by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops making their way into Laos. The U.S. jets protected the Laotian planes from North Vietnamese MiGs attacks.
1965 - Heavy rains hit the coastal areas of southeastern Florida. In a 24 hour period rains of twenty inches were reported from Deerfield Beach to Fort Lauderdale, with 25.28 inches on the Fort Lauderdale Bahia-Mar Yacht Basin. Flooding that resulted caused considerable damage to roads and streets. The rains inundated numerous newly planted vegetable fields, and some residences. Ten miles away just 4.51 inches of rain was reported. (14th- 15th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
1965 Sandy Koufax hurls his 2nd shutout of World Series beating Twins 2-0. Working on two days rest, Sandy Koufax pitches a 3-hitter and blanks Minnesota 2-0, giving the Dodgers a 2nd World Championship in three years. He is named World Series MVP.
1967 "The Letter" by Box Tops topped the charts.
1967 The Vietnam War: The folk singer Joan Baez is arrested concerning a physical blockade of the U.S. Army's induction center in Oakland, California.
1968 The first outer-space live telecast was beamed from Apollo VII in orbit. Captain Walter Schirra, Jr., Major Donn Eisele and Major Walt Cunningham showed views of the satellite and views through the windows. The primary objectives for the Apollo VII engineering test flight, were simple: "Demonstrate Command/Service Module (CSM) and crew performance; demonstrate crew/space vehicle and mission support facilities performance during a manned CSM mission; demonstrate CSM rendezvous capability." The Apollo VII was launched 11 Oct 1968. For nearly 11 days, the Command Module was run through numerous tests. and was recovered after a 260-hour flight and 163 orbits.
1968 Vietnam War: 27 soldiers are arrested at the Presidio of San Francisco in California for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War.
1968 Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps will send about 24,000 soldiers and Marines back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours of duty in the combat zone there.
1968 Jim Hines of the United States of America becomes the first man ever to break the so-called "ten-second barrier" in the 100-meter sprint in the Summer Olympic Games held in Mexico City with a time of 9.95 seconds. Hines remained the only athlete to sprint 100 meters in under 10.0 seconds until the year 1977.
1976 Chris Chambliss' 9th inning lead off homer gives Yanks pennant #30
1977 Linda Ronstadt sings the national anthem at the 74th World Series
1978 First TV movie from a TV series-"Rescue from Gilligan's Island"
1979 NHL's greatest scorer Wayne Gretsky scores his first NHL goal.
1979 The first Gay Rights March on Washington, D.C., the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, demands "an end to all social, economic, judicial, and legal oppression of lesbian and gay people", and draws 200,000 people.
1981 - Four days of heavy rain across northern Texas and southern Oklahoma came to an end. The heaviest rains fell in a band from southwest of Abilene TX to McAlester OK, with up to 26 inches reported north of Gainesville, in north central Texas. The heavy rains were the result of decaying Hurricane Norma, which also spawned thirteen tornadoes across the region. Seven deaths were attributed to the flooding. (Storm Data)
1981 Citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial, Amnesty International charges the U.S. Federal Government with holding Richard Marshall of the American Indian Movement as a political prisoner.
1983 The National Council of Churches issued "The Inclusive Language Lectionary -- " Scripture readings translated to omit or blur gender references. God was thus called "Father and Mother" or "the One"; and "man" was replaced by "humanity" or "humankind." The translation proved shortlived.
1982 U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims a War on Drugs.
1984 Tigers defeat Padres 8-4 en route to a World Series victory
1984 - Dense fog contributed to a 118 vehicle accident on I-94, just south of Milwaukee WI. It was the seventh day of an eight day stretch of dense fog. At the time of the accident the visibility was reportedly close to zero. (Storm Data)
1985 On Monday Night football, Jets retire Joe Namath's #12, beat Miami 23-7
1986 The IOC decides to stagger the Winter & Summer Olympic schedule
1987 In Midland, TX Jessica McClure falls 22' (7m) down a well She was rescued 58 hours later
1987 - Sixteen cities, mostly in the Appalachain Region, reported record low temperatures for the date. Record lows included 43 degrees at Lake Charles LA, 35 degrees at Augusta GA, and 27 degrees at Asheville NC. Gale force winds buffeted the Carolina coast. Light snow fell across parts of Wyoming, Colorado, and western South Dakota. (The National Weather Summary)
1988 - Forty cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Elkins WV was the cold spot in the nation with a record low of 18 degrees above zero. Thunderstorms in Arizona drenched Phoenix with nine inches of rain in nine hours, the fifth highest total for any given day in ninety-two years of records. Carefree AZ was soaked with two inches of rain. (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather over Michigan during the morning, and over New York State and Connecticut during the afternoon and evening hours. Thunderstorms spawned two tornadoes, and there were ninety reports of large hail or damaging winds, including seventy reports of damaging winds in New York State. A tornado at McDonough NY killed one person and injured three other people. Strong thunderstorm winds gusted to 105 mph at Somerset. Temperatures warmed into the 80s and lower 90s over much of the nation east of the Rockies, with eleven cities reporting record high temperatures for the date. Afternoon highs of 81 degrees at Beckley WV and Bluefield WV equalled October records. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
1989 Texas A&I, Johnny Bailey sets NCAA season rush record at 6,085 yards
1993 Dr. Michael J. Walsh of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute announced that cystic fibrosis can be corrected by gene therapy.
1998 Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with six bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.
Births
1644 William Penn (d 1718) English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U. S. State of Pennsylvania. He was an early champion of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed.
1794 William B. Tappan, in Beverley, Massachusetts, hymnist and American Congregational advocate of the Sunday school, wrote "There Is An Hour of Peaceful Rest", "’Tis Midnight, and on Olive’s Brow" (d. 18 Jun 1849).
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/t/a/p/tappan_wb.htm
1806 Preston King (d 1865) United States Representative and Senator from New York.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston_King
1835 William G. Fischer, American sacred chorister. Three of his compositions later became hymn tunes: FISCHER ("Whiter Than Snow"), HANKEY ("I Love to Tell the Story") and ROCK OF REFUGE ("The Rock That is Higher Than I"). (d 1912)
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/f/i/fischer_wg.htm
1857 Elwood Haynes (d 1925) American inventor who built one of the first successful gasoline-powered automobiles. In 1886, when natural gas was found in his hometown of Portland, Indiana, Haynes organized a company to supply it to the town. He devised a method to dehydrate the gas prior to its being pumped through the lines. Also in 1886, he invented a small vapor thermostat used on natural gas. In 1893, he purchased a gasoline engine and designed a "horseless carriage." When Haynes was searching for an alloy that would make a durable spark plug electrode, he invented stellite alloy, which invention is still contributing to society today. Harder than steel and resistant to corrosion, this metal now plays an important part in fabrication of aeronautical materials suitable for exploration of outer space.
