Post by farmgal on Oct 3, 2012 23:07:31 GMT -5
October 5 is the 279th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 87 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 32
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
869 The Fourth Constantinople Council opened. During its six sessions the council condemned iconoclasm and anathematized Constantinople Patriarch Photius.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic)
1582 - Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1638 - The journal of John Winthrop recorded that a mighty tempest struck eastern New England. This second severe hurricane in three years blew down many trees in mile long tracks. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop
1744 - Following his ordination, David Brainerd, 26, began three years of intense missionary labors among the Indians along the Susquehannah River in New Jersey. Increasing illness from the elements led to Brainerd's premature death, after only three years.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brainerd
1775 - Washington informs Congress of espionageOn this day in 1775, General George Washington writes to the president of the Continental Congress, John Jay, to inform him that a letter from Dr. Benjamin Church, surgeon general of the Continental Army, to Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Gage, British commander in chief for North America, had been intercepted. Washington wrote, "I have now a painful tho' a Necessary Duty to perform respecting Doctor Church, Director General of the Hospital."
Washington described how a coded letter to a British officer, Major Crane, came into Washington’s possession by a convoluted route from "a Woman who was kept by Doctor Church." Washington "immediately secured the Woman, but for a long time she was proof against every threat and perswasion[sic] to discover the Author, however at length she was brought to a confession and named Doctor Church. I then immediately secured him and all his papers."
The woman Washington interrogated was the mistress of Dr. Benjamin Church, a renowned Boston physician, who was active in the Massachusetts Committee of Safety and served as a member of the Provincial Congress. In July 1775, Washington had named Church the first surgeon general of the Continental Army, only to find out three months later that he had been spying for the British since 1772. Church faced an army court martial on October 4, 1775.
Despite Church’s plea of innocence, and the inconsequential nature of the information he provided to Crane, the contents of the letter included Church’s statement of allegiance to the British crown. He was charged with treason, convicted and sentenced to life in prison. After becoming ill while incarcerated, Dr. Church was exiled to the West Indies. The ship in which he traveled is believed to have been lost at sea.
On November 7, 1775, shortly after the conviction of Dr. Church, the Continental Congress added a mandate for the death penalty as punishment for acts of espionage to the "articles of war."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Church
1777 George Washington visited the sick and wounded at Trappe Lutheran Church, Philadelphia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Lutheran_Church
1786 - The famous "Pumpkin Flood" occurred on the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers. Harrisburg PA reported a river stage of twenty-two feet. The heavy rains culminated a wet season. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods_in_the_United_States_until_1900#Great_Pumpkin_flood_-_October_1786
1793 - French Revolution: Christianity is disestablished in France.
1813 - Tecumseh defeated. During the War of 1812, a combined British and Indian force is defeated by General William Harrison's American army at the Battle of the Thames near Ontario, Canada. The leader of the Indian forces was Tecumseh, the Shawnee chief who organized intertribal resistance to the encroachment of white settlers on Indian lands. He was killed in the fighting.
Tecumseh was born in an Indian village in present-day Ohio and early on witnessed the devastation wrought on tribal lands by white settlers. He fought against U.S. forces in the American Revolution and later raided white settlements, often in conjunction with other tribes. He became a great orator and a leader of intertribal councils. He traveled widely, attempting to organize a united Indian front against the United States. When the War of 1812 erupted, he joined the British, and with a large Indian force he marched on U.S.-held Fort Detroit with British General Isaac Brock. In August 1812, the fort surrendered without a fight when it saw the British and Indian show of force.
Tecumseh then traveled south to rally other tribes to his cause and in 1813 joined British General Henry Procter in his invasion of Ohio. The British-Indian force besieged Fort Meigs, and Tecumseh intercepted and destroyed a Kentucky brigade sent to relieve the fort. After the U.S. victory at the Battle of Lake Erie in September 1813, Procter and Tecumseh were forced to retreat to Canada. Pursued by an American force led by the future president William Harrison, the British-Indian force was defeated at the Battle of the Thames River on October 5.
The battle gave control of the western theater to the United States in the War of 1812. Tecumseh's death marked the end of Indian resistance east of the Mississippi River, and soon after most of the depleted tribes were forced west.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecumseh
1857 - The City of Anaheim is founded.
Anaheim
1864 The Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia opened.
1869 - The first U.S. patent for a "water velocipede" was granted to F.A. Spofford and Matthew G. Raffington of Columbus, Ohio (No. 95,531). A number of similar devices were patented by the end of the nineteenth century.
