Post by farmgal on Oct 9, 2012 22:35:11 GMT -5
October 11 is the 285th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 81 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 27
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1521 "Defender of the Faith" title given to King Henry VIII. This was a title conferred by Pope Leo X in 1521 upon Henry VIII for his defence of the Catholic faith in a treatise against Luther, and retained ever since by the sovereigns of England, though revoked by Pope Paul III in 1535 in consequence of Henry's apostasy.
1614 Adriaen Block and 12 Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the New Netherland colony.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriaen_Block
1767 Surveying for the Mason-Dixon Line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason-Dixon_Line
The Arch Street wharf, where the first cluster of cases were identified
1793 Yellow fever breaks out in Philadelphia. The death toll from a yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia hits 100 on this day in 1793. By the time it ended, 5,000 people were dead.
Yellow fever, or American plague as it was known at the time, is a viral disease that begins with fever and muscle pain. Next, victims often become jaundiced (hence, the term "yellow" fever), as their liver and kidneys cease to function normally. Some of the afflicted then suffer even worse symptoms. Famous early American Cotton Mather described it as "turning yellow then vomiting and bleeding every way." Internal bleeding in the digestive tract causes bloody vomit. Many victims become delirious before dying.
The virus, like malaria, is carried and transferred by mosquitoes.
The first yellow fever outbreaks in the United States occurred in late 1690s. Nearly 100 years later, in the late summer of 1793, refugees from a yellow fever epidemic in the Caribbean fled to Philadelphia. Within weeks, people throughout the city were experiencing symptoms. By the middle of October, 100 people were dying from the virus every day. Caring for the victims so strained public services that the local city government collapsed. Philadelphia was also the seat of the United States government at the time, but federal authorities simply evacuated the city in face of the raging epidemic.
Eventually, a cold front eliminated Philadelphia’s mosquito population and the death toll fell to 20 per day by October 26. Today, a vaccine prevents yellow fever in much of the world, though 20,000 people still die every year from the disease.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Fever_Epidemic_of_1793
Royal Savage is shown run aground and burning, while British ships fire on her (watercolor by unknown artist, ca. 1925)
1776 American Revolution: Battle of Valcour Island – On Lake Champlain 15 American gunboats are defeated but give Patriot forces enough time to prepare defenses of New York City.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Valcour_Island
1809 Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis
1811 The first steam-powered ferryboat, the Juliana, began operation by between New York City and Hoboken, NJ. Its inventor, John Stevens, designed improvements in steamboats, obtained one of the first U.S. patents (1791) and experimented on the Passaic River, (1798 - 1800), with the steamboat, Polacca, but unsuccessfully due to excessive vibrations and leaks. By 1803, Stevens had patented an improved multitubular boiler and outfitted the Little Juliana which sailed successfully in New York harbor (1804) and thus was one of the earliest twin screw sailboats. After building other ships, in 1811, he bought a commercial ferry license in NY state and operated a horse powered ferry while building the first steam ferry, Juliana.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1810s#Steamboats
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stevens_(inventor)
1862 American Civil War: In the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam, Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during a raid into the north.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.E.B._Stuart
1864 Slavery abolished in Maryland
1865 President Johnson paroles CSA VP Alexander Stephens
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stephens
1881 Roll film for cameras was patented by David H. Houston, who was a Scottish immigrant that travelled to homestead in Dakota (1879) on a 400-acre farm, 30 miles NE of Fargo. His many patents ranged from a disc plow to a portable camera. George Eastman bought 21 patents on cameras from him, including the invention that made Houston famous - a portable camera designed in 1879, for which Houston received $5000 plus monthly royalties for life. This camera suited the everyday person, rather than a professional photographer's big studio camera on wheels. First sold by Eastman in 1881 for $25, the Kodak camera came loaded with a 100-exposure film that Houston would process and reload the camera for $10. Houston died a rich man in 1906.
inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_rolled_film_camera.htm
1884 Martin Luther College (New Ulm, Minnesota) was founded.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_College
1887 A patent for the adding machine was granted to Dorr Eugene Felt of Chicago, Illinois. His Comptometer was the first practical key-driven calculator with sufficient speed, reliablility and economic benefit. He called his original prototype the "Macaroni box", a rough model that Felt created over the year-end holidays in 1884-85. The casing was a grocery macaroni box, assembled with a jackknife using meat skewers as keys, staples as key guides and elastic bands for springs. Door improved his design, producing his earliest commercial wooden-box Comptometer from 1887 thru 1903, leading to the first steel case Model A (1904 that would be standard for the remainder for all "shoebox" models. Electric motor drive was introduced in the 1920's.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adding_machine
1890 First 100 yard dash under 10 seconds (John Owens 9-4/5 seconds, Washington DC)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Murphy_(trainer_and_coach)#Detroit_Athletic_Club
1890 The Central American Mission was founded by C. I. Scofield (1843–1921) in Dallas, Texas.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._I._Scofield
www.corporationwiki.com/Texas/Dallas/the-central-american-mission-inc-3594056.aspx
1890 Daughters of the American Revolution founded in Washington, DC.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution
1892 Thomas A. Edison was issued a patent for an "Electrical Depositing-Meter" (U.S. No. 484,183).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Edison
1899 The Western League is renamed the American League.
1906 - San Francisco public school board sparks United States diplomatic crisis with Japan by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
aapcgroup11.blogspot.com/2009/12/san-francisco-board-of-education-and.html
1910 - Ex-president Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. He flew for four minutes with Arch Hoxsey in a plane built by the Wright Brothers at Kinloch Field (Lambert-St. Louis International Airport), St. Louis, Missouri.
1918 The General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the USA, the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America and the United Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the South merged in New York City to form the United Lutheran Church in America.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=U&word=UNITEDLUTHERANCHURCHINAMERICA.THE
1922 1st woman FBI "special investigator" appointed (Alaska Davidson)
www.fbi.gov/news/photos/alaska-davidson/view
1923 A mail car is exploded in a train robbery. Three men blow up the mail car of a Southern Pacific train carrying passengers through southern Oregon in a botched robbery attempt. Just as the train entered a tunnel, two armed men jumped the engineer. A third man appeared with a bomb that the thieves intended to use to open the mail car. However, the explosives were too powerful and the entire mail car was blown to bits, killing the clerk inside. In the ensuing chaos, the train robbers shot the train's engineer, fireman, and brakeman, and then fled. They left behind the detonator and some clothes, but bloodhounds were unable to track them.
Southern Pacific decided to bring in Edward O. Heinrich, the "The Edison of Crime Detection," to solve the crime. He immediately asked to examine the clothes that the gang had discarded at the crime scene. Within a day, Heinrich produced a profile that led to the capture of the train robbers.
Heinrich noted that what the police had thought were grease stains were actually created by pitch from fir trees, commonly found on clothing worn by lumberjacks of the region. He also found a strand of hair that helped him peg the age of one of the robbers. Heinrich also noticed that the wear and tear on the buttons of one shirt indicated that its owner was left-handed. Most important, he found a scrap of paper that turned out to be part of a mail receipt. He tracked the mail receipt, and the identities of the three men were soon known.
In March 1927, twins Ray and Roy D'Autremont and their teenage brother, Hugh, were finally brought to justice. One was found in the Philippines and the other two in Ohio. They all pleaded guilty and were sentenced to life in prison. It was only one of the estimated 2,000 cases that Edward O. Heinrich was credited with solving before his death in 1953.
www.questia.com/library/1G1-168212200/he-made-mute-evidence-speak-edward-o-heinrich
1925 - Widespread early snows fell in the northeastern U.S., with as much as two feet in New Hampshire and Vermont. The heavy snow blocked roads and cancelled football games. (David Ludlum)
J. C. Penney mother store in Kemmerer, Wyoming.
1929 JC Penney opens store #1252 in Milford, Delaware, making it a nationwide company with stores in all 48 U.S. states.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JC_Penney
1932 First political telecast (Democratic National Committee) at CBS, NYC
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention
1936 "Professor Quiz", first radio quiz show premieres
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor_Quiz
1938 R. Games Slayter (d 1964) and John H. Thomas patent glass wool and the machinery to make it. Games Slayter, the driving force behind Owens Corning technology and innovation, sought to make a finer glass fiber material. In 1932, Dale Kleist, a young researcher under Jack Thomas (Slayter's research assistant), working on an unrelated experiment accidentally caused a jet of compressed air to strike a stream of molten glass, resulting in fine glass fibers. By Fall 1932, Kleist refined the process by using steam, to make glass fiber material thin enough for commercial fiber glass insulation. From March 1933, Games Slayter directed Jack Thomas in experiments using glass wool, instead of natural or other synthetic fibers, on textile machinery.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_wool
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Games_Slayter
1939 Albert Einstein issues a warning to FDR that his theories could lead to Nazi Germany's development of an atomic bomb. Einstein suggested the U.S. develop its own bomb. This resulted in the top secret "Manhattan Project.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein
1939 "Body and Soul", by jazz great Coleman Hawkins, was waxed on Bluebird Records.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_and_Soul_(song)
1940 Coventry Cathedral and much of the city center of Coventry, England, were destroyed by the German Luftwaffe during the Coventry Blitz.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Blitz#August_to_October_1940
The heavily damaged Japanese cruiser Aoba disembarks dead and wounded crewmembers near Buin, Bougainville and the Shortland Islands a few hours after the battle on October 12, 1942
1942 United States defeats Japanese in the Battle of Cape Esperance. On this day in 1942, the American Navy intercepts a Japanese fleet of ships on their way to reinforce troops at Guadalcanal. The Navy succeeded in its operation, sinking a majority of the ships.