1873 Raymond "Ray" Clarence Ewry (d 1937) American track and field athlete who won 8 gold medals at the Olympic Games and 2 gold medals at the "Intercalated Games" (1906 in Athens). This puts him among the most successful Olympians of all time.
1876 Harry A. Ironside, (d 1951) American clergyman. Converted at 14, he preached for the Salvation Army, later for the Plymouth Brethren. From 1930-1948, he pastored at the Moody Memorial Church in Chicago.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_A._Ironside
1899 Alan M. Washbond (d 1965) American bobsledder who competed in the 1930s. A native of Keene Valley, New York, he won the gold medal in the two-man event at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
1890 Dwight D. Eisenhower, U.S. general and 34th President of the United States (d. 1969)
1892 Benjamin Sumner Welles (d 1961) American government official and diplomat in the Foreign Service. He was a major foreign policy advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and served as Under Secretary of State (the second-ranking position) from 1937 to 1943, during FDR's administration. On the August 11, 1941, issue of Time, Welles was featured on the cover.
1893 Lillian Diana Gish (d 1993) American stage, screen and television actress whose film acting career spanned 75 years, from 1912 to 1987.
1894 Edward Estlin Cummings (d 1962), popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as ee cummings (in the style of some of his poems), was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright. His body of work encompasses approximately 2,900 poems, two autobiographical novels, four plays and several essays, as well as numerous drawings and paintings. He is remembered as a preeminent voice of 20th century poetry, as well as one of the most popular.
1897 William A. Ogden (b. 10 December 1841), American sacred music writer.
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/o/g/ogden_wa.htm
1900 William Edwards Deming (d 1993) American statistician, the father of "Total Quality Management." After WW II, he contributed to Japan's economic recovery by recommending statistical methods of quality control in industrial production. His method embraced carefully tallying product defects, examining their causes, correcting the problems, and then tracking the results of these changes on subsequent product quality. In his career before the war, he had developed statistical sampling techniques that were first used in the 1940 U.S. census. From the 1980's in the U.S. Deming taught quality control through the statistical control of manufacturing processes for companies such as Ford, Xerox, and GM.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Edwards_Deming
1909 Dorothy Kingsley (d 1997) American screenwriter, who worked extensively in film, radio and television.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Kingsley
1910 John Robert Wooden American basketball coach member of the Basketball Hall of Fame as both a player (inducted in 1961) and as a coach (inducted in 1973). He was the first person ever enshrined in both categories. Only Lenny Wilkens and Bill Sharman have since been so honored. His ten NCAA national championships in a 12-year period while at UCLA are unmatched by any other college basketball coach. (d. 2010)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Wooden
1908 George Harold Brown (d 1987) American electrical engineer, a pioneer in radio-thermics, who made major contributions to the development of radio and television broadcast antennas. In 1936, Brown invented the so-called turnstyle antenna for television broadcasting. Because of this, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a TV system of 441 lines. In 1938, Brown developed the vestigial sideband filter for use in television transmission, doubling the horizontal resolution of television pictures at any given bandwith. During WW II, with RCA’s researchers, George Brown’s group used radio-frequency heating in the bulk dehydration of penicillin at E.R. Squibb, a "sewing machine" for thermoplastics, and more consistent riveting and welding techniques.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harold_Brown
www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_YXQVXb95Y
Dick Durrance clip begins at about 5:35.
1914 Richard "Dick" Henry Durrance, Jr. (d 2004) 17-time national championship skier and one of the first American skiers to compete successfully with European skiers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Durrance
1914 Raymond Davis, Jr. (d 2006) American chemist, physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate in 2002 with Japanese physicist Masatoshi Koshiba and American Riccardo Giacconi for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos, looking at the solar neutrino problem in the Homestake Experiment.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Davis,_Jr.
1916 Dr. Charles Everett Koop American pediatric surgeon and public health administrator. He was a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and served as thirteenth Surgeon General of the United States under President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1989.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Everett_Koop
1927 William E. "Bill" Justis Jr. (d 1982) American pioneer rock and roll musician, composer, and musical arranger, best known for his 1957 Grammy Hall of Fame song, "Raunchy."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Justis
1932 Enrico Di Giuseppe (d 2005) celebrated Italian-American operatic tenor who had an active performance career from the late 1950s through the 1990s. He spent most of his career performing in New York City, juggling concurrent performance contracts with both the New York City Opera (NYCO) and the Metropolitan Opera during the 1970s and 1980s. In the latter part of his career he was particularly active with the New York Grand Opera.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Di_Giuseppe
1938 John Wesley Dean III White House Counsel to United States President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. As White House Counsel, he became deeply involved in events leading up to the Watergate burglaries and the subsequent Watergate scandal cover up, even referred to as "master manipulator of the cover up" by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). He was convicted of multiple felonies as a result of Watergate, and went on to become a key witness for the prosecution, resulting in a reduction of his time in prison.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley_Dean,_III
1939 Ralph Lauren, New York, designer of popular western-style clothing. Ralph Lauren is the designer and purveyor of a line of popular clothes that sought to capture the "spirit of the West." The quintessential self-made man, Lauren was instrumental in creating a new national clothing style during the mid-1970s and 1980s with his self-consciously western "Chaps" brand. Although the Chaps line has since expanded to encompass a wide variety of casual clothes, it initially focused on products like stonewashed denim jeans and faded work shirts that Lauren deliberately designed to appear as if they were from the well-worn wardrobe of a hardworking western rancher. In 1983, Lauren expanded his western-oriented products with a complete line of home decorating items, including rugs, drapes, and linens, many of which had coordinating southwestern patterns. He even marketed a Chaps cologne for men which, in the words of one 1979 advertisement, evoked "an image of men who are real and proud" and gave the wearer a little piece of "the West you would like to feel inside of yourself."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Lauren
1946 J. Craig Venter American molecular geneticist who pioneered the use of automated gene sequencers. In 1990, he developed "expressed sequence tags" (ESTs), a new strategy for gene discovery and tagging that revolutionized the biological sciences. In 1995, Venter, in collaboration with Hamilton Smith, determined the DNA sequence of the entire genome (all the genetic material of an organism) of Hemophilus influenzae, a bacterium that causes earaches and meningitis in humans. The achievement marked the first time that the complete sequence of a free-living organism had been deciphered, and it was accomplished in less than a year. He founded the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). By 2000, his company Celera Genomics sequenced the human genome.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Craig_Venter
Deaths
1911 John Marshall Harlan (b 1833) Kentucky lawyer and politician who served as an associate justice on the Supreme Court. He is most notable as the lone dissenter in the infamous Civil Rights Cases (1883), and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which, respectively, struck down as unconstitutional federal anti-discrimination legislation and upheld Southern segregation statutes.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan
1961 Marmaduke Nathaniel Carter, longtime African American LCMS pastor in Chicago, (b. 7 Mar 1881).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=C&word=CARTER.MARMADUKENATHANIEL
1965 Randall Jarrell, American poet, novelist, critic, children's author and essayist (b. 1914)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Jarrell
1973 Edmund A. Chester, American broadcaster and journalist (b. 1897)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_A._Chester
1977 Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby (b 1903) American singer and actor. His career stretched more than half a century from 1926 until his death in 1977. Crosby's unique bass-baritone voice made him the best-selling recording artist until well into the rock era, with over half a billion records in circulation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Crosby
1986 Keenan Wynn, American actor, (Dallas, Call to Glory, Last Precinct) (b. 1916)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keenan_Wynn
1990 Leonard Bernstein (b 1918) American conductor, composer, author, music lecturer and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the United States of America to receive worldwide acclaim. He was probably best known to the public as the longtime music director of the New York Philharmonic, for conducting concerts by many of the world's leading orchestras, and for writing the music for West Side Story, Candide, Wonderful Town, and On the Town. Bernstein was the first classical music conductor to make numerous television appearances between 1954 and 1989. He had a formidable piano technique and as a composer also wrote symphonies and other concert music. According to The New York Times, he was "one of the most prodigally talented and successful musicians in American history."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein
1997 Harold Robbins (b 1916) was one of the best-selling American authors of all time. During his career, he wrote over 25 best-sellers, selling over 750 million copies in 32 languages.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Robbins
1998 Cleveland Amory, American writer and animal rights activist (b. 1917)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Amory
1998 Frankie Yankovic (b 1915 Davis, West Virginia) Grammy Award winning polka musician. Known as "America's Polka King," Yankovic was the premier artist to play in the Slovenian style during a long and successful career.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Yankovic
2006 Freddy Fender (b 1937) born Baldemar Garza Huerta in San Benito, Texas, United States, was an American Tejano, country and rock and roll musician, known for his work as a solo artist and in the groups Los Super Seven and the Texas Tornados. He is best known for his 1975 hits "Before the Next Teardrop Falls" and the subsequent remake of his own "Wasted Days and Wasted Nights".