1877 - Chief Joseph surrenders his Nez Perce band to General Nelson A. Miles. Following a 1,700-mile retreat, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians surrendered to U.S. Cavalry troops at Bear's Paw near Chinook, Montana. "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever," he stated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Joseph
1892 - Dalton Gang ends in shoot-out in Coffeyville, Kansas bank holdup. Bob Dalton wanted to make sure his name would long be remembered. He would, he claimed, "beat anything Jesse James ever did--rob two banks at once, in broad daylight." On October 5, 1892, the Dalton Gang attempted this feat when they set out to rob the C.M. Condon & Company's Bank and the First National Bank in Coffeyville, Kansas. While the gang was busy trying to hold up the banks, the people armed themselves and prepared for a gun battle. When the gang exited the banks, a shootout began. On the town's side, the shootout resulted in several townspeople shot, and town Marshal Charles Connelly being killed. In the Dalton Gang, Grat Dalton, Bob Dalton, Dick Broadwell and Bill Power were killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeyville,_Kansas#History
1905 - Wilbur Wright pilots Wright Flyer III in a flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes, a world record that stood until 1908.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur_Wright
1914 - World War I first aerial combat resulting in a kill.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_combat#World_War_I
1915 - Britain and France commit troops to operation in Salonika, Greece. At the request of the Greek prime minister, Eleutherios Venizelos, Britain and France agree on October 5, 1915, to land troops at the city of Salonika (now Thessaloniki), in northern Greece, during World War I.
Earlier in the war, David Lloyd George, Britain’s minister of munitions, had argued for sending Allied troops to Salonika instead of the Gallipoli Peninsula; the idea was shelved when the ill-fated invasion of Gallipoli went ahead in the late spring of 1915. In early October of that year, however, Britain and France each agreed to contribute 75,000 troops to establish a base of operations in Salonika, from which they would attempt to aid their battered ally in the Balkans, Serbia, in its struggle against the Central Powers.
The expedition had three major drawbacks, however: First, it would conflict with the demands of Gallipoli operation, which was ongoing but locked in a virtual stalemate. Second, such a large Allied force could not be fully established in Salonika until the following January, which would undoubtedly be too late to aid the Serbs. Finally, such an operation would violate the neutrality of Greece. Though many in that country, including Venizelos, favored intervention in the war on the side of the Allies, King Constantine remained steadfastly neutral; married to a relative of Kaiser Wilhelm II, his natural sympathies lay with Germany. Lloyd George, for one, dismissed the idea of a violation of Greek neutrality, arguing disingenuously that "there was no comparison between going through Greece and the German passage through Belgium." In fact, a goal of the Salonika expedition, expressed by Lord H.H. Kitchener, the British secretary of war, was to provoke Greece into intervening and aiding Serbia against the Central Powers.
Another objective of the operation in October 1915 was to defend Greece against invaders from Bulgaria, which entered the war that same month on the side of the Central Powers. In the end, however, the Anglo-French force began arriving too late to aid the Serbs—the Serbian capital, Belgrade, was evacuated and occupied by the enemy on October 9—and was not strong enough for an aggressive offensive against the Bulgarian invaders. Against the objections of Constantine and his supporters, the Allies remained in Salonika, as yet another front in World War I became bogged down in stalemate over the course of the next year.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salonika#20th_century
1915 - Bulgaria enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria#Third_Bulgarian_state
1917 - The temperature at Sentinel, AZ, soared to 116 degrees to establish an October record for the nation. (The Weather Channel)
1921 - Baseball: The World Series is broadcast on the radio for the first time.
1923 - Edwin Hubble identified the first Cepheid variable star. Hubble trained the Hooker telescope on a hazy patch of sky called the Andromeda Nebula. He found that it contained stars just like the ones in our galaxy, only dimmer. One star he saw was a Cepheid variable, a type of star with a known, varying brightness that can be used to measure distances. From this Hubble deduced that the Andromeda Nebula was not a nearby star cluster but rather an entire other galaxy, now called the Andromeda galaxy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable_star#History
1930 - Laura Ingalls (1901-1967) was the first woman to make a transcontinental airplane flight departed from Roosevelt Field, New York. She flew her D.H. Gipsy Moth bi-plane to Grand Central Air Terminal, Glendale, Cal., making nine stops and arriving four days later. She logged 30 hrs 27 mins of flying time. On 18 Oct 1930 she made the return flight in the shorter time of 25 hrs 35 mins. Earlier in 1930, she established the Women's Loop record over Lambert-St. Louis Field on 4 May with 344 loops which she bettered 26 May at Muskogee, Okla. by making 980 consecutive continuous loops in 3:40. By 13 Aug, she had also established the world barrel-roll record for men and women of 714 rolls over Lambert-St. Louis Field.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_(aviator)
1930 - The New York Philharmonic Orchestra was first heard on the air over CBS radio from Carnegie Hall
1930 “God of Grace and God of Glory” was written by Harry Emerson Fosdick (1878–1969) for the opening service of Riverside Church in New York City.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/f/o/s/fosdick_he.htm
1930 - Father Coughlin, "The Fighting Priest" was first heard on the radio. "Father Coughlin" started with a weekly broadcast on WJR, Detroit's "Good Will" station. CBS broadcast it nationwide in 1930 and 1931. He started his own radio network that grew to 30 stations. John Spivak, estimated that Coughlin's broadcasts reached 40 million, said: "Only the President had a bigger audience" The President spoke only on special occasions, the priest every Sunday
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Coughlin
1931 - Clyde Pangborn and Hugh Herndon completed the first nonstop flight across the Pacific Ocean, arriving in Washington state about 41 hours after leaving Japan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Pangborn
1934 - "Hollywood Hotel" debuted on CBS radio. Beginning in 1928, Louella Parsons hosted a weekly radio program featuring movie star interviews that was sponsored by SunKist. A similar program in 1931 was sponsored by Charis Foundation Garment. In 1934, she signed a contract with the Campbell's Soup Company and began hosting a program titled "Hollywood Hotel," which showcased stars in scenes from their upcoming movies. Parsons established herself as the social and moral arbiter of Hollywood. Her judgments were considered the final word in most cases, and her disfavor was feared more than that of movie critics. Her column was followed religiously and thus afforded her a unique type and degree of power.