The battle for Guadalcanal began in August, when the Marines landed in the first American offensive of the war. The ground fighting saw U.S. troops gain a decisive edge, wiping out detachments and regiments in brutal combat. The most effective Japanese counterstrikes came from the air and sea, with bombing raids harassing the Marines and threatening their dwindling supplies. But before the Japanese could reinforce their own ground troops, the Navy went to work.
The battle of Cape Esperance, on the northwest coast of Guadalcanal Island, commenced at night between surface ships; all Japanese reinforcements came at night, an operation nicknamed the Tokyo Express. The Navy sank one Japanese cruiser, the Furutaka, and three destroyers, while losing only one of their own destroyers. In characteristic fashion, those Japanese sailors who found themselves floundering in the water refused rescue by Americans; they preferred to be devoured by the sharks as a fate less shameful than capture.
Unfortunately, the loss of American manpower was greater than that of hardware: 48 sailors from the American destroyer Duncan were the victims of crossfire between the belligerents, and more than a hundred others died when an American cruiser turned on a searchlight to better target a Japanese ship. It also had the unintended effect of illuminating the sailors of the cruiser, making them easy targets.
The American Navy continued to harass Japanese ships trying to reinforce the Japanese position on the island; relatively few Japanese troops made it ashore. By the end of 1942, the Japanese were ready to evacuate the island--in defeat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Esperance
1948 "The Brighter Day", a soap opera, premiered, aired on CBS-TV from January 4, 1954 to September 28, 1962. It ran, at times, simultaneously on the NBC radio network; the NBC radio run was from 1948 to 1956. The radio and television versions were created by Irna Phillips. The first and only soap opera to air on network television with an explicitly religious theme, the show revolved around Reverend Richard Dennis and his four children, Althea, Patsy, Babby, and Grayling.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brighter_Day
1950 Television: CBS's mechanical color system is the first to be licensed for broadcast by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_TV
1954 - A deluge of 6.72 inches of rain in 48 hours flooded the Chicago River, causing ten million dollars damage in the Chicago area. (9th-11th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
1957 Space Race: M.I.T. scientists calculate Sputnik I's booster rocket's orbit.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_I
1958 The lunar probe Pioneer I was launched and burned up in the atmosphere. Propelled by the U. S. 's desire to beat the Soviet Union to the moon, each of the three Pioneer vehicles were designed to go into orbit around the Moon and photograph the Moon's surface. The first vehicle, Pioneer 0, was launched by the USAF and was destroyed 77 seconds after launch when the rocket's first stage exploded. Pioneer 1 was the first spacecraft launched by NASA. A programming error in the Pioneer 1 launch vehicle upper stage resulted in Pioneer 1 being given insufficient velocity to escape the Earth's gravitational field. Although lunar orbit was not achieved, it did reach an altitude of 113,854 km above Earth and provided data on the extent of the Earth's radiation belts. The vehicle re-entered over the Pacific Ocean 2 days later.
1958 "It's All In The Game" by Tommy Edwards topped the charts.
1958 Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).
1961 USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 216,874 feet. White was designated the Air Force's primary pilot for the X-15 program in 1958. In February, 1961, White unofficially set a new air speed record when he flew the X-15 at a speed of 2 275 mph (3660 km/h), following the installation of a 57 000 lbf (254 kN) thrust XLR-99 engine. White was the first human to fly an aircraft at Mach 4 and later Mach 5 over the next eight months.
1962 First appearance of a Gabor sister on the Merv Griffin Show
1962 Second Vatican Council: Pope John XXIII convenes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
1968 Apollo 7, the first manned Apollo mission was launched from Cape Kennedy, Fla., at 11:02:45 a.m., EST, on October 11, 1968 from launch complex 34 on top of a Saturn IB. The spacecraft crew consisted of commander Walter M. Schirra, Jr., command module pilot Donn F. Eisele, and Walter Cunningham as lunar module pilot. Apollo 7 carried a lunar module pilot, but no lunar module. Apollo 7 spent more time in space than all the Soviet space flights combined up to that time. The mission featured the first live TV from a manned spacecraft.
1969 "Sugar, Sugar" by the Archies topped the charts.
1971 Frank McGee becomes news anchor of the Today Show.
1971 His Holiness Shenouda III (b. 3 Aug 1923) was consecrated as the 117th Patriarch of Alexandria and the See of Saint Mark, the pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenouda_III
1972 – A race riot occurs on the United States Navy aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam during Operation Linebacker.
1975 "Saturday Night Live" premieres with guest host George Carlin. Saturday Night Live (SNL) was a weekly late night 90-minute American comedy-variety show based in New York City which has been broadcast by NBC on Saturday nights since October 11, 1975. The first cast members were Second City alumni Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, and Gilda Radner and National Lampoon "Lemmings" alumni Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Laraine Newman, and Garrett Morris.
1975 "Bad Blood" by Neil Sedaka topped the charts.
1976 George Washington's appointment, posthumously, to the grade of General of the Armies of the United States by congressional joint resolution Public Law 94-479 is approved by President Gerald R. Ford.
1980 "Another One Bites the Dust" by Queen topped the charts
1983 The last hand-cranked (magneto) telephones in the United States went out of service as 440 telephone customers in Bryant Pond, Maine, were switched to direct-dial service. Prior to that time a resident's number could be as short as 33. Those living close enough to the telephone office might get to answer the phone, even if they were outside because the operator could just yell out the window!
1984 Astronaut Kathy Sullivan was the first American woman to walk in space.
1984 VP candidate debate-Geraldine Ferraro (D) & George Bush (R)
1986 Reagan & Gorbachev open talks at a summit in Reykjavik, Iceland
1986 "When I Think of You" by Janet Jackson topped the charts.
1986 Cold War: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe.
1987 - More than thirty cities in the Upper Midwest reported record low temperatures for the date, including Waterloo IA and Scottsbluff NE where the mercury dipped to 16 degrees. Tropical Storm Floyd brought heavy rain to southern Florida, moisture from Hurricane Ramon produced heavy rain in southern California, and heavy snow blanketed the mountains of New York State and Vermont. (The National Weather Summary)
1988 - Low pressure brought gale force winds to the Great Lakes Region, with snow and sleet reported in some areas. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed in the north central U.S. The mercury hit 84 degrees at Cutbank MT and Worland WY. The temperature at Gunnison CO soared from a morning low of 12 degrees to a high of 66 degrees. (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Much of the nation enjoyed "Indian Summer" type weather. Nine cities in the central U.S. reported record highs for the date as temperatures warmed into the 80s and 90s. Record highs included 90 degrees at Grand Island NE and 97 degrees at Waco TX. Strong winds along a cold front crossing the Northern High Plains Region gusted to 80 mph at Ames Monument WY during the early morning. (The National Weather Summary)
1990 Oil hits a record $40.42 per barrel
1991 Anita Hill testifies Clarence Thomas sexually harrassed her
1994 The space probe Magellan ended its mission to explore Venus when flight controllers lowered its orbit into Venus' dense atmosphere and it plunged toward the surface. Radio contact was lost the next day. Although much of Magellan was vaporized, some sections are thought to have hit the planet's surface intact. Launched 4 May 1989 in the cargo bay with the STS-30 Space Shuttle Atlantis mission, Magellan arrived at its planned polar orbit around Venus on 10 Aug 1990. As it circled once every 3-hr 15-min, the planet rotated slowly beneath it, and Magellan had collected radar images of the surface in strips about 17-28 km (10-17 mi) wide and radioed back the information on the large shield volcanoes, vast lava plains and sparse craters.