2006 Nancy A. Lynn (b c. 1956) was born in Dayton, Ohio. A graduate of Denison University, entrepreneur, public speaker, actor, and pilot, Lynn is most well known for her role as an aerobatic pilot and flight instructor. Lynn owned and operated Lynn Aviation, an aerobatic flight school located at the Bay Bridge Airport in Stevensville, Maryland with her husband Scott Muntean and son Pete.
2006 Gerry Eastman Studds (b 1937) American Democratic Congressman from Massachusetts who served from 1973 until 1997. He was the first openly gay national politician in the U.S. In 1983 he was censured by the House of Representatives after he admitted to having had an affair with a 17-year-old page in 1973.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Eastman_Studds#Later_years_and_death
2009 Captain Lou Albano. American Professional Wrestler and Manager. (b. 1933)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Lou_Albano
Christian Feast Day:
Angadrisma
Fortunatus of Todi
Pope Callistus I
October 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyrs Nazarius, Celsius, Gervase and Protase, of Milan (54-68)
St. Parasceve (Petka) of Epibatos, Thrace, whose relics are in Iași, Romania (11th century)
Martyr Peter Apselamus of Eleutheropolis in Palestine (309)
Hieromartyr Silvanus of Gaza and with him 40 martyrs (311)
St. Nikola Sviatosha, prince of Chernigov and Wonderworker of the Kiev Caves (1143)
St. Cosmas, abbot of Yakhromsk (1492)
St. Euthymius the New of Thessalonica, confessor 889
St. Ignatius, metropolitan of Mithymna (1566)
Other commemorations
Icon of the Mother of God of Yakhrom
Day of the Cathedral of Living Pillar (Georgian Orthodox Church)
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_14
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/yeager-breaks-sound-barrier
www.amug.org/~jpaul/oct14.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_14_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.todayinsci.com/10/10_14.html
www.cyberhymnal.org/index.htm#lk
www.lcms.org/page.aspx?pid=387
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1014.htm
There are 79 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 24
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
222 Pope Callixtus I is killed by a mob in Rome's Trastevere after a 5-year reign1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence. in which he had stabilized the Saturday fast three times per year, with no food, oil, or wine to be consumed on those days. Callixtus is succeeded by cardinal Urban I.
Pope Callixtus I
1066 Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings, the Norman forces of William the Conqueror defeat the English army and kill King Harold II of England.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings
1322 Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's independence.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_the_Bruce
1582- Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar
1656 Massachusetts enacts the first punitive legislation against the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). The marriage of church-and-state in Puritanism makes them regard the Quakers as spiritually apostate and politically subversive.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_Society_of_Friends#Emigration_to_America
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_martyrs
1708 The General Court of Connecticut enacted the Saybrook Platform, later adopted by the colony's Congregational churches. The legislation instituted a form of church government more presbyterian than congregational in nature.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saybrook_Platform
1735 Methodist pioneer John Wesley first set sail to America, to minister to the Indians under Georgia Gov. Oglethorpe. On this same date, Wesley began keeping his famous, 55-year-long journal, whose last entry was dated Oct 24, 1790.
1773 Just before the beginning of the American Revolutionary War, several of the British East India Company's tea ships are set ablaze at the old seaport of Annapolis, Maryland.
1774 First Continental Congress is first to declare colonial rights. In October 1774 Congress also adopted a "Declaration of Rights and Grievances" that outlined members' views on the correct constitutional relationship between mother country and colonies. In argument and style, the Declaration mimicked the greatest English charters of rights, Magna Carta (1215) and the English Bill of Rights (1689), claiming that settlers who originally emigrated from England "by no means forfeited, surrendered, or lost any of those rights."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Rights_and_Grievances
1781 Peter Muhlenberg (1746–1807) was named senior commander at the Siege of Yorktown.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Muhlenberg#Military_career
1834 In Philadelphia, members of the American Whig Party and American Democrats carry out a brick, stone, and firearm, battle for the control of an election in Moyamensing Township, resulting in one death, several injuries, and the burning down of a block of the town's buildings.
1834 Henry Blair of Glenross, Maryland, received a U.S. patent on a corn planter (No. X8447). Two years later, on 31 Aug 1836, he was also issued a patent on a cotton seed planter (No. 15). Blair was born in Maryland about 1807 and lived until 1860. He was a successful farmer whose inventions met a need to increase efficiency in farming. His patents were signed with a simple "X" because he had not learned to read or write. Henry Blair was the second African-American to hold a patent. For some time he had been regarded as the first, until it became better known that the first African-American on record to be granted a patent was Thomas Jennings for a "dry-scouring" cleaning process (3 Mar 1821, No. X3306).
1841 John Christian Frederick Heyer (1793–1873), first missionary of the Lutheran General Synod to India and later a pastor in Minnesota, sailed from Boston on this date on his first missionary journey to India.
justus.anglican.org/resources/bio/14.html
1863 Confederate General Robert E. Lee attempts to drive the Union Army out of Virginia but fails when an outnumbered Union force repels the attacking Rebels.