www.otrsite.com/logs/logh1022.htm
1936 - The first intercity telecast in the U.S. using coaxial cable was transmitted from New York City to Philadelphia. On 10 Jun of the same year, the first coaxial cable telecast was transmitted from Radio City, New York City to a transmitter on the top of the Empire State Building, a distance of about 1.5 miles. It was not until 4 Sep 1951 that the first U.S. coast-to-coast telecast was made between New York City and San Francisco, Cal.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable
1939 - Perry Como recorded "I Wonder Who’s Kissing Her Now" on Decca.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Wonder_Who%27s_Kissing_Her_Now
1942 - "Stalingrad must not be taken by the enemy." On this day in 1942, Joseph Stalin, premier and dictator of the Soviet Union, fires off a telegram to the German and Soviet front at Stalingrad, exhorting his forces to victory. "That part of Stalingrad which has been captured must be liberated."
Stalingrad was a key to capturing the Soviet Union, in many ways as important as capturing Moscow itself. It stood between the old Russia and the new, a center of both rail and river communications, industry and old-world Russian trade. To preserve Stalingrad's integrity was to preserve Russian civilization past and present. As the Germans reached the Volga, thrust and counterthrust brought the battle to a standstill. Everyone from Russian factory workers to reinforcements of more than 160,000 Soviet soldiers poured into Stalingrad to beat back the German invader. Despite dwindling supplies, such as tanks and troop reserves, Hitler would not relent, convincing himself that the Russians could not hold out for long.
But Stalin appealed not only to Russian patriotism but also to Allied armaments. Requests to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill for aid had not gone unheeded, as five British merchant ships arrived in northern Russia, loaded with supplies
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalingrad_(battle)
1944 - Suffrage is extended to women in France.
1945 - Hollywood Black Friday: A six month strike by Hollywood set decorators turns into a bloody riot at the gates of Warner Brothers' studios.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Black_Friday
1945 - "Meet the Press" premieres on radio. It started as a radio show in 1945 as American Mercury Presents: Meet the Press, originating from WRC-AM in Washington. It was later adapted for television. Meet the Press made its television debut on November 6, 1947. It is now the longest-running television show in United States broadcasting history.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meet_the_Press#History
1947 - The first televised White House address is given by U.S. President Harry S. Truman. The President's address, part of a special broadcast on the food conservation program, was the first of its kind ever televised from the White House. Other speakers on the program were George C. Marshall, Secretary of State; Clinton P. Anderson, Secretary of Agriculture; W. Averell Harriman, Secretary of Commerce; and Charles Luckman, Chairman of the Citizens Food Committee. The text of the remarks of the Secretaries and of Mr. Luckman was made public by the White House.
1947 - Ampex gets an assist from Bing Crosby. A small Northern California company got a major boost from Bing Crosby. The first show recorded on tape was broadcast on ABC radio. "Der Bingle" was so popular, that his taped show promoted wide distribution of the new magnetic tape recorders that would become broadcast classics -- the venerable Ampex 200.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampex
1953 - The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotics_Anonymous
1953 - Earl Warren sworn in as 14th chief justice of the US
1956 - Yogi Berra becomes the 4th Yank to hit a World Series Grand Slam.
1957 - "Honeycomb" by Jimmie Rodgers topped the charts.
1958 - The Kingston Trio scored a #1 hit with "Tom Dooley"
1959 - "Mack the Knife" by Bobby Darin topped the charts
1961 - "Breakfast at Tiffanys", based on Truman Capote's book, was copyright registered
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1962 - Dr. No, the first in the James Bond film series, was released.
1962 - Beatles release their first record "Love Me Do"
1963 - "Blue Velvet" by Bobby Vinton topped the charts .
1964 - The largest mass escape since the construction of the Berlin Wall occurred as 57 East German refugees escaped to West Berlin after tunneling beneath the wall
1965 - Chuck Linster performs 6,006 consecutive push-ups
1965 - Henry Mancini received a gold record for the soundtrack LP, "The Pink Panther"
1966 - Near Detroit, Michigan, there is a partial core meltdown at the Enrico Fermi demonstration nuclear breeder reactor.