1995 Americans Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland, and Dutch scientist Paul Crutzen won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work warning that CFCs are eating away Earth's ozone layer. In 1970, Dr. Crutzen showed that nitrogen oxides are important in the natural balance of ozone in the upper atmosphere. Thus research rapidly escalated into global biogeochemical cycles. In 1974, Drs. Molina and Rowland established that there was a threat to the ozone layer from man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), such as gases then used in spray cans. More than a decade before the Antarctic ozone hole was discovered, their research stirred the international response to control the emissions of CFCs to protect the ozone layer.
1997 "Candle In The Wind" by Elton John topped the charts. John's 1995 album Made in England continued his comeback, going platinum. The 1997 follow-up, The Big Picture, delivered more of the same well-crafted pop, made the Top Ten, and produced a hit in "Something About the Way You Look Tonight." However, its success was overshadowed by John's response to the tragic death of Princess Diana -- he re-recycled "Candle in the Wind" (originally a eulogy for Marilyn Monroe) as a tribute to his dead friend, with Taupin adapting the lyrics for what was planned as the B-side of "Something About the Way You Look Tonight."
2001 – The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
2002 Jimmy Carter wins Nobel Prize
2007 – The record high of the Dow Jones Industrial Average occurs at 14,198.10 points.
Births
1786 Stevenson Archer (d 1848) United States Representative from Maryland, representing the sixth district from 1811 to 1817, and the seventh district from 1819 to 1821. His son Stevenson Archer and father John Archer were also U.S. Congressmen from Maryland.
1803 John Gottlieb Morris, president of the General Synod, in York, Pennsylvania (d 10 Oct 1895).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=M&word=MORRIS.JOHNGOTTLIEB
1803 Jacob Abbott, American Congregationalist, authof of children's books, at Hallowell, Maine (d 31 Oct 1879).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Abbott
1809 Orson Squire Fowler, (d 1887) phrenologist who popularized the octagon house in the middle of the nineteenth century.
1814 Jean Baptiste Lamy, first Archbishop of Santa Fe (d. 1888)
1821 George Williams (d 1905) founded the YMCA to evangelize rootless young men in the cities and provide them with needed recreational activities and guidance to make them useful and keep them from lives of sin. Williams had a strong impact.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Williams_(YMCA)
1844 Henry John Heinz (d 1919) Businessperson who founded H.J. Heinz Co.and invented the "57 varieties" slogan was a born salesman. His entrepreneur and business genius had roots in post-Civil War Pittsburgh, where iron, steel and glass factories were forging industrial America. By age 12 he was peddling produce from the family garden. At 25, in 1869, he and a friend launched Heinz & Noble. Its first product: Henry's mother's grated horseradish, bottled in clear glass to reveal its purity. Heinz & Noble thrived until an overabundance of crops in 1875 brought bankruptcy. But Henry plunged back in, eventually building a model factory complex along the Allegheny River. By 1896, at only 52, the pickle king had become a millionaire and celebrity. Under his tutelage, the company was noted for fair treatment of workers and for pioneering safe and sanitary food preparation. Heinz led a successful lobbying effort in favor of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. He also was very involved working in his church's Sunday school and participated in various philanthropic endeavors, notably the Sarah Heinz settlement house in Pittsburgh, which he founded in 1894 and named after his wife.
1855 James Gayley (d 1920) American metallurgist who invented a device to ensure uniform humidity in the air stream going into blast furnaces. With prior experience at several iron works, Gayley was hired by the Edgar Thomson Steel Works as Superintendent of the Blast Furnaces (1885). In this capacity was an economist, and made a record reduction in the coke consumption. He invented the bronze cooling plate for blast furnace walls, the auxiliary casting stand for Bessemer steel plants, and was the first to use the compound condensing blowing engine with the Blast Furnace. He also invented the dry-air blast, for which the Franklin Institute awarded him the Elliott Cresson medal. Gayley rose to first vice-president of the U.S.Steel Corp and acquired a large fortune.
1865 Charles Atwood Kofoid (d 1947) American zoologist whose classification of many new species of marine protozoans helped establish systematic marine biology. Named director of the University of Illinois Biological Experiment Station in Havana, IL. (1895-1903), Kofoid investigated plankton in the river and backwater lakes. He joined the newly founded Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1903). Kofoid was a member of their scientific staff on the US Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the Albatross Expedition (l904-5) off the coast of San Diego, CA. Two summers (1908,9), he toured the marine biological stations of Europe, buying instruments and collecting information on buildings and aquaria to help plan the San Diego Marine Biological Station.
1871 Harriet Ann Boyd Hawes (d 1945) American archaeologist and social activist who gained renown for her discoveries of ancient remains in Crete. She went to Crete in 1900, and with the encouragement of Arthur Evans, began to excavate a Minoan site at Kavousi where she discovered some Iron Age Tombs. From 1901-05 she led a large team that excavated the early Bronze Age Minoan town of Gournia, becoming the first woman to head a major archaeological dig. As a community of humble artisans, Gournia was of particular interest to archaeologists, complementing as it did the more elaborate palaces being unearthed at Knossos and elsewhere. In 1908 she published her monumental work on Gournia. During WW I she went to Corfu to help nurse the Serbians (1916).
1872 Harlan Fiske Stone, 12th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946)
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1884 Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States and humanitarian (d. 1962)
1895 Avis B. Christiansen, devotional author, one of the most prolific hymnwriters of the 20th century, two of her most enduring hymns today are "Up Calvary's Mountain" and "Precious Hiding Place."
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/c/h/r/christiansen_amb.htm
1897 Nathan Farragut Twining, KBE (d 1982) United States Air Force General, born in Monroe, Wisconsin.[1] He was Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 1953 until 1957. As Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1957 to 1960 he was the first member of the Air Force to serve in that role.
1905 Fred Trump, American real estate developer, father of Donald Trump (d. 1999)
1910 Joseph Wright Alsop V (d 1989) American journalist and syndicated newspaper columnist from the 1930s through the 1970s.
1912 Betty Noyes, singer who dubbed Debbie Reynolds' singing voice in Singin' in the Rain
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Noyes
1914 Kenneth R. Adams In 1941 Adams founded Christian Literature Crusade which pioneered production and distribution of missionary publications.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Literature_Crusade
1918 Jerome Robbins (d 1998) five time Tony Award, two time Academy Award, and Kennedy Center Honors winning American theater producer, director, and choreographer known primarily for Broadway Theater and Ballet/Dance, but who also occasionally directed films and directed/produced for television. His work has included everything from classical ballet to contemporary musical theater. Among the numerous stage productions he worked on were On the Town, High Button Shoes, The King And I, The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing, West Side Story, Gypsy: A Musical Fable, and Fiddler on the Roof. He won the Academy Award for Best Director with Robert Wise for West Side Story. A documentary about his life and work, Something to Dance About, featuring excerpts from his journals, archival performance and rehearsal footage and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues, premiered in PBS in 2009.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins
1919 Arthur "Art" Blakey (d 1990), known later as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina, was an American jazz drummer and bandleader.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey
1925 Elmore Leonard is born. Novelist Elmore Leonard was born on this day in New Orleans in 1925. His father worked for General Motors, and the family moved frequently during Leonard's childhood, finally settling in Detroit.
During World War II, Leonard served in the U.S. Naval Reserve, then graduated from the University of Detroit with a degree in English in 1950. He decided to write either westerns or detective novels, whichever would generate the most income. After he sold a western for $1,000, he quickly churned out eight more. One of his books, Hombre (1961), was voted one of the best 25 westerns of all time by the Western Writers of America. It was made into a film in 1967.
Leonard married and had five children. To support the family, he worked as a copywriter at an advertising agency full time and on his novels every morning between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m. Westerns peaked in popularity in the late 1960s, so he turned to detective fiction. His first mystery, The Big Bounce (1969), was rejected by 84 publishers before it was published as an original paperback. Meanwhile, Leonard began writing educational films for Encyclopedia Britannica.