In September 1863, two corps from the Union Army of the Potomac moved to Tennessee to reinforce the army of General William Rosecrans after his loss at the Battle of Chickamauga on September 19 and 20. When Lee heard of this, he suspected that the diminished Yankee army in Virginia was vulnerable. Lee was still outnumbered nearly two to one, but if he could place his army between the main Union force and Washington, D.C., the Confederates could relieve pressure on Virginia by forcing the Yankees closer to Washington.
On October 10, Lee moved his troops from their defenses along the Rapidan River and attempted to turn the Army of the Potomac's right flank. Union commander General George Meade was alerted to Lee's movement, and he quickly drew his army closer to Washington. The aggressive Lee realized that he had a chance to cut the Union army up piecemeal during the withdrawal. Confederate General Ambrose P. Hill spotted Yankees from General George Sykes's Fifth Corps near Bristoe Station on the afternoon of October 14. Thinking this was the rear of the Union army, Hill attacked and began driving the Federals away in disarray. The Confederates were surprised by the sudden appearance of Union General Gouverneur K. Warren's Second Corps. Warren's men were returning from a small battle at Auburn, Virginia, earlier that morning. Hill decided to attack this new force as well, but the Yankees were well protected by a railroad cut.
In a very short engagement, the Confederates suffered 1,400 men killed, wounded, and captured, while the Union lost only 546. "Bury these poor men," Lee somberly told Hill, "and let us say no more about it." The Union army was driven back 40 miles from its original positions, and the Confederates destroyed a large section of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, a key Union supply line. Nonetheless, the gains were temporary. The next month, Meade drove Lee back behind the Rapidan River.
1884 The first U.S. patent for transparent paper-strip photographic film on a temporary paper backing was issued to George Eastman of Rochester, N.Y. (No. 306,594). The film consisted of a layer of paper and a coating of insoluble sensitized gelatin emulsion, separated by a layer of soluble gelatin to enable separation after developing the exposed film. He invented this film in Feb 1884 and applied for the patent the next month. It was flexible, could be wrapped compactly on a roller and used within a roll-holder instead of the glass plate photographic materials then in use. It offered greater convenience, less weight and freedom from breakage. He began commercial manufacturing of the product on 26 Mar 1885
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Eastman
1885 After 15-year-old Jean Baptiste Jupille was severely bitten while with his bare hands he killed an attacking rabid dog to protect five other young shepherds in Villers-Farley, France. He shortly became the second person treated by Louis Pasteur's experimental vaccine for rabies. He was fortunate to be taken to Pasteur's laboratory. Pasteur's collaborator Emile Roux had thought of attenuating the power of the infection by exposing strips of fresh spinal marrow taken from a rabbit that had died of rabies to dry, sterile air for various lengths of time. The vaccine was a small piece of marrow ground up and suspended in sterilized broth. It had first been used on Joseph Meister on 6 Jul 1885. By 12 Apr 1886, 726 people had been treated.
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Jupille
1890 The Evangelical Alliance Mission was founded in Chicago, Illinois, by Fredrik Franson (1852–1908).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Evangelical_Alliance_Mission
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_Franson
1891 Protestant Episcopal clergyman Phillips Brooks (1835–1893) was consecrated Bishop of the Diocese of Massachusetts in Boston's Trinity Church.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Brooks
1894 Theodor Näther (1866–1904) and Franz Mohn (1867–1925) were commissioned for work in India as the Missouri Synod’s first foreign missionaries by Pres. Heinrich Schwan (1819–1905) at a meeting of the Western District in Saint Charles, Missouri. Näther sailed for India at once. Mohn followed a year later.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=N&word=NATHER.KARLGUSTAVTHEODOR
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=M&word=MOHN.FRANZEDWARD
1897 The Synod of Central and Southern Illinois was formed by a union of the synods of Central and Southern Illinois at Hillsboro, Illinois.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=I&word=ILLINOIS.EVANGELICALLUTHERANSYNODOFCENTRALANDSOUTHERN
1910 The English aviator Claude Grahame-White lands his Farman Aircraft biplane on Executive Avenue near the White House in Washington, D.C.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Grahame_White
1912 Bull Moose Teddy Roosevelt shot while campaigning in Milwaukee. John Schrank, a Bohemian born immigrant barkeeper took it upon himself to object to a violation of a sacred political tradition in the United States. Schrank shot Col. Theodore Roosevelt in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on October 14, 1912, while T.R. was busy completing his Progressive Party or "Bull Moose" Campaign for President against his former friend, President William Howard Taft (the Republican re-nominee), the Democratic Party Candidate Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey, and the Socialist Candidate Eugene Victor Debs. The speech and an eyeglass case saved T.R.'s life. He was strong enough to deliver the speech, and then to go to the hospital. Doctors there marveled at his physique - years of exercise gave the fifty - four year old President the body of a thirty year old man.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddy_Roosevelt
1922 The first automated telephones, the Pennsylvania exchange in New York City, become operational.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange
1922 In Detroit, Michigan, the Evangelical Association and the United Evangelical Church merged, forming the Evangelical Church. The combined membership at the time of the merger was 260,000.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Association
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Evangelical_Church
1926 The A.A. Milne book, "Winnie-the-Pooh", made its debut. Winnie the Pooh is one of the best-loved figures in British children's literature. Pooh was the creation of author A.A. Milne, who was inspired by the stuffed toys of his son Christopher Robin. Pooh is a chubby stuffed bear with a particular fondness for honey; his friends in the Hundred Acre Wood include Eeyore the sad donkey, Piglet the pig, and Tigger the bouncy tiger. (Christopher Robin also appears in the Pooh stories as the bear's friend and protector.) Pooh was introduced in the poetry collection When We Were Very Young (1924) and then starred in Milne's books Winnie-the-Pooh (1926), Now We Are Six (1927) and The House at Pooh Corner (1928).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnie-the-Pooh
1930 Ethel Merman makes her Broadway debut.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Merman
1934 "Lux Radio Theatre" premieres. Lux Radio Theater, a radio anthology series (NBC Blue Network (1934-1935); CBS (1935-1955), adapted first Broadway stage works, and then (especially) films to hour-long live radio presentations. It quickly became the most popular dramatic anthology series on radio, running more than twenty years. The program always began with an announcer proclaiming, "Ladies and gentlemen, Lux presents Hollywood!" Cecil B. DeMille was the host of the series each Monday evening from June 1, 1936, until January 22, 1945.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux_Radio_Theatre
1938 "Big Noise from Winnetka" recorded by the Bob Cats. The Bob Crosby Orchestra, and its combo side group, the Bob Cats, is considered one of the greatest jazz bands of all time, although in the mid- to late-1930s, when swing was king, Dixieland was considered old-fashioned by many young hipsters. The rhythm section was led by bassist Bob Haggart and drummer Ray Bauduc, the duo who wrote "South Rampart Street Parade" and "Big Noise from Winnetka," the latter turning out to be a huge hit. Other musicians featured in the band were Charlie Spivak and Billy Butterfield, and its singers included Kay Weber and Doris Day. The band's arranger was Deane Kincaide.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Noise_from_Winnetka
1938 The first flight of the Curtiss Aircraft Company's P-40 Warhawk fighter plane.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-40_Warhawk
1943 RCA (Radio Corporation of America) sold the NBC Blue Radio Network to Edward Noble for $8 million dollars. It was renamed the American Broadcasting Company.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Corporation_of_America
1943 Prisoners at the Nazi German Sobibor extermination camp in Poland revolted against the Germans, killing eleven SS troops who were guards there, and wounding many more. About 300 of the Sobibor Camp's 600 prisoners escaped from this Nazi extermination camp, and about 50 of these survived past the end of World War II (on May 8, 1945, European time).