1968 - "Hey Jude" by the Beatles topped the charts
1969 - Cuban defector lands MiG in Miami. In an embarrassing breach of the United States' air-defense capability, a Cuban defector enters U.S. air space undetected and lands his Soviet-made MiG-17 at Homestead Air Force Base, south of Miami, Florida. The presidential aircraft Air Force One was at the base at the time, waiting to return President Richard M. Nixon to Washington. The base was subsequently put on continuous alert, and it opened a new radar tracking facility to prevent the repetition of a similar incident in the future.
1970 - The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is founded. PBS was founded in 1969, at which time it took over many of the functions of its predecessor, National Educational Television (NET). It commenced broadcasting itself on Monday, October 5, 1970. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations. The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is a non-profit public broadcasting television service with 349 member TV stations in the United States.
1972 - Heavy rains, mostly the remnants of Tropical Storm Joanne, fell across much of Arizona. It was believed to be the first time in Arizona weather history that a tropical storm entered the state with its circulation still intact. The center was over Flagstaff early on the 7th. (3rd-7th) (The Weather Channel)
1974 - "I Honestly Love You" by Olivia Newton-John topped the charts.
1975 Grace Lutheran Church, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, voted to leave the Missouri Synod and join the Lutheran Church in Mission (LCM). The congregation was the first to take such action during the controversy centered in Concordia Seminary and the founding of Concordia Seminary in Exile.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America
1978 - Isaac Singer wins Nobel Prize. On this day in 1978, Isaac Bashevis Singer wins the Nobel Prize for literature. Singer wrote in Yiddish about Jewish life in Poland and the United States, and translations of his work became popular in mainstream America as well as Jewish circles.
Singer was born in Poland in 1904 into a long line of Hasidic rabbis. He studied at the Warsaw Rabbinical Seminar, and inspired by his older brother Joshua, a writer, he began to write his own stories and novels. He published his first novel, Satan in Goray, in Poland in 1935.
The same year, he immigrated to the United States, where Joshua had already moved, to escape growing anti-Semitism in Europe. In New York, he wrote for a Yiddish-language newspaper. His mother and another brother were killed by the Nazis in 1939, the same year that Singer married Alma, the daughter of a Jewish merchant who had fled to the United States. In 1943, Singer became a U.S. citizen. His best-known works include The Family Moskat (1950), The Manor (1967), and The Estate (1969), all about the changes in and disintegration of Jewish families responding to assimilation pressures. Singer's work is full of Jewish folklore and legends, peopled with devils, witches, and goblins. He wrote 12 books of short stories, 13 children's books, and four memoirs. One of his stories, Yentl, was made into a movie directed by and starring Barbara Streisand in 1983. Singer divided his time between New York and Miami until his death, in 1991.
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1981 - Raoul Wallenberg becomes an honorary U.S. citizen.
1982 - An unmanned rocket sled reached a record 9,851 kph or 6,121 mph (Mach 8) over the 9.5 mile-long rail track at White Sands Missile Test Base, New Mexico.
1983 - Lech Walesa wins the Nobel Peace Prize
1985 - Grambling's Eddie Robinson wins record 324th football game
1987 - It was another day of scorching heat for the southwestern U.S. Afternoon highs of 102 degrees in Downtown San Francisco, and 104 degrees at Monterrey, established all-time records. The high of 101 degrees at San Jose was a record for October. Sacramento tied their record for October for the third time in the month, with a reading of 102 degrees. The high for the nation was 111 degrees at San Luis Obispo and Palm Springs. Twenty cities in the southeastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Knoxville TN with a reading of 34 degrees. (The National Weather Summary)
1988 - Thirteen cities in the central U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Duluth MN with a reading of 21 degrees. Goodland KS reported an afternoon high of 39 degrees. Showers over Upper Michigan produced an inch of snow at Marquette. (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Showers and thunderstorms associated with Tropical Storm Raymond deluged southeastern Arizona with heavy rain. Up to four and a half inches of rain was reported north of Wilcox. Three- fourths of the streets in the town of Wilcox were left under eighteen inches of water, and damage exceeded a million dollars. Evening thunderstorms developing along a cold front produced severe weather in Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle. Thunderstorms produced high winds which gusted to 80 mph at White Deer TX, and resulted in one death at Pocasset OK. Thunderstorms produced golf ball size hail at Pampa TX and Lefors TX. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
1990 - Cincinnati jury acquits art gallery of obscenity (Mapplethorpe photos)
1991 - "Good Vibrations" by Marky Mark & the Funky Bunch topped the charts
2001 - Robert Stevens becomes the first victim in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
Births
1703 - Jonathan Edwards, American minister, preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans. Edwards "is widely acknowledged to be America's most important and original philosophical theologian," and one of America's greatest intellectuals. Edwards's theological work is very broad in scope, but he is often associated with his defense of Reformed theology, the metaphysics of theological determinism, and the Puritan heritage. Recent studies have emphasized how thoroughly Edwards grounded his life's work on conceptions of beauty, harmony, and ethical fittingness, and how central The Enlightenment was to his mindset.