In the 1980s and 90s, the quality of his writing and originality of his plots finally began to gain serious recognition among critics, who had previously dismissed his work as typical western or mystery-suspense fare. By 1983, he had written 23 novels, including Fifty-Two Pickup (1974), Swag (1976), and Stick (1983), which became a bestseller. His 1992 novel, Rum Punch, was made into the movie Jackie Brown, directed by Quentin Tarantino. His 1990 novel, Get Shorty, was made into a movie starring John Travolta in 1995. Leonard lives in Detroit.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmore_Leonard
1930 Samuel Robert "Sam" Johnson American politician and a retired career U.S. Air Force officer and fighter pilot. He currently is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the 3rd District of Texas. The district includes much of northeastern Dallas, as well as Plano, where he lives.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Johnson
1930 LaVell Edwards, Orem, Utah, former American football coach of Brigham Young University (BYU). In 1984, Edwards' BYU Cougars went 13–0 and won the national championship.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaVell_Edwards
1932 Dottie West, Tennessee, country singer (Here Comes My Baby) (d. 1991)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottie_West
1936 Charles Gordon Fullerton retired United States Air Force officer, a former USAF and NASA astronaut and retired research pilot at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, California. His assignments include a variety of flight research and support activities piloting NASA's B-52 launch aircraft, the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), and other multi-engine and high performance aircraft. Fullerton, who has logged more than 380 hours in space flight, was a NASA astronaut from September 1969 until November 1986 when he joined the research pilot office at Dryden. In July 1988, he completed a 30-year career with the U.S. Air Force and retired as a Colonel. He continues in his position of research pilot as a civilian.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gordon_Fullerton
1941 Charles Richard Shyer American film director, writer and producer. His hits include Private Benjamin (1980); the critically acclaimed Irreconcilable Differences (1984); Baby Boom (1987); Father of the Bride (1991); and Father of the Bride Part II (1995), The Parent Trap (1998), The Affair of the Necklace (L'Affaire du Collier) (2001) and Alfie (2004).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Shyer
1945 Robert Gale Physician, co-founder of International Bone Marrow Registry, and a pioneer in bone marrow transplantation. Gale has received much attention for the assistance he has given foreign governments in treating radiation victims - to the Soviet Union (1986) after the Chernobyl disaster and to Brazil (1987) following an accident in Goiania. As a specialist in bone marrow transplants, he volunteeredto treat Chernobyl victims and was invited by Mikhail Gorbachev to travel with a group to Moscow immediately after the April 1986 accident. He operated with bone marrow transplants on 13 Chernobyl victims. However, many of the highly exposed Chernobyl survivors have since died from latent radiation effects.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peter_Gale
1950 Patty Murray, American politician, Democrat Senator from Oregon
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray
1953 David Bowditch Morse American stage, television, and film actor. He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack Morrison in the medical drama St. Elsewhere from 1982 to 1988. Morse continued his movie career with roles in Dancer in the Dark, The Negotiator, The Green Mile, Disturbia, The Long Kiss Goodnight, The Crossing Guard, The Rock, Extreme Measures, Twelve Monkeys, 16 Blocks, and Hounddog.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Morse_(actor)
1957 Paul Callistus Sereno American paleontologist from the University of Chicago who discovered several new dinosaur species on several continents. Sereno's most widely publicized discovery is that of a nearly complete specimen of Sarcosuchus imperator (popularly known as SuperCroc) at Gadoufaoua in the Tenere desert of Niger.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sereno
1960 Randall W. (Randy) Breuer, Lake City, Minnesota, retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 1st round (18th overall) of the 1983 NBA Draft. A 7'3" center from the University of Minnesota, Breuer played in 11 NBA seasons from 1983-1994. He played for the Bucks, Minnesota Timberwolves, Atlanta Hawks and Sacramento Kings.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Breuer
Deaths
1725 Hans Herr, Swiss-born Mennonite bishop, with others bought 10,000 acres of land in Pennsylvania. (b. 1639)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Herr
1779 General Casimir Pulaski Kazimierz Pu³aski in Polish, full name in Polish: Kazimierz Micha³ Wac³aw Wiktor Pu³aski of Œlepowron coat-of-arms (b 1745), Polish soldier, nobleman, and politician who has been called "the father of American cavalry".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski
1809 Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (b 1774)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis
1821 John Ross Key (b 1754) lawyer, commissioned officer in the Continental Army, judge, and father of writer Francis Scott Key.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ross_Key
1953 Karl P. Harrington (b 13 Jun 1861), American Methodist classics scholar and hymnist, died.
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/h/a/r/harrington_kp.htm
1961 Leonard "Chico" Marx (b 1887) American comedian and film star. He was the eldest of the Marx Brothers and known for his use of a Tyrolean hat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_%22Chico%22_Marx
1965 Dorothea Lange (b 1895) American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Lange's photographs humanized the tragic consequences of the Great Depression and profoundly influenced the development of documentary photography.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_Lange
1971 Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller (b 1898) Lieutenant General in the United States Marine Corps, most decorated U.S. Marine in history, and the only Marine to receive five Navy Crosses.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Burwell_%22Chesty%22_Puller
1977 MacKinlay Kantor (b 1904), born Benjamin McKinlay Kantor, American journalist, novelist and screenwriter. He wrote more than 30 novels, several based on the American Civil War, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1956 for his 1955 novel Andersonville.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacKinlay_Kantor
1985 Sollie Paul Williams (b 1917), known professionally as Tex Williams, was an American Western swing musician from Ramsey, Illinois, best known for novelty song "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! That Cigarette)"
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex_Williams
1986 Norm Cash, American baseball player (b. 1934)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex_Williams
1989 Marion King Hubbert (b 1903) geoscientist who worked at the Shell research lab in Houston, Texas. He made several important contributions to geology, geophysics, and petroleum geology, most notably the Hubbert curve and Hubbert peak theory (a basic component of Peak oil), with important political ramifications. He was often referred to as "M. King Hubbert" or "King Hubbert".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_King_Hubbert
1991 John Elroy Sanford (b 1922), better known by his stage name Redd Foxx, was an American comedian and actor, best known for his starring role on the sitcom Sanford and Son.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elroy_Sanford
2007 Werner Ritter von Trapp (21 December 1915 – 11 October 2007) was the second-oldest son of Georg Ritter von Trapp and Agathe Whitehead. He was a member of the Trapp Family Singers, whose lives were the inspiration for the play and movie The Sound of Music
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_von_Trapp
2007 David Lee "Tex" Hill, World War II fighter pilot, flying ace, 1st American Volunteer Group, son of Presbyterian missionaries, but raised in Texas, attended Texas Military Institute, and later attended Austin College, ended his military career in the Air Force Reserves, retiring as a Brigadier General. He holds the Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star, Distinguished Flying Cross with three Oak Leaf Clusters, Presidential Unit Citation with Oak Leaf Cluster, Chinese Order of the Cloud and Banner 4th, 5th and 6th grades, 2-Star Wing Decorations, Chinese Victory Medal, Legion of Merit, and British Distinguished Flying Cross. (b. 1915)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lee_%22Tex%22_Hill
2008 Neal Hefti (b 1922) American jazz trumpeter, composer, tune writer, and arranger. He was perhaps best known for composing the theme music for the Batman television series of the 1960s, and for scoring the 1968 film The Odd Couple and the subsequent TV series of the same name.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Hefti
Christian Feast Day:
Alexander Sauli
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Sauli
Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus (Roman Catholic Church)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronicus,_Probus,_and_Tarachus
Gummarus
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gummarus
Lommán of Trim
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomm%C3%A1n_of_Trim
Nectarius of Constantinople
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectarius_of_Constantinople
Pope John XXIII (Roman Catholic Church)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII
October 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Philip the Evangelist of the Seventy Disciples, one of the seven deacons (1st century)
St. Theophanes Graptus (“the Branded”), Confessor and hymnographer, bishop of Nicaea (850)
Martyrs Zenaida (Zenais) and Philonilla of Tarsus in Cilicia (1st century)
St. Theophanes, faster of the Kiev Caves (12th century)
Saints Nectarius (397), Arsacius (405) and Sinisius (427), Patriarchs of Constantinople
St. Philotheus Kokkinos of Mt. Athos, patriarch of Constantinople (1379)
New Hieromartyr Juvenaly (Maslovsky), archbishop of Ryazan (1937)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Miracle from the Icon of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Beirut of Phoenicia
Repose of Elder Leonid of Optina Monastery (1841)
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akaCG
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jimmy-carter-wins-nobel-prize
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_11
www.amug.org/~jpaul/oct11.html
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.todayinsci.com/10/10_11.htm
www.lcms.org/page.aspx?pid=387
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1114.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
www.christianity.com/church/church-history/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_11_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
There are 81 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 27
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1521 "Defender of the Faith" title given to King Henry VIII. This was a title conferred by Pope Leo X in 1521 upon Henry VIII for his defence of the Catholic faith in a treatise against Luther, and retained ever since by the sovereigns of England, though revoked by Pope Paul III in 1535 in consequence of Henry's apostasy.