1943 The American Eighth Air Force loses 60 B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers in aerial combat during the second mass-daylight air raid on the Schweinfurt ball-bearing factories in western Nazi Germany.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp
1944 Rommel forced to commit suicide. Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel (b 1891), popularly known as the Desert Fox (Wüstenfuchs,), German Field Marshal of World War II.
He was a highly decorated officer in World War I, awarded the Pour le Mérite for his exploits on the Italian front. In World War II, he further distinguished himself as the commander of the Ghost Division during the 1940 invasion of France. However, it was his leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African campaign that established the legend of the Desert Fox. He is considered to have been one of the most skilled commanders of desert warfare in the war. He later commanded the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion in Normandy.
Rommel is regarded as a chivalrous and humane officer because his Afrikakorps was never accused of any war crimes. Soldiers captured during his Africa campaign were reported to have been treated humanely; furthermore, he ignored orders to kill captured commandos, Jewish soldiers and civilians in all theaters of his command.
Late in the war, Rommel was convicted of joining the conspiracy against Adolf Hitler. Throughout the war, Rommel remained one of the last great heroes of Germany, the legendary Desert Fox. Because the German people still saw Rommel as a hero, Hitler chose not to publicly try and execute him. Instead, he was persuaded to commit suicide under threat of persecution of his family. The reason for Rommel's death only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rommel
1944 Athens, Greece, is liberated by British Army troops entering the city as the Nazi German Army pulls out during World War II. This clears the way for the Greek government-in-exile to return to its historic capital city, with George Papandreou, Sr., as the head-of-government.
1947 The Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors established the nation's first air pollution control program by creating the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District. It was a response to the serious smog in the city on 26 Jul 1943 when a noxious haze of smoke and exhaust fumes reduced visibility to under three blocks. From Oct 1943, the Smoke and Fumes Commission appointed by the city studied the problem. The causes it named were many: locomotive smoke, diesel truck fumes, back-yard rubbish burning plus the mountain topography, stagnant winds and atmospheric temperature inversions. On 31 Jul 1954, a six-year research program reported that the smog was caused by the chemical reaction of sunlight on auto and industrial emissions.
1947 Chuck Yeager, a WW II fighter pilot, became the first human to fly faster than the speed of sound, breaking through the sound barrier in a rocket powered Bell XS-1 airplane over Murac Dry Lake, California. The four rocket motors of this tiny needle-nosed research craft could gulp an entire supply of fuel in 2-1/2 minutes. To save fuel, the Bell XS-1 was carried aloft by a B-29 then released, and Yeager fired its rockets. At 37,000 feet the X-1 flew nicely, but began to buffet as it approached the sound barrier. When an airplane travels at the speed of sound the air particles ahead are compressed into an invisible "wall of thick air." Others flying with less powerful engines could not push through this wall, with hazardous and deadly results. Yeager succeeded.
1949 Eleven leaders of the American Communist Party are convicted, after a nine-month trial in a Federal District Court, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. Federal Government.
1950 "Goodnight Irene" by the Weavers with Gordon Jenkins topped the charts. The first result of their Decca contract was a collection of Christmas songs issued on a 10" LP, which didn't attract much attention. But their second session yielded a pair of songs, "Tzena Tzena Tzena," which got to number two, and "Goodnight Irene," which hit number one and stayed there for 13 weeks, and ended up selling two million copies as a double-sided hit single. Cut just before the group left the Vanguard in June of 1950, the two songs caught everyone by surprise with their sudden success.
1952 Korean War: United Nations and South Korean forces launched Operation Showdown against Chinese strongholds at the Iron Triangle. The resulting Battle of Triangle Hill was the biggest and bloodiest battle of 1952.
1954 With a cast of 25,000, the C.B. DeMille epic, "The Ten Commandments", starring Charlton Heston, began filming in Egypt.
1955 "Ethel and Albert" came to ABC-TV. Ethel and Albert was a comedy radio/TV series about a married couple, Ethel and Albert Arbuckle, living in the small town of Sandy Harbor. Peg Lynch brought her series to television in the early 1950s as a continuing 15-minute segment on The Kate Smith Hour during the 1952-1953 season. An Ethel and Albert television series was launched on NBC (April 25, 1953-December 25, 1954), moved to CBS (June 20, 1955-September 26, 1955) as a summer replacement for December Bride, and ended its television life on ABC (October 14, 1955-July 6, 1956).
1957 - Floodwaters roared through a migrant labor camp near the town of Picacho AZ flooding fifty cabins and a dozen nearby homes. 250 migrant workers lost their shelters. The month was one of the wettest Octobers in Arizona weather history. (The Weather Channel)
1957 "Wake Up Little Susie" by Everly Brothers topped the charts. "Wake Up Little Susie" was written by the husband and wife team of Felice and Boudleaux Bryant, who wrote most of The Everly Brothers songs in the '50s. Their songs were also recorded by Bob Dylan, Elvis, and Buddy Holly. It is about a young couple who fall asleep at the drive-in, realize they are out past curfew, and make up a story to tell Susie's parents. Chet Atkins played guitar on this.
1958 The American Atomic Energy Commission, with supporting military units, carries out an underground nuclear weapon test at the Nevada Test Site, just north of Las Vegas, Nevada.
1958 The District of Columbia's Bar Association votes to accept African-Americans as member attorneys.
1960 Peace Corps first suggested by JFK. In the early hours of Oct. 14, 1960, then Sen. John F. Kennedy made an unprepared campaign speech to a group of students on the steps of the Student Union at the University of Michigan. He asked if they would be willing to devote a few years of their life working in under-developed countries around the world to promote better understanding between the United States, developing countries and their peoples. Within weeks, 1,000 Michigan students had signed a petition calling for the establishment of the Peace Corps program. Less than one year later, on March 1, 1961, the Peace Corps was officially launched.
1960 The 4th legal definition of the metre was made to be 1,650,763.73 wavelengths in vacuum of the orange-red light radiation of the krypton-86 atom (transition between levels 2p10 and 5d5). This was now 100 times more accurate than the previous 3rd legal definition adopted in 1889.