Edwards played a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening, and oversaw some of the first fires of revival in 1733–1735 at his church in Northampton, Massachusetts. Edwards's sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God", is considered a classic of early American literature, which he delivered during another wave of revival in 1741, following George Whitefield's tour of the Thirteen Colonies. Edwards is widely known for his many books: The End For Which God Created the World; The Life of David Brainerd, which served to inspire thousands of missionaries throughout the nineteenth century; and Religious Affections, which many Reformed Evangelicals read even today. Edwards died from a smallpox inoculation shortly after beginning the presidency at the College of New Jersey (later to be named Princeton University), and was the grandfather of Aaron Burr. (d. 1758)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)
1804 - Robert Parker Parrott (d 1877) U.S. inventor who developed the rifled cannon known as the Parrott gun, the most formidable cannon of its time. He graduated from West Point Military Academy (1824), and spent 12 years with the Army, gaining ordinance experience. He was the army's inspector of ordinance at the private firm, West Point Foundry at Cold Spring when he retired from the army to become its civilian superintendent (31 Oct 1836) for 41 years. He perfected and manufactured a 10 pounder rifled cannon. It used a projectile with an encircling brass ring that expanded upon firing to fit the rifling grooves of the barrel. He patented both in 1861. Production of 20- and 30-pounder designs followed. During the Civil War years, he developed the Parrott sight and fuze.
1820 - David Wilber, American politician, United States Representative from New York and father of congressman David F. Wilber (1859 - 1928). (d. 1890)
1824 - Henry Chadwick, English-born American baseball writer and statistician (d. 1908)
1829 - Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (d. 1886) On this day in 1829, future President Chester Alan Arthur is born in North Fairfield, Vermont.
The precocious and bright young Arthur wanted to become a lawyer and enrolled in Union College in New York at the age of 15. He later supported himself by teaching school while he earned his law degree. In 1848, he went to work as a lawyer in New York City. During the Civil War he served as quartermaster general for the state of New York, overseeing the purchase of supplies for the state’s military depots. His political career began when Ulysses S. Grant appointed him as port collector for New York’s harbors in 1871. Arthur’s penchant for staffing his office with Republican political cronies resulted in his firing by President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1878. After being chosen as James Garfield’s vice-presidential running mate in 1880, Arthur decided to straighten up his act and denounced the political patronage system. The campaign was successful.
In March 1881, Arthur’s close friend and boss, President James Garfield, was shot by a crazed assassin named Charles Guiteau. Garfield lingered for four months but finally succumbed to his wounds on September 2. The next day, Arthur was sworn in as president, becoming the third person to inhabit the White House in 1881. (Rutherford B. Hayes had turned over the reins of government to Garfield that March.)
According to President Hayes, Arthur’s administration was best known for "liquor, snobbery and worse." Although he had been ambitious as a young man, he was considered a lazy and "foppish" president. Some historians suggest that the lethargy he displayed as president was in fact the result of a debilitating and fatal kidney ailment known as Bright’s disease, compounded by a case of malaria he picked up while vacationing in Florida. Others explained away his frivolous lifestyle as a balm for the heartbreak he experienced over his beloved wife’s unexpected death in 1880.
Arthur served only one term from 1881 to 1885. The following year, he died from complications associated with Bright’s disease.
1833 - William G. Tomer, American Civil War veteran and Methodist hymnwriter. It is to his tune, FAREWELL, that today we sing the hymn, "God Be With You Till We Meet Again."
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/t/o/tomer_wg.htm
1850 - William Hamilton Gibson (d 1896). American illustrator, author, and naturalist. Gibson had sketched flowers and insects when he was only eight years old, had long been interested in botany and entomology, and had acquired great skill in making wax flowers. His first drawings of a technical character were published in 1870. He drew for many periodicals, his most popular works being a long series of nature articles published in Harper's Weekly, Scribner's Monthly, and Century. Gibson was an expert photographer, and his drawings had a nearly photographic and almost microscopic accuracy of detail.
1879 - Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, whose discovery of cancer-inducing viruses earned him a share of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1966. Rous joined the Rockefeller Institute in New York as a pathologist in 1909. The same year, a local farmer brought a chicken with a tumour for testing. Having determined it to be a sarcoma, Rous discovered that it could be "transferred" into a healthy chicken by grafting tumour cells. Surprisingly, injecting cell-free filtrates from the tumour also led to sarcomas in healthy chickens. By 1914, Rous's laboratory had discovered three distinct types of avian sarcomas. Although he did not isolate specific agents, Rous postulated that chicken tumours were due to "filterable agents"-eventually identified as Rous sarcoma virus. (d. 1970)
1882 - Robert Goddard, American professor, physicist and inventor, "father of modern rocketry". From age 17 Goddard was interested in rockets (1899) and by 1908 he conducted static tests with small solid-fuel rockets. He developed mathematical theory of rocket propulsion (1912) and proved that rockets would functioned in a vacuum for space flight (1915). During WW I, Goddard developed rocket weapons. He wrote A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, in 1919. Over the following two decades he produced a number of large liquid-fuel rockets at his shop and rocket range at Roswell, N.M. During WW II he developed rocket-assisted takeoff of Navy carrier planes and variable-thrust liquid-fuel rocket motors. At the time of his death Goddard held 214 patents in rocketry. (d. 1945)
1892 - Remington Kellogg, American naturalist (d. 1969)
1901 - John Alton, American cinematographer (d. 1996)won an Academy Award for An American in Paris (1951).