1614 Adriaen Block and 12 Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the New Netherland colony.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriaen_Block
1767 Surveying for the Mason-Dixon Line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason-Dixon_Line
The Arch Street wharf, where the first cluster of cases were identified
1793 Yellow fever breaks out in Philadelphia. The death toll from a yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia hits 100 on this day in 1793. By the time it ended, 5,000 people were dead.
Yellow fever, or American plague as it was known at the time, is a viral disease that begins with fever and muscle pain. Next, victims often become jaundiced (hence, the term "yellow" fever), as their liver and kidneys cease to function normally. Some of the afflicted then suffer even worse symptoms. Famous early American Cotton Mather described it as "turning yellow then vomiting and bleeding every way." Internal bleeding in the digestive tract causes bloody vomit. Many victims become delirious before dying.
The virus, like malaria, is carried and transferred by mosquitoes.
The first yellow fever outbreaks in the United States occurred in late 1690s. Nearly 100 years later, in the late summer of 1793, refugees from a yellow fever epidemic in the Caribbean fled to Philadelphia. Within weeks, people throughout the city were experiencing symptoms. By the middle of October, 100 people were dying from the virus every day. Caring for the victims so strained public services that the local city government collapsed. Philadelphia was also the seat of the United States government at the time, but federal authorities simply evacuated the city in face of the raging epidemic.
Eventually, a cold front eliminated Philadelphia’s mosquito population and the death toll fell to 20 per day by October 26. Today, a vaccine prevents yellow fever in much of the world, though 20,000 people still die every year from the disease.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Fever_Epidemic_of_1793
Royal Savage is shown run aground and burning, while British ships fire on her (watercolor by unknown artist, ca. 1925)
1776 American Revolution: Battle of Valcour Island – On Lake Champlain 15 American gunboats are defeated but give Patriot forces enough time to prepare defenses of New York City.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Valcour_Island
1809 Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis
1811 The first steam-powered ferryboat, the Juliana, began operation by between New York City and Hoboken, NJ. Its inventor, John Stevens, designed improvements in steamboats, obtained one of the first U.S. patents (1791) and experimented on the Passaic River, (1798 - 1800), with the steamboat, Polacca, but unsuccessfully due to excessive vibrations and leaks. By 1803, Stevens had patented an improved multitubular boiler and outfitted the Little Juliana which sailed successfully in New York harbor (1804) and thus was one of the earliest twin screw sailboats. After building other ships, in 1811, he bought a commercial ferry license in NY state and operated a horse powered ferry while building the first steam ferry, Juliana.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1810s#Steamboats
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stevens_(inventor)
1862 American Civil War: In the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam, Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during a raid into the north.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.E.B._Stuart
1864 Slavery abolished in Maryland
1865 President Johnson paroles CSA VP Alexander Stephens
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stephens
1881 Roll film for cameras was patented by David H. Houston, who was a Scottish immigrant that travelled to homestead in Dakota (1879) on a 400-acre farm, 30 miles NE of Fargo. His many patents ranged from a disc plow to a portable camera. George Eastman bought 21 patents on cameras from him, including the invention that made Houston famous - a portable camera designed in 1879, for which Houston received $5000 plus monthly royalties for life. This camera suited the everyday person, rather than a professional photographer's big studio camera on wheels. First sold by Eastman in 1881 for $25, the Kodak camera came loaded with a 100-exposure film that Houston would process and reload the camera for $10. Houston died a rich man in 1906.
inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_rolled_film_camera.htm
1884 Martin Luther College (New Ulm, Minnesota) was founded.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_College
1887 A patent for the adding machine was granted to Dorr Eugene Felt of Chicago, Illinois. His Comptometer was the first practical key-driven calculator with sufficient speed, reliablility and economic benefit. He called his original prototype the "Macaroni box", a rough model that Felt created over the year-end holidays in 1884-85. The casing was a grocery macaroni box, assembled with a jackknife using meat skewers as keys, staples as key guides and elastic bands for springs. Door improved his design, producing his earliest commercial wooden-box Comptometer from 1887 thru 1903, leading to the first steel case Model A (1904 that would be standard for the remainder for all "shoebox" models. Electric motor drive was introduced in the 1920's.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adding_machine
1890 First 100 yard dash under 10 seconds (John Owens 9-4/5 seconds, Washington DC)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Murphy_(trainer_and_coach)#Detroit_Athletic_Club
1890 The Central American Mission was founded by C. I. Scofield (1843–1921) in Dallas, Texas.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._I._Scofield
www.corporationwiki.com/Texas/Dallas/the-central-american-mission-inc-3594056.aspx
1890 Daughters of the American Revolution founded in Washington, DC.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution
1892 Thomas A. Edison was issued a patent for an "Electrical Depositing-Meter" (U.S. No. 484,183).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Edison
1899 The Western League is renamed the American League.
1906 - San Francisco public school board sparks United States diplomatic crisis with Japan by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
aapcgroup11.blogspot.com/2009/12/san-francisco-board-of-education-and.html
1910 - Ex-president Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. He flew for four minutes with Arch Hoxsey in a plane built by the Wright Brothers at Kinloch Field (Lambert-St. Louis International Airport), St. Louis, Missouri.
1918 The General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the USA, the General Council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in North America and the United Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the South merged in New York City to form the United Lutheran Church in America.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=U&word=UNITEDLUTHERANCHURCHINAMERICA.THE
1922 1st woman FBI "special investigator" appointed (Alaska Davidson)
www.fbi.gov/news/photos/alaska-davidson/view
1923 A mail car is exploded in a train robbery. Three men blow up the mail car of a Southern Pacific train carrying passengers through southern Oregon in a botched robbery attempt. Just as the train entered a tunnel, two armed men jumped the engineer. A third man appeared with a bomb that the thieves intended to use to open the mail car. However, the explosives were too powerful and the entire mail car was blown to bits, killing the clerk inside. In the ensuing chaos, the train robbers shot the train's engineer, fireman, and brakeman, and then fled. They left behind the detonator and some clothes, but bloodhounds were unable to track them.
Southern Pacific decided to bring in Edward O. Heinrich, the "The Edison of Crime Detection," to solve the crime. He immediately asked to examine the clothes that the gang had discarded at the crime scene. Within a day, Heinrich produced a profile that led to the capture of the train robbers.
Heinrich noted that what the police had thought were grease stains were actually created by pitch from fir trees, commonly found on clothing worn by lumberjacks of the region. He also found a strand of hair that helped him peg the age of one of the robbers. Heinrich also noticed that the wear and tear on the buttons of one shirt indicated that its owner was left-handed. Most important, he found a scrap of paper that turned out to be part of a mail receipt. He tracked the mail receipt, and the identities of the three men were soon known.
In March 1927, twins Ray and Roy D'Autremont and their teenage brother, Hugh, were finally brought to justice. One was found in the Philippines and the other two in Ohio. They all pleaded guilty and were sentenced to life in prison. It was only one of the estimated 2,000 cases that Edward O. Heinrich was credited with solving before his death in 1953.
www.questia.com/library/1G1-168212200/he-made-mute-evidence-speak-edward-o-heinrich
1925 - Widespread early snows fell in the northeastern U.S., with as much as two feet in New Hampshire and Vermont. The heavy snow blocked roads and cancelled football games. (David Ludlum)
J. C. Penney mother store in Kemmerer, Wyoming.
1929 JC Penney opens store #1252 in Milford, Delaware, making it a nationwide company with stores in all 48 U.S. states.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JC_Penney
1932 First political telecast (Democratic National Committee) at CBS, NYC
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention
1936 "Professor Quiz", first radio quiz show premieres
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor_Quiz
1938 R. Games Slayter (d 1964) and John H. Thomas patent glass wool and the machinery to make it. Games Slayter, the driving force behind Owens Corning technology and innovation, sought to make a finer glass fiber material. In 1932, Dale Kleist, a young researcher under Jack Thomas (Slayter's research assistant), working on an unrelated experiment accidentally caused a jet of compressed air to strike a stream of molten glass, resulting in fine glass fibers. By Fall 1932, Kleist refined the process by using steam, to make glass fiber material thin enough for commercial fiber glass insulation. From March 1933, Games Slayter directed Jack Thomas in experiments using glass wool, instead of natural or other synthetic fibers, on textile machinery.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_wool
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Games_Slayter
1939 Albert Einstein issues a warning to FDR that his theories could lead to Nazi Germany's development of an atomic bomb. Einstein suggested the U.S. develop its own bomb. This resulted in the top secret "Manhattan Project.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein
1939 "Body and Soul", by jazz great Coleman Hawkins, was waxed on Bluebird Records.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_and_Soul_(song)
1940 Coventry Cathedral and much of the city center of Coventry, England, were destroyed by the German Luftwaffe during the Coventry Blitz.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_Blitz#August_to_October_1940
The heavily damaged Japanese cruiser Aoba disembarks dead and wounded crewmembers near Buin, Bougainville and the Shortland Islands a few hours after the battle on October 12, 1942
1942 United States defeats Japanese in the Battle of Cape Esperance. On this day in 1942, the American Navy intercepts a Japanese fleet of ships on their way to reinforce troops at Guadalcanal. The Navy succeeded in its operation, sinking a majority of the ships.