1961 "Hit The Road Jack" by Ray Charles topped the charts. "Hit The Road Jack" was written by Ray's good friend Percy Mayfield, an R&B singer who was badly disfigured in a car accident soon after he started performing. Mayfield cut back his touring and made his mark as a prolific songwriter, with many of his compositions performed by Charles. It was the second (and shortest, at an even two minutes) of Charles' 3 #1 hits. This was the winner of the 1961 Grammy for Best Male Rhythm and Blues Recording.
1962 The Cuban Missile Crisis begins on October 14, 1962, bringing the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear conflict. Photographs taken by a high-altitude U-2 spy plane offered incontrovertible evidence that Soviet-made medium-range missiles in Cuba—capable of carrying nuclear warheads—were now stationed 90 miles off the American coastline.
Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union over Cuba had been steadily increasing since the failed April 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion, in which Cuban refugees, armed and trained by the United States, landed in Cuba and attempted to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro. Though the invasion did not succeed, Castro was convinced that the United States would try again, and set out to get more military assistance from the Soviet Union. During the next year, the number of Soviet advisors in Cuba rose to more than 20,000. Rumors began that Russia was also moving missiles and strategic bombers onto the island. Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev may have decided to so dramatically up the stakes in the Cold War for several reasons. He may have believed that the United States was indeed going to invade Cuba and provided the weapons as a deterrent. Facing criticism at home from more hard-line members of the Soviet communist hierarchy, he may have thought a tough stand might win him support. Khrushchev also had always resented that U.S. nuclear missiles were stationed near the Soviet Union (in Turkey, for example), and putting missiles in Cuba might have been his way of redressing the imbalance. Two days after the pictures were taken, after being developed and analyzed by intelligence officers, they were presented to President Kennedy. During the next two weeks, the United States and the Soviet Union would come as close to nuclear war as they ever had, and a fearful world awaited the outcome.
1964 Martin Luther King Jr wins Nobel Peace Prize. At the age of thirty-five, Martin Luther King, Jr., was the youngest man to have received the Nobel Peace Prize. When notified of his selection, he announced that he would turn over the prize money of $54,123 to the furtherance of the civil rights movement.
1964 Khrushchev ousted as premier of Soviet Union. Nikita Khrushchev is ousted as both premier of the Soviet Union and chief of the Communist Party after 10 years in power. He was succeeded as head of the Communist Party by his former protégé Leonid Brezhnev, who would eventually become the chief of state as well. The new Soviet leadership increased military aid to the North Vietnamese without trying to persuade them to attempt a negotiated end to hostilities. With this support and no external pressure to negotiate, the North Vietnamese leadership was free to carry on the war as they saw fit.
Also on this day, U.S. aircraft are permitted to fly with Laotian planes on operations against Communist movements along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in Laos. After considerable pressure from both Laos and the U.S. Air Force, the Pentagon authorized the Yankee Team jets to fly cover with the Laotian Air Force T-28s that were bombing the trails and installations used by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops making their way into Laos. The U.S. jets protected the Laotian planes from North Vietnamese MiGs attacks.
1965 - Heavy rains hit the coastal areas of southeastern Florida. In a 24 hour period rains of twenty inches were reported from Deerfield Beach to Fort Lauderdale, with 25.28 inches on the Fort Lauderdale Bahia-Mar Yacht Basin. Flooding that resulted caused considerable damage to roads and streets. The rains inundated numerous newly planted vegetable fields, and some residences. Ten miles away just 4.51 inches of rain was reported. (14th- 15th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
1965 Sandy Koufax hurls his 2nd shutout of World Series beating Twins 2-0. Working on two days rest, Sandy Koufax pitches a 3-hitter and blanks Minnesota 2-0, giving the Dodgers a 2nd World Championship in three years. He is named World Series MVP.
1967 "The Letter" by Box Tops topped the charts.
1967 The Vietnam War: The folk singer Joan Baez is arrested concerning a physical blockade of the U.S. Army's induction center in Oakland, California.
1968 The first outer-space live telecast was beamed from Apollo VII in orbit. Captain Walter Schirra, Jr., Major Donn Eisele and Major Walt Cunningham showed views of the satellite and views through the windows. The primary objectives for the Apollo VII engineering test flight, were simple: "Demonstrate Command/Service Module (CSM) and crew performance; demonstrate crew/space vehicle and mission support facilities performance during a manned CSM mission; demonstrate CSM rendezvous capability." The Apollo VII was launched 11 Oct 1968. For nearly 11 days, the Command Module was run through numerous tests. and was recovered after a 260-hour flight and 163 orbits.
1968 Vietnam War: 27 soldiers are arrested at the Presidio of San Francisco in California for their peaceful protest of stockade conditions and the Vietnam War.
1968 Vietnam War: The United States Department of Defense announces that the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps will send about 24,000 soldiers and Marines back to Vietnam for involuntary second tours of duty in the combat zone there.
1968 Jim Hines of the United States of America becomes the first man ever to break the so-called "ten-second barrier" in the 100-meter sprint in the Summer Olympic Games held in Mexico City with a time of 9.95 seconds. Hines remained the only athlete to sprint 100 meters in under 10.0 seconds until the year 1977.
1976 Chris Chambliss' 9th inning lead off homer gives Yanks pennant #30
1977 Linda Ronstadt sings the national anthem at the 74th World Series
1978 First TV movie from a TV series-"Rescue from Gilligan's Island"
1979 NHL's greatest scorer Wayne Gretsky scores his first NHL goal.
1979 The first Gay Rights March on Washington, D.C., the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, demands "an end to all social, economic, judicial, and legal oppression of lesbian and gay people", and draws 200,000 people.
1981 - Four days of heavy rain across northern Texas and southern Oklahoma came to an end. The heaviest rains fell in a band from southwest of Abilene TX to McAlester OK, with up to 26 inches reported north of Gainesville, in north central Texas. The heavy rains were the result of decaying Hurricane Norma, which also spawned thirteen tornadoes across the region. Seven deaths were attributed to the flooding. (Storm Data)
1981 Citing official misconduct in the investigation and trial, Amnesty International charges the U.S. Federal Government with holding Richard Marshall of the American Indian Movement as a political prisoner.
1983 The National Council of Churches issued "The Inclusive Language Lectionary -- " Scripture readings translated to omit or blur gender references. God was thus called "Father and Mother" or "the One"; and "man" was replaced by "humanity" or "humankind." The translation proved shortlived.