1902 - Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur, took over the small-scale McDonald's Corporation franchise in 1954 and built it into the most successful fast food operation in the world. Kroc was included in Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century,[2] and amassed a $500 million fortune during his lifetime.[3] He was also the owner of the San Diego Padres baseball team starting in 1974. (d. 1984)
1903 - Marion King Hubbert (d 1989) geoscientist who worked at the Shell research lab in Houston, Texas. He made several important contributions to geology, geophysics, and petroleum geology, most notably the Hubbert curve and Hubbert peak theory (a basic component of Peak oil), with important political ramifications. He was often referred to as "M. King Hubbert" or "King Hubbert".
1905 - John Hoyt, American film and television actor (d. 1991)
1907 - Elva Ruby Connes Miller (d 1997), who recorded under the name Mrs. Miller, was an American singer who gained some fame in the 1960s for her out-of-tune versions of songs such as "Moon River", "Monday, Monday", "A Lover's Concerto", and "Downtown". She sang in an untrained, Mermanesque, vibrato-laden voice. According to Irving Wallace, David Wallechinsky, and Amy Wallace in The Book of Lists 2, her voice was compared to the sound of "roaches scurrying across a trash can lid."
1913 - Eugene Bennett Fluckey American Navy Submariner, received the Medal of Honor during World War II. (d. 2007)
1916 - Stetson Kennedy , Jacksonville, Florida, author and human rights activist from Florida. Kennedy is also known as a pioneering folklorist, a labor activist, and environmentalist. He is the author of the books After Appomattox, Palmetto Country, Southern Exposure, The Jim Crow Guide, and The Klan Unmasked. He is co-author, with Peggy A. Bulger and Tina Bucuvalas, of South Florida Folklife
1917 - Allen Ludden, American television game show host, perhaps most well-known for hosting various incarnations of the game show Password between 1961 and 1980. (d. 1981)
1922 - Bil Keane, American cartoonist, best known for his work on the long-running newspaper comic The Family Circus, which began its run in 1960 and continues in syndication.
1923 - Philip Berrigan, American peace activist (d. 2002)
1924 - Bob Thaves, American cartoonist Frank and Ernest (comic strip) (d. 2006)
1929 - Richard F. Gordon, Jr., American astronaut
1935 - Arlene Saunders, Cleveland, American soprano. After making her operatic debut as Rosalinde von Eisenstein, in Die Fledermaus, with the National Opera Company in 1958, she made her first appearance with the New York City Opera in 1961, as Giorgetta in Il tabarro (conducted by Julius Rudel). With that company, she soon sang in Carmen (as Micaëla), La bohème (as Mimì), Louise (opposite Norman Treigle as the Père), Die lustige Witwe and Don Giovanni (as Donna Elvira).
1936 - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic
1937 - Barry Switzer, American football coach
1938 - Teresa Heinz Kerry, American philanthropist
1942 - Richard Street, American singer (The Temptations)
1943 - Ben Cardin, American politician, junior senator of Maryland
1949 - Bill James, American baseball writer
1958 - Neil DeGrasse Tyson, American Astrophysicist
1960 - Daniel Baldwin, American actor
Deaths
1813 - Tecumseh, Shawnee leader (b. 1768) Shawnee Indian Chief Tecumseh was defeated and killed during the War of 1812. Regarded as one of the greatest American Indians, he was a powerful orator who defended his people against white settlement. When the War of 1812 broke out, he joined the British as a brigadier general and was killed at the Battle of the Thames in Ontario.
1940 – Ballington Booth, Salvation Army Officer and co-founder of Volunteers of America (b. 1857)
1940 - Lincoln Loy McCandless (b 1859) American cattle rancher, industrialist and politician from Hawaii. McCandless served in the United States Congress as a territorial delegate. A former member of the Hawaii Republican Party, McCandless was one of the earliest leaders of the Hawaii Democratic Party.
1941 - Louis Dembitz Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1856)
1954 - Alfred Marston Tozzer (b 1877) U.S. anthropologist and archaeologist who was an authority on the culture and language of the Maya Indians of Mexico and Central America. He conducted his initial anthropological fieldwork in California and New Mexico among the Wintun and Navajo nations during his undergraduate summers in 1900 and 1901, focusing on linguistics. He led (1909-10) an expedition to Guatemala, finding ruins at Holmul. His most important works on the Maya include Maya Grammar (1921) and Chichen Itza and its Center of Sacrifice (1957), a major synthesis of American prehistory. He earned his undergraduate and graduate degrees from Harvard, where he taught for over 40 years (1905-47).