The battle for Guadalcanal began in August, when the Marines landed in the first American offensive of the war. The ground fighting saw U.S. troops gain a decisive edge, wiping out detachments and regiments in brutal combat. The most effective Japanese counterstrikes came from the air and sea, with bombing raids harassing the Marines and threatening their dwindling supplies. But before the Japanese could reinforce their own ground troops, the Navy went to work.
The battle of Cape Esperance, on the northwest coast of Guadalcanal Island, commenced at night between surface ships; all Japanese reinforcements came at night, an operation nicknamed the Tokyo Express. The Navy sank one Japanese cruiser, the Furutaka, and three destroyers, while losing only one of their own destroyers. In characteristic fashion, those Japanese sailors who found themselves floundering in the water refused rescue by Americans; they preferred to be devoured by the sharks as a fate less shameful than capture.
Unfortunately, the loss of American manpower was greater than that of hardware: 48 sailors from the American destroyer Duncan were the victims of crossfire between the belligerents, and more than a hundred others died when an American cruiser turned on a searchlight to better target a Japanese ship. It also had the unintended effect of illuminating the sailors of the cruiser, making them easy targets.
The American Navy continued to harass Japanese ships trying to reinforce the Japanese position on the island; relatively few Japanese troops made it ashore. By the end of 1942, the Japanese were ready to evacuate the island--in defeat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Esperance
1948 "The Brighter Day", a soap opera, premiered, aired on CBS-TV from January 4, 1954 to September 28, 1962. It ran, at times, simultaneously on the NBC radio network; the NBC radio run was from 1948 to 1956. The radio and television versions were created by Irna Phillips. The first and only soap opera to air on network television with an explicitly religious theme, the show revolved around Reverend Richard Dennis and his four children, Althea, Patsy, Babby, and Grayling.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Brighter_Day
1950 Television: CBS's mechanical color system is the first to be licensed for broadcast by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_TV
1954 - A deluge of 6.72 inches of rain in 48 hours flooded the Chicago River, causing ten million dollars damage in the Chicago area. (9th-11th) (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
1957 Space Race: M.I.T. scientists calculate Sputnik I's booster rocket's orbit.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_I
1958 The lunar probe Pioneer I was launched and burned up in the atmosphere. Propelled by the U. S. 's desire to beat the Soviet Union to the moon, each of the three Pioneer vehicles were designed to go into orbit around the Moon and photograph the Moon's surface. The first vehicle, Pioneer 0, was launched by the USAF and was destroyed 77 seconds after launch when the rocket's first stage exploded. Pioneer 1 was the first spacecraft launched by NASA. A programming error in the Pioneer 1 launch vehicle upper stage resulted in Pioneer 1 being given insufficient velocity to escape the Earth's gravitational field. Although lunar orbit was not achieved, it did reach an altitude of 113,854 km above Earth and provided data on the extent of the Earth's radiation belts. The vehicle re-entered over the Pacific Ocean 2 days later.
1958 "It's All In The Game" by Tommy Edwards topped the charts.
1958 Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).
1961 USAF Major Robert M White takes X-15 to 216,874 feet. White was designated the Air Force's primary pilot for the X-15 program in 1958. In February, 1961, White unofficially set a new air speed record when he flew the X-15 at a speed of 2 275 mph (3660 km/h), following the installation of a 57 000 lbf (254 kN) thrust XLR-99 engine. White was the first human to fly an aircraft at Mach 4 and later Mach 5 over the next eight months.
1962 First appearance of a Gabor sister on the Merv Griffin Show
1962 Second Vatican Council: Pope John XXIII convenes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
1968 Apollo 7, the first manned Apollo mission was launched from Cape Kennedy, Fla., at 11:02:45 a.m., EST, on October 11, 1968 from launch complex 34 on top of a Saturn IB. The spacecraft crew consisted of commander Walter M. Schirra, Jr., command module pilot Donn F. Eisele, and Walter Cunningham as lunar module pilot. Apollo 7 carried a lunar module pilot, but no lunar module. Apollo 7 spent more time in space than all the Soviet space flights combined up to that time. The mission featured the first live TV from a manned spacecraft.
1969 "Sugar, Sugar" by the Archies topped the charts.
1971 Frank McGee becomes news anchor of the Today Show.
1971 His Holiness Shenouda III (b. 3 Aug 1923) was consecrated as the 117th Patriarch of Alexandria and the See of Saint Mark, the pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenouda_III
1972 – A race riot occurs on the United States Navy aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam during Operation Linebacker.
1975 "Saturday Night Live" premieres with guest host George Carlin. Saturday Night Live (SNL) was a weekly late night 90-minute American comedy-variety show based in New York City which has been broadcast by NBC on Saturday nights since October 11, 1975. The first cast members were Second City alumni Dan Aykroyd, John Belushi, and Gilda Radner and National Lampoon "Lemmings" alumni Chevy Chase, Jane Curtin, Laraine Newman, and Garrett Morris.
1975 "Bad Blood" by Neil Sedaka topped the charts.
1976 George Washington's appointment, posthumously, to the grade of General of the Armies of the United States by congressional joint resolution Public Law 94-479 is approved by President Gerald R. Ford.
1980 "Another One Bites the Dust" by Queen topped the charts
1983 The last hand-cranked (magneto) telephones in the United States went out of service as 440 telephone customers in Bryant Pond, Maine, were switched to direct-dial service. Prior to that time a resident's number could be as short as 33. Those living close enough to the telephone office might get to answer the phone, even if they were outside because the operator could just yell out the window!
1984 Astronaut Kathy Sullivan was the first American woman to walk in space.
1984 VP candidate debate-Geraldine Ferraro (D) & George Bush (R)
1986 Reagan & Gorbachev open talks at a summit in Reykjavik, Iceland
1986 "When I Think of You" by Janet Jackson topped the charts.
1986 Cold War: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe.
1987 - More than thirty cities in the Upper Midwest reported record low temperatures for the date, including Waterloo IA and Scottsbluff NE where the mercury dipped to 16 degrees. Tropical Storm Floyd brought heavy rain to southern Florida, moisture from Hurricane Ramon produced heavy rain in southern California, and heavy snow blanketed the mountains of New York State and Vermont. (The National Weather Summary)
1988 - Low pressure brought gale force winds to the Great Lakes Region, with snow and sleet reported in some areas. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed in the north central U.S. The mercury hit 84 degrees at Cutbank MT and Worland WY. The temperature at Gunnison CO soared from a morning low of 12 degrees to a high of 66 degrees. (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Much of the nation enjoyed "Indian Summer" type weather. Nine cities in the central U.S. reported record highs for the date as temperatures warmed into the 80s and 90s. Record highs included 90 degrees at Grand Island NE and 97 degrees at Waco TX. Strong winds along a cold front crossing the Northern High Plains Region gusted to 80 mph at Ames Monument WY during the early morning. (The National Weather Summary)
1990 Oil hits a record $40.42 per barrel
1991 Anita Hill testifies Clarence Thomas sexually harrassed her
1994 The space probe Magellan ended its mission to explore Venus when flight controllers lowered its orbit into Venus' dense atmosphere and it plunged toward the surface. Radio contact was lost the next day. Although much of Magellan was vaporized, some sections are thought to have hit the planet's surface intact. Launched 4 May 1989 in the cargo bay with the STS-30 Space Shuttle Atlantis mission, Magellan arrived at its planned polar orbit around Venus on 10 Aug 1990. As it circled once every 3-hr 15-min, the planet rotated slowly beneath it, and Magellan had collected radar images of the surface in strips about 17-28 km (10-17 mi) wide and radioed back the information on the large shield volcanoes, vast lava plains and sparse craters.