1982 U.S. President Ronald Reagan proclaims a War on Drugs.
1984 Tigers defeat Padres 8-4 en route to a World Series victory
1984 - Dense fog contributed to a 118 vehicle accident on I-94, just south of Milwaukee WI. It was the seventh day of an eight day stretch of dense fog. At the time of the accident the visibility was reportedly close to zero. (Storm Data)
1985 On Monday Night football, Jets retire Joe Namath's #12, beat Miami 23-7
1986 The IOC decides to stagger the Winter & Summer Olympic schedule
1987 In Midland, TX Jessica McClure falls 22' (7m) down a well She was rescued 58 hours later
1987 - Sixteen cities, mostly in the Appalachain Region, reported record low temperatures for the date. Record lows included 43 degrees at Lake Charles LA, 35 degrees at Augusta GA, and 27 degrees at Asheville NC. Gale force winds buffeted the Carolina coast. Light snow fell across parts of Wyoming, Colorado, and western South Dakota. (The National Weather Summary)
1988 - Forty cities in the eastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Elkins WV was the cold spot in the nation with a record low of 18 degrees above zero. Thunderstorms in Arizona drenched Phoenix with nine inches of rain in nine hours, the fifth highest total for any given day in ninety-two years of records. Carefree AZ was soaked with two inches of rain. (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather over Michigan during the morning, and over New York State and Connecticut during the afternoon and evening hours. Thunderstorms spawned two tornadoes, and there were ninety reports of large hail or damaging winds, including seventy reports of damaging winds in New York State. A tornado at McDonough NY killed one person and injured three other people. Strong thunderstorm winds gusted to 105 mph at Somerset. Temperatures warmed into the 80s and lower 90s over much of the nation east of the Rockies, with eleven cities reporting record high temperatures for the date. Afternoon highs of 81 degrees at Beckley WV and Bluefield WV equalled October records. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
1989 Texas A&I, Johnny Bailey sets NCAA season rush record at 6,085 yards
1993 Dr. Michael J. Walsh of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute announced that cystic fibrosis can be corrected by gene therapy.
1998 Eric Robert Rudolph is charged with six bombings including the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing in Atlanta, Georgia.
Births
1644 William Penn (d 1718) English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U. S. State of Pennsylvania. He was an early champion of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed.
1794 William B. Tappan, in Beverley, Massachusetts, hymnist and American Congregational advocate of the Sunday school, wrote "There Is An Hour of Peaceful Rest", "’Tis Midnight, and on Olive’s Brow" (d. 18 Jun 1849).
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/t/a/p/tappan_wb.htm
1806 Preston King (d 1865) United States Representative and Senator from New York.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston_King
1835 William G. Fischer, American sacred chorister. Three of his compositions later became hymn tunes: FISCHER ("Whiter Than Snow"), HANKEY ("I Love to Tell the Story") and ROCK OF REFUGE ("The Rock That is Higher Than I"). (d 1912)
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/f/i/fischer_wg.htm
1857 Elwood Haynes (d 1925) American inventor who built one of the first successful gasoline-powered automobiles. In 1886, when natural gas was found in his hometown of Portland, Indiana, Haynes organized a company to supply it to the town. He devised a method to dehydrate the gas prior to its being pumped through the lines. Also in 1886, he invented a small vapor thermostat used on natural gas. In 1893, he purchased a gasoline engine and designed a "horseless carriage." When Haynes was searching for an alloy that would make a durable spark plug electrode, he invented stellite alloy, which invention is still contributing to society today. Harder than steel and resistant to corrosion, this metal now plays an important part in fabrication of aeronautical materials suitable for exploration of outer space.
1873 Raymond "Ray" Clarence Ewry (d 1937) American track and field athlete who won 8 gold medals at the Olympic Games and 2 gold medals at the "Intercalated Games" (1906 in Athens). This puts him among the most successful Olympians of all time.
1876 Harry A. Ironside, (d 1951) American clergyman. Converted at 14, he preached for the Salvation Army, later for the Plymouth Brethren. From 1930-1948, he pastored at the Moody Memorial Church in Chicago.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_A._Ironside
1899 Alan M. Washbond (d 1965) American bobsledder who competed in the 1930s. A native of Keene Valley, New York, he won the gold medal in the two-man event at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
1890 Dwight D. Eisenhower, U.S. general and 34th President of the United States (d. 1969)
1892 Benjamin Sumner Welles (d 1961) American government official and diplomat in the Foreign Service. He was a major foreign policy advisor to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and served as Under Secretary of State (the second-ranking position) from 1937 to 1943, during FDR's administration. On the August 11, 1941, issue of Time, Welles was featured on the cover.
1893 Lillian Diana Gish (d 1993) American stage, screen and television actress whose film acting career spanned 75 years, from 1912 to 1987.
1894 Edward Estlin Cummings (d 1962), popularly known as E. E. Cummings, with the abbreviated form of his name often written by others in lowercase letters as ee cummings (in the style of some of his poems), was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright. His body of work encompasses approximately 2,900 poems, two autobiographical novels, four plays and several essays, as well as numerous drawings and paintings. He is remembered as a preeminent voice of 20th century poetry, as well as one of the most popular.
1897 William A. Ogden (b. 10 December 1841), American sacred music writer.
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/o/g/ogden_wa.htm
1900 William Edwards Deming (d 1993) American statistician, the father of "Total Quality Management." After WW II, he contributed to Japan's economic recovery by recommending statistical methods of quality control in industrial production. His method embraced carefully tallying product defects, examining their causes, correcting the problems, and then tracking the results of these changes on subsequent product quality. In his career before the war, he had developed statistical sampling techniques that were first used in the 1940 U.S. census. From the 1980's in the U.S. Deming taught quality control through the statistical control of manufacturing processes for companies such as Ford, Xerox, and GM.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Edwards_Deming
1909 Dorothy Kingsley (d 1997) American screenwriter, who worked extensively in film, radio and television.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Kingsley
1910 John Robert Wooden American basketball coach member of the Basketball Hall of Fame as both a player (inducted in 1961) and as a coach (inducted in 1973). He was the first person ever enshrined in both categories. Only Lenny Wilkens and Bill Sharman have since been so honored. His ten NCAA national championships in a 12-year period while at UCLA are unmatched by any other college basketball coach. (d. 2010)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Wooden
1908 George Harold Brown (d 1987) American electrical engineer, a pioneer in radio-thermics, who made major contributions to the development of radio and television broadcast antennas. In 1936, Brown invented the so-called turnstyle antenna for television broadcasting. Because of this, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a TV system of 441 lines. In 1938, Brown developed the vestigial sideband filter for use in television transmission, doubling the horizontal resolution of television pictures at any given bandwith. During WW II, with RCA’s researchers, George Brown’s group used radio-frequency heating in the bulk dehydration of penicillin at E.R. Squibb, a "sewing machine" for thermoplastics, and more consistent riveting and welding techniques.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harold_Brown
www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_YXQVXb95Y
Dick Durrance clip begins at about 5:35.
1914 Richard "Dick" Henry Durrance, Jr. (d 2004) 17-time national championship skier and one of the first American skiers to compete successfully with European skiers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Durrance
1914 Raymond Davis, Jr. (d 2006) American chemist, physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate in 2002 with Japanese physicist Masatoshi Koshiba and American Riccardo Giacconi for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos, looking at the solar neutrino problem in the Homestake Experiment.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Davis,_Jr.