1960 - Alfred Louis Kroeber (b 1876) influential American anthropologist of the first half of the 20th century, whose primary concern was to understand the nature of culture and its processes. He graduated from Columbia University in 1896, and received a Ph.D. under Franz Boas there in 1901, then moved west to found the anthropology department at the University of California at Berkeley where he remained until 1946. His chief scholarly interest was California Indians. He developed the concept of cultures as patterned wholes, each with its own style, and each undergoing a growth process analogous to that of a biological organism. Kroeber also made valuable contributions to the archaeology of New Mexico, Mexico, and Peru.
1969 - Harry Emerson Fosdick, 91, pastored Riverside Church in New York City 1926-46, and authored the enduring hymn, "God of Grace and God of Glory."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Emerson_Fosdick
1983 - Earl Silas Tupper (b 1907) was the inventor of Tupperware, an airtight plastic container for storing food. From working at DuPont (1937-38), he gained experience in plastics design and struck out on his own. In the '40s, plastic products had a reputation for being brittle, greasy, smelly and generally unreliable. Tupper's contributions were twofold. First, he developed a method for purifying black polyethylene slag, a waste product produced in oil refinement, into a substance that was flexible, tough, non-porous, non-greasy and translucent. Second, he developed the Tupper seal, an airtight, watertight lid modeled on the lid for paint containers. Together, these innovations laid the foundations for the future success of Tupperware. His company had great success by marketing through Brownie Wise's idea of Tupperware parties.
1986 - Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (Casablanca) (b. 1898)
1992 - Eddie Kendricks, American singer (The Temptations) (b. 1939)
1996 - Seymour Cray, American computer pioneer, who pioneered the use of transistors in computers and later developed massive supercomputers to run business and government information networks. (b. 1925)
2001 - Mike Mansfield, American Democratic politician, longest-serving Majority Leader of the United States Senate, serving from 1961 to 1977. He also served as United States Ambassador to Japan for over ten years. Born in New York City to Irish Catholic immigrants, he was raised in Montana, where he graduated from the University of Montana in Missoula (then called Montana State University). Mansfield represented the state of Montana throughout his political career. (b. 1903)
2003 - Timothy Treadwell, American bear enthusiast featured in Grizzly Man (b. 1957)
2004 - Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian (b. 1921)
2004 - William H. Dobelle, American biomedical engineer, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine nominee (b. 1941)
Christian Feast Day
Faustyna Kowalska
Blessed Francis Xavier Seelos (Roman Catholic Church)
Thraseas
Hor and Susia (Coptic Church)
Placid and Maurus
Placidus (martyr)
October 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyr Charitina of Amisus (304)
Saints Peter (1326), Alexis (1378), Jonah (1461), Macarius (1563), Philip (1569), and Hermogenes (1612), metropolitans of Moscow and Wonderworkers of all Russia
Martyr Mamelta (Mamelchtha) Persia (344)
Hieromartyr Dionysius of Alexandria, bishop (265)
Saints Damian the Healer (1071); and Saints Jeremiah (1070) and Matthew (1085), clairvoyants, of the Kiev Caves
Saint John (Mavropos), metropolitan of Euchaita (1100)
Saint Charitina of Lithuania, princess (1281)
Saint Cosmas of Bithynia (10th century)
Saint Gregory (Grigol), archimandrite of Khandzta in the Klarjeti desert, Georgia (861)
St. Sabbas the fool-for-Christ, of Vatopedi monastery, Mt. Athos (1350)
St. Varlaam, desert-dweller of Chikoysk (1846)
Saint Methodia of Cimola (1908)
St. Seraphim (Amelin), schema-archimandrite of Glinsk Hermitage (1958)
New Hiero-confessor Gabriel, archimandrite in Melekess (Saratov) (1959)
Other commemorations
Repose of Nun Agnia (Countess Anna Orlova-Chesmenskaya) (1848)
Uncovering of the relics (1841) of St. Eudocimus the Unknown, monk of Vatopedi monastery, Mt. Athos
Uncovering of the relics (1985) of New Hiero-confessor Basil (Preobrazhensky), bishop of Kineshma (1945)
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akaCG
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-presidential-speech-on-tv
www.amug.org/~jpaul/oct05.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.todayinsci.com/10/10_05.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_5
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_5_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.cyberhymnal.org/index.htm#lk
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1005.htm
There are 87 days remaining until the end of the year.
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869 The Fourth Constantinople Council opened. During its six sessions the council condemned iconoclasm and anathematized Constantinople Patriarch Photius.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Council_of_Constantinople_(Catholic)
1582 - Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
1638 - The journal of John Winthrop recorded that a mighty tempest struck eastern New England. This second severe hurricane in three years blew down many trees in mile long tracks. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Winthrop
1744 - Following his ordination, David Brainerd, 26, began three years of intense missionary labors among the Indians along the Susquehannah River in New Jersey. Increasing illness from the elements led to Brainerd's premature death, after only three years.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brainerd
1775 - Washington informs Congress of espionageOn this day in 1775, General George Washington writes to the president of the Continental Congress, John Jay, to inform him that a letter from Dr. Benjamin Church, surgeon general of the Continental Army, to Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Gage, British commander in chief for North America, had been intercepted. Washington wrote, "I have now a painful tho' a Necessary Duty to perform respecting Doctor Church, Director General of the Hospital."
Washington described how a coded letter to a British officer, Major Crane, came into Washington’s possession by a convoluted route from "a Woman who was kept by Doctor Church." Washington "immediately secured the Woman, but for a long time she was proof against every threat and perswasion[sic] to discover the Author, however at length she was brought to a confession and named Doctor Church. I then immediately secured him and all his papers."
The woman Washington interrogated was the mistress of Dr. Benjamin Church, a renowned Boston physician, who was active in the Massachusetts Committee of Safety and served as a member of the Provincial Congress. In July 1775, Washington had named Church the first surgeon general of the Continental Army, only to find out three months later that he had been spying for the British since 1772. Church faced an army court martial on October 4, 1775.
Despite Church’s plea of innocence, and the inconsequential nature of the information he provided to Crane, the contents of the letter included Church’s statement of allegiance to the British crown. He was charged with treason, convicted and sentenced to life in prison. After becoming ill while incarcerated, Dr. Church was exiled to the West Indies. The ship in which he traveled is believed to have been lost at sea.
On November 7, 1775, shortly after the conviction of Dr. Church, the Continental Congress added a mandate for the death penalty as punishment for acts of espionage to the "articles of war."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Church
1777 George Washington visited the sick and wounded at Trappe Lutheran Church, Philadelphia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Lutheran_Church
1786 - The famous "Pumpkin Flood" occurred on the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers. Harrisburg PA reported a river stage of twenty-two feet. The heavy rains culminated a wet season. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floods_in_the_United_States_until_1900#Great_Pumpkin_flood_-_October_1786
1793 - French Revolution: Christianity is disestablished in France.
1813 - Tecumseh defeated. During the War of 1812, a combined British and Indian force is defeated by General William Harrison's American army at the Battle of the Thames near Ontario, Canada. The leader of the Indian forces was Tecumseh, the Shawnee chief who organized intertribal resistance to the encroachment of white settlers on Indian lands. He was killed in the fighting.
Tecumseh was born in an Indian village in present-day Ohio and early on witnessed the devastation wrought on tribal lands by white settlers. He fought against U.S. forces in the American Revolution and later raided white settlements, often in conjunction with other tribes. He became a great orator and a leader of intertribal councils. He traveled widely, attempting to organize a united Indian front against the United States. When the War of 1812 erupted, he joined the British, and with a large Indian force he marched on U.S.-held Fort Detroit with British General Isaac Brock. In August 1812, the fort surrendered without a fight when it saw the British and Indian show of force.
Tecumseh then traveled south to rally other tribes to his cause and in 1813 joined British General Henry Procter in his invasion of Ohio. The British-Indian force besieged Fort Meigs, and Tecumseh intercepted and destroyed a Kentucky brigade sent to relieve the fort. After the U.S. victory at the Battle of Lake Erie in September 1813, Procter and Tecumseh were forced to retreat to Canada. Pursued by an American force led by the future president William Harrison, the British-Indian force was defeated at the Battle of the Thames River on October 5.
The battle gave control of the western theater to the United States in the War of 1812. Tecumseh's death marked the end of Indian resistance east of the Mississippi River, and soon after most of the depleted tribes were forced west.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecumseh
1857 - The City of Anaheim is founded.
Anaheim
1864 The Lutheran Theological Seminary at Philadelphia opened.
1869 - The first U.S. patent for a "water velocipede" was granted to F.A. Spofford and Matthew G. Raffington of Columbus, Ohio (No. 95,531). A number of similar devices were patented by the end of the nineteenth century.
1877 - Chief Joseph surrenders his Nez Perce band to General Nelson A. Miles. Following a 1,700-mile retreat, Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians surrendered to U.S. Cavalry troops at Bear's Paw near Chinook, Montana. "From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever," he stated.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Joseph
1892 - Dalton Gang ends in shoot-out in Coffeyville, Kansas bank holdup. Bob Dalton wanted to make sure his name would long be remembered. He would, he claimed, "beat anything Jesse James ever did--rob two banks at once, in broad daylight." On October 5, 1892, the Dalton Gang attempted this feat when they set out to rob the C.M. Condon & Company's Bank and the First National Bank in Coffeyville, Kansas. While the gang was busy trying to hold up the banks, the people armed themselves and prepared for a gun battle. When the gang exited the banks, a shootout began. On the