1995 Americans Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland, and Dutch scientist Paul Crutzen won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for their work warning that CFCs are eating away Earth's ozone layer. In 1970, Dr. Crutzen showed that nitrogen oxides are important in the natural balance of ozone in the upper atmosphere. Thus research rapidly escalated into global biogeochemical cycles. In 1974, Drs. Molina and Rowland established that there was a threat to the ozone layer from man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), such as gases then used in spray cans. More than a decade before the Antarctic ozone hole was discovered, their research stirred the international response to control the emissions of CFCs to protect the ozone layer.
1997 "Candle In The Wind" by Elton John topped the charts. John's 1995 album Made in England continued his comeback, going platinum. The 1997 follow-up, The Big Picture, delivered more of the same well-crafted pop, made the Top Ten, and produced a hit in "Something About the Way You Look Tonight." However, its success was overshadowed by John's response to the tragic death of Princess Diana -- he re-recycled "Candle in the Wind" (originally a eulogy for Marilyn Monroe) as a tribute to his dead friend, with Taupin adapting the lyrics for what was planned as the B-side of "Something About the Way You Look Tonight."
2001 – The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
2002 Jimmy Carter wins Nobel Prize
2007 – The record high of the Dow Jones Industrial Average occurs at 14,198.10 points.
Births
1786 Stevenson Archer (d 1848) United States Representative from Maryland, representing the sixth district from 1811 to 1817, and the seventh district from 1819 to 1821. His son Stevenson Archer and father John Archer were also U.S. Congressmen from Maryland.
1803 John Gottlieb Morris, president of the General Synod, in York, Pennsylvania (d 10 Oct 1895).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=M&word=MORRIS.JOHNGOTTLIEB
1803 Jacob Abbott, American Congregationalist, authof of children's books, at Hallowell, Maine (d 31 Oct 1879).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Abbott
1809 Orson Squire Fowler, (d 1887) phrenologist who popularized the octagon house in the middle of the nineteenth century.
1814 Jean Baptiste Lamy, first Archbishop of Santa Fe (d. 1888)
1821 George Williams (d 1905) founded the YMCA to evangelize rootless young men in the cities and provide them with needed recreational activities and guidance to make them useful and keep them from lives of sin. Williams had a strong impact.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Williams_(YMCA)
1844 Henry John Heinz (d 1919) Businessperson who founded H.J. Heinz Co.and invented the "57 varieties" slogan was a born salesman. His entrepreneur and business genius had roots in post-Civil War Pittsburgh, where iron, steel and glass factories were forging industrial America. By age 12 he was peddling produce from the family garden. At 25, in 1869, he and a friend launched Heinz & Noble. Its first product: Henry's mother's grated horseradish, bottled in clear glass to reveal its purity. Heinz & Noble thrived until an overabundance of crops in 1875 brought bankruptcy. But Henry plunged back in, eventually building a model factory complex along the Allegheny River. By 1896, at only 52, the pickle king had become a millionaire and celebrity. Under his tutelage, the company was noted for fair treatment of workers and for pioneering safe and sanitary food preparation. Heinz led a successful lobbying effort in favor of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. He also was very involved working in his church's Sunday school and participated in various philanthropic endeavors, notably the Sarah Heinz settlement house in Pittsburgh, which he founded in 1894 and named after his wife.
1855 James Gayley (d 1920) American metallurgist who invented a device to ensure uniform humidity in the air stream going into blast furnaces. With prior experience at several iron works, Gayley was hired by the Edgar Thomson Steel Works as Superintendent of the Blast Furnaces (1885). In this capacity was an economist, and made a record reduction in the coke consumption. He invented the bronze cooling plate for blast furnace walls, the auxiliary casting stand for Bessemer steel plants, and was the first to use the compound condensing blowing engine with the Blast Furnace. He also invented the dry-air blast, for which the Franklin Institute awarded him the Elliott Cresson medal. Gayley rose to first vice-president of the U.S.Steel Corp and acquired a large fortune.
1865 Charles Atwood Kofoid (d 1947) American zoologist whose classification of many new species of marine protozoans helped establish systematic marine biology. Named director of the University of Illinois Biological Experiment Station in Havana, IL. (1895-1903), Kofoid investigated plankton in the river and backwater lakes. He joined the newly founded Scripps Institution of Oceanography (1903). Kofoid was a member of their scientific staff on the US Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the Albatross Expedition (l904-5) off the coast of San Diego, CA. Two summers (1908,9), he toured the marine biological stations of Europe, buying instruments and collecting information on buildings and aquaria to help plan the San Diego Marine Biological Station.
1871 Harriet Ann Boyd Hawes (d 1945) American archaeologist and social activist who gained renown for her discoveries of ancient remains in Crete. She went to Crete in 1900, and with the encouragement of Arthur Evans, began to excavate a Minoan site at Kavousi where she discovered some Iron Age Tombs. From 1901-05 she led a large team that excavated the early Bronze Age Minoan town of Gournia, becoming the first woman to head a major archaeological dig. As a community of humble artisans, Gournia was of particular interest to archaeologists, complementing as it did the more elaborate palaces being unearthed at Knossos and elsewhere. In 1908 she published her monumental work on Gournia. During WW I she went to Corfu to help nurse the Serbians (1916).
1872 Harlan Fiske Stone, 12th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946)
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1884 Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States and humanitarian (d. 1962)
1895 Avis B. Christiansen, devotional author, one of the most prolific hymnwriters of the 20th century, two of her most enduring hymns today are "Up Calvary's Mountain" and "Precious Hiding Place."
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/c/h/r/christiansen_amb.htm
1897 Nathan Farragut Twining, KBE (d 1982) United States Air Force General, born in Monroe, Wisconsin.[1] He was Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 1953 until 1957. As Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1957 to 1960 he was the first member of the Air Force to serve in that role.
1905 Fred Trump, American real estate developer, father of Donald Trump (d. 1999)
1910 Joseph Wright Alsop V (d 1989) American journalist and syndicated newspaper columnist from the 1930s through the 1970s.
1912 Betty Noyes, singer who dubbed Debbie Reynolds' singing voice in Singin' in the Rain
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betty_Noyes
1914 Kenneth R. Adams In 1941 Adams founded Christian Literature Crusade which pioneered production and distribution of missionary publications.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Literature_Crusade
1918 Jerome Robbins (d 1998) five time Tony Award, two time Academy Award, and Kennedy Center Honors winning American theater producer, director, and choreographer known primarily for Broadway Theater and Ballet/Dance, but who also occasionally directed films and directed/produced for television. His work has included everything from classical ballet to contemporary musical theater. Among the numerous stage productions he worked on were On the Town, High Button Shoes, The King And I, The Pajama Game, Bells Are Ringing, West Side Story, Gypsy: A Musical Fable, and Fiddler on the Roof. He won the Academy Award for Best Director with Robert Wise for West Side Story. A documentary about his life and work, Something to Dance About, featuring excerpts from his journals, archival performance and rehearsal footage and interviews with Robbins and his colleagues, premiered in PBS in 2009.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Robbins
1919 Arthur "Art" Blakey (d 1990), known later as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina, was an American jazz drummer and bandleader.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_Blakey
1925 Elmore Leonard is born. Novelist Elmore Leonard was born on this day in New Orleans in 1925. His father worked for General Motors, and the family moved frequently during Leonard's childhood, finally settling in Detroit.
During World War II, Leonard served in the U.S. Naval Reserve, then graduated from the University of Detroit with a degree in English in 1950. He decided to write either westerns or detective novels, whichever would generate the most income. After he sold a western for $1,000, he quickly churned out eight more. One of his books, Hombre (1961), was voted one of the best 25 westerns of all time by the Western Writers of America. It was made into a film in 1967.
Leonard married and had five children. To support the family, he worked as a copywriter at an advertising agency full time and on his novels every morning between 5 a.m. and 7 a.m. Westerns peaked in popularity in the late 1960s, so he turned to detective fiction. His first mystery, The Big Bounce (1969), was rejected by 84 publishers before it was published as an original paperback. Meanwhile, Leonard began writing educational films for Encyclopedia Britannica.