1916 Dr. Charles Everett Koop American pediatric surgeon and public health administrator. He was a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and served as thirteenth Surgeon General of the United States under President Ronald Reagan from 1982 to 1989.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Everett_Koop
1927 William E. "Bill" Justis Jr. (d 1982) American pioneer rock and roll musician, composer, and musical arranger, best known for his 1957 Grammy Hall of Fame song, "Raunchy."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Justis
1932 Enrico Di Giuseppe (d 2005) celebrated Italian-American operatic tenor who had an active performance career from the late 1950s through the 1990s. He spent most of his career performing in New York City, juggling concurrent performance contracts with both the New York City Opera (NYCO) and the Metropolitan Opera during the 1970s and 1980s. In the latter part of his career he was particularly active with the New York Grand Opera.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Di_Giuseppe
1938 John Wesley Dean III White House Counsel to United States President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. As White House Counsel, he became deeply involved in events leading up to the Watergate burglaries and the subsequent Watergate scandal cover up, even referred to as "master manipulator of the cover up" by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). He was convicted of multiple felonies as a result of Watergate, and went on to become a key witness for the prosecution, resulting in a reduction of his time in prison.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley_Dean,_III
1939 Ralph Lauren, New York, designer of popular western-style clothing. Ralph Lauren is the designer and purveyor of a line of popular clothes that sought to capture the "spirit of the West." The quintessential self-made man, Lauren was instrumental in creating a new national clothing style during the mid-1970s and 1980s with his self-consciously western "Chaps" brand. Although the Chaps line has since expanded to encompass a wide variety of casual clothes, it initially focused on products like stonewashed denim jeans and faded work shirts that Lauren deliberately designed to appear as if they were from the well-worn wardrobe of a hardworking western rancher. In 1983, Lauren expanded his western-oriented products with a complete line of home decorating items, including rugs, drapes, and linens, many of which had coordinating southwestern patterns. He even marketed a Chaps cologne for men which, in the words of one 1979 advertisement, evoked "an image of men who are real and proud" and gave the wearer a little piece of "the West you would like to feel inside of yourself."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Lauren
1946 J. Craig Venter American molecular geneticist who pioneered the use of automated gene sequencers. In 1990, he developed "expressed sequence tags" (ESTs), a new strategy for gene discovery and tagging that revolutionized the biological sciences. In 1995, Venter, in collaboration with Hamilton Smith, determined the DNA sequence of the entire genome (all the genetic material of an organism) of Hemophilus influenzae, a bacterium that causes earaches and meningitis in humans. The achievement marked the first time that the complete sequence of a free-living organism had been deciphered, and it was accomplished in less than a year. He founded the Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR). By 2000, his company Celera Genomics sequenced the human genome.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Craig_Venter
Deaths
1911 John Marshall Harlan (b 1833) Kentucky lawyer and politician who served as an associate justice on the Supreme Court. He is most notable as the lone dissenter in the infamous Civil Rights Cases (1883), and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which, respectively, struck down as unconstitutional federal anti-discrimination legislation and upheld Southern segregation statutes.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan
1961 Marmaduke Nathaniel Carter, longtime African American LCMS pastor in Chicago, (b. 7 Mar 1881).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=C&word=CARTER.MARMADUKENATHANIEL
1965 Randall Jarrell, American poet, novelist, critic, children's author and essayist (b. 1914)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randall_Jarrell
1973 Edmund A. Chester, American broadcaster and journalist (b. 1897)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_A._Chester
1977 Harry Lillis "Bing" Crosby (b 1903) American singer and actor. His career stretched more than half a century from 1926 until his death in 1977. Crosby's unique bass-baritone voice made him the best-selling recording artist until well into the rock era, with over half a billion records in circulation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bing_Crosby
1986 Keenan Wynn, American actor, (Dallas, Call to Glory, Last Precinct) (b. 1916)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keenan_Wynn
1990 Leonard Bernstein (b 1918) American conductor, composer, author, music lecturer and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the United States of America to receive worldwide acclaim. He was probably best known to the public as the longtime music director of the New York Philharmonic, for conducting concerts by many of the world's leading orchestras, and for writing the music for West Side Story, Candide, Wonderful Town, and On the Town. Bernstein was the first classical music conductor to make numerous television appearances between 1954 and 1989. He had a formidable piano technique and as a composer also wrote symphonies and other concert music. According to The New York Times, he was "one of the most prodigally talented and successful musicians in American history."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein
1997 Harold Robbins (b 1916) was one of the best-selling American authors of all time. During his career, he wrote over 25 best-sellers, selling over 750 million copies in 32 languages.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Robbins
1998 Cleveland Amory, American writer and animal rights activist (b. 1917)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Amory
1998 Frankie Yankovic (b 1915 Davis, West Virginia) Grammy Award winning polka musician. Known as "America's Polka King," Yankovic was the premier artist to play in the Slovenian style during a long and successful career.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie_Yankovic
2006 Freddy Fender (b 1937) born Baldemar Garza Huerta in San Benito, Texas, United States, was an American Tejano, country and rock and roll musician, known for his work as a solo artist and in the groups Los Super Seven and the Texas Tornados. He is best known for his 1975 hits "Before the Next Teardrop Falls" and the subsequent remake of his own "Wasted Days and Wasted Nights".
2006 Nancy A. Lynn (b c. 1956) was born in Dayton, Ohio. A graduate of Denison University, entrepreneur, public speaker, actor, and pilot, Lynn is most well known for her role as an aerobatic pilot and flight instructor. Lynn owned and operated Lynn Aviation, an aerobatic flight school located at the Bay Bridge Airport in Stevensville, Maryland with her husband Scott Muntean and son Pete.
2006 Gerry Eastman Studds (b 1937) American Democratic Congressman from Massachusetts who served from 1973 until 1997. He was the first openly gay national politician in the U.S. In 1983 he was censured by the House of Representatives after he admitted to having had an affair with a 17-year-old page in 1973.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry_Eastman_Studds#Later_years_and_death
2009 Captain Lou Albano. American Professional Wrestler and Manager. (b. 1933)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Lou_Albano
Christian Feast Day:
Angadrisma
Fortunatus of Todi
Pope Callistus I
October 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyrs Nazarius, Celsius, Gervase and Protase, of Milan (54-68)
St. Parasceve (Petka) of Epibatos, Thrace, whose relics are in Iași, Romania (11th century)
Martyr Peter Apselamus of Eleutheropolis in Palestine (309)
Hieromartyr Silvanus of Gaza and with him 40 martyrs (311)
St. Nikola Sviatosha, prince of Chernigov and Wonderworker of the Kiev Caves (1143)
St. Cosmas, abbot of Yakhromsk (1492)
St. Euthymius the New of Thessalonica, confessor 889
St. Ignatius, metropolitan of Mithymna (1566)
Other commemorations
Icon of the Mother of God of Yakhrom
Day of the Cathedral of Living Pillar (Georgian Orthodox Church)
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_14
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/yeager-breaks-sound-barrier
www.amug.org/~jpaul/oct14.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_14_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.todayinsci.com/10/10_14.html
www.cyberhymnal.org/index.htm#lk
www.lcms.org/page.aspx?pid=387
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1014.htm