In the 1980s and 90s, the quality of his writing and originality of his plots finally began to gain serious recognition among critics, who had previously dismissed his work as typical western or mystery-suspense fare. By 1983, he had written 23 novels, including Fifty-Two Pickup (1974), Swag (1976), and Stick (1983), which became a bestseller. His 1992 novel, Rum Punch, was made into the movie Jackie Brown, directed by Quentin Tarantino. His 1990 novel, Get Shorty, was made into a movie starring John Travolta in 1995. Leonard lives in Detroit.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmore_Leonard
1930 Samuel Robert "Sam" Johnson American politician and a retired career U.S. Air Force officer and fighter pilot. He currently is a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from the 3rd District of Texas. The district includes much of northeastern Dallas, as well as Plano, where he lives.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Johnson
1930 LaVell Edwards, Orem, Utah, former American football coach of Brigham Young University (BYU). In 1984, Edwards' BYU Cougars went 13–0 and won the national championship.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaVell_Edwards
1932 Dottie West, Tennessee, country singer (Here Comes My Baby) (d. 1991)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dottie_West
1936 Charles Gordon Fullerton retired United States Air Force officer, a former USAF and NASA astronaut and retired research pilot at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, California. His assignments include a variety of flight research and support activities piloting NASA's B-52 launch aircraft, the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), and other multi-engine and high performance aircraft. Fullerton, who has logged more than 380 hours in space flight, was a NASA astronaut from September 1969 until November 1986 when he joined the research pilot office at Dryden. In July 1988, he completed a 30-year career with the U.S. Air Force and retired as a Colonel. He continues in his position of research pilot as a civilian.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gordon_Fullerton
1941 Charles Richard Shyer American film director, writer and producer. His hits include Private Benjamin (1980); the critically acclaimed Irreconcilable Differences (1984); Baby Boom (1987); Father of the Bride (1991); and Father of the Bride Part II (1995), The Parent Trap (1998), The Affair of the Necklace (L'Affaire du Collier) (2001) and Alfie (2004).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Shyer
1945 Robert Gale Physician, co-founder of International Bone Marrow Registry, and a pioneer in bone marrow transplantation. Gale has received much attention for the assistance he has given foreign governments in treating radiation victims - to the Soviet Union (1986) after the Chernobyl disaster and to Brazil (1987) following an accident in Goiania. As a specialist in bone marrow transplants, he volunteeredto treat Chernobyl victims and was invited by Mikhail Gorbachev to travel with a group to Moscow immediately after the April 1986 accident. He operated with bone marrow transplants on 13 Chernobyl victims. However, many of the highly exposed Chernobyl survivors have since died from latent radiation effects.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Peter_Gale
1950 Patty Murray, American politician, Democrat Senator from Oregon
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty_Murray
1953 David Bowditch Morse American stage, television, and film actor. He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack Morrison in the medical drama St. Elsewhere from 1982 to 1988. Morse continued his movie career with roles in Dancer in the Dark, The Negotiator, The Green Mile, Disturbia, The Long Kiss Goodnight, The Crossing Guard, The Rock, Extreme Measures, Twelve Monkeys, 16 Blocks, and Hounddog.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Morse_(actor)
1957 Paul Callistus Sereno American paleontologist from the University of Chicago who discovered several new dinosaur species on several continents. Sereno's most widely publicized discovery is that of a nearly complete specimen of Sarcosuchus imperator (popularly known as SuperCroc) at Gadoufaoua in the Tenere desert of Niger.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sereno
1960 Randall W. (Randy) Breuer, Lake City, Minnesota, retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 1st round (18th overall) of the 1983 NBA Draft. A 7'3" center from the University of Minnesota, Breuer played in 11 NBA seasons from 1983-1994. He played for the Bucks, Minnesota Timberwolves, Atlanta Hawks and Sacramento Kings.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randy_Breuer
Deaths
1725 Hans Herr, Swiss-born Mennonite bishop, with others bought 10,000 acres of land in Pennsylvania. (b. 1639)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Herr
1779 General Casimir Pulaski Kazimierz Pu³aski in Polish, full name in Polish: Kazimierz Micha³ Wac³aw Wiktor Pu³aski of Œlepowron coat-of-arms (b 1745), Polish soldier, nobleman, and politician who has been called "the father of American cavalry".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_Pulaski
1809 Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (b 1774)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis
1821 John Ross Key (b 1754) lawyer, commissioned officer in the Continental Army, judge, and father of writer Francis Scott Key.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ross_Key
1953 Karl P. Harrington (b 13 Jun 1861), American Methodist classics scholar and hymnist, died.
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/h/a/r/harrington_kp.htm
1961 Leonard "Chico" Marx (b 1887) American comedian and film star. He was the eldest of the Marx Brothers and known for his use of a Tyrolean hat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_%22Chico%22_Marx
1965 Dorothea Lange (b 1895) American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Lange's photographs humanized the tragic consequences of the Great Depression and profoundly influenced the development of documentary photography.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothea_Lange
1971 Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller (b 1898) Lieutenant General in the United States Marine Corps, most decorated U.S. Marine in history, and the only Marine to receive five Navy Crosses.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Burwell_%22Chesty%22_Puller
1977 MacKinlay Kantor (b 1904), born Benjamin McKinlay Kantor, American journalist, novelist and screenwriter. He wrote more than 30 novels, several based on the American Civil War, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1956 for his 1955 novel Andersonville.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacKinlay_Kantor
1985 Sollie Paul Williams (b 1917), known professionally as Tex Williams, was an American Western swing musician from Ramsey, Illinois, best known for novelty song "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! That Cigarette)"
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex_Williams
1986 Norm Cash, American baseball player (b. 1934)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex_Williams
1989 Marion King Hubbert (b 1903) geoscientist who worked at the Shell research lab in Houston, Texas. He made several important contributions to geology, geophysics, and petroleum geology, most notably the Hubbert curve and Hubbert peak theory (a basic component of Peak oil), with important political ramifications. He was often referred to as "M. King Hubbert" or "King Hubbert".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion_King_Hubbert
1991 John Elroy Sanford (b 1922), better known by his stage name Redd Foxx, was an American comedian and actor, best known for his starring role on the sitcom Sanford and Son.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Elroy_Sanford
2007 Werner Ritter von Trapp (21 December 1915 – 11 October 2007) was the second-oldest son of Georg Ritter von Trapp and Agathe Whitehead. He was a member of the Trapp Family Singers, whose lives were the inspiration for the play and movie The Sound of Music
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_von_Trapp
2007 David Lee "Tex" Hill, World War II fighter pilot, flying ace, 1st American Volunteer Group, son of Presbyterian missionaries, but raised in Texas, attended Texas Military Institute, and later attended Austin College, ended his military career in the Air Force Reserves, retiring as a Brigadier General. He holds the Distinguished Service Cross, Silver Star, Distinguished Flying Cross with three Oak Leaf Clusters, Presidential Unit Citation with Oak Leaf Cluster, Chinese Order of the Cloud and Banner 4th, 5th and 6th grades, 2-Star Wing Decorations, Chinese Victory Medal, Legion of Merit, and British Distinguished Flying Cross. (b. 1915)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Lee_%22Tex%22_Hill
2008 Neal Hefti (b 1922) American jazz trumpeter, composer, tune writer, and arranger. He was perhaps best known for composing the theme music for the Batman television series of the 1960s, and for scoring the 1968 film The Odd Couple and the subsequent TV series of the same name.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal_Hefti
Christian Feast Day:
Alexander Sauli
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Sauli
Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus (Roman Catholic Church)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andronicus,_Probus,_and_Tarachus
Gummarus
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gummarus
Lommán of Trim
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomm%C3%A1n_of_Trim
Nectarius of Constantinople
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectarius_of_Constantinople
Pope John XXIII (Roman Catholic Church)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII
October 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Philip the Evangelist of the Seventy Disciples, one of the seven deacons (1st century)
St. Theophanes Graptus (“the Branded”), Confessor and hymnographer, bishop of Nicaea (850)
Martyrs Zenaida (Zenais) and Philonilla of Tarsus in Cilicia (1st century)
St. Theophanes, faster of the Kiev Caves (12th century)
Saints Nectarius (397), Arsacius (405) and Sinisius (427), Patriarchs of Constantinople
St. Philotheus Kokkinos of Mt. Athos, patriarch of Constantinople (1379)
New Hieromartyr Juvenaly (Maslovsky), archbishop of Ryazan (1937)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Miracle from the Icon of Our Lord Jesus Christ in Beirut of Phoenicia
Repose of Elder Leonid of Optina Monastery (1841)
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akaCG
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jimmy-carter-wins-nobel-prize
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_11
www.amug.org/~jpaul/oct11.html
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.todayinsci.com/10/10_11.htm
www.lcms.org/page.aspx?pid=387
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1114.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
www.christianity.com/church/church-history/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_11_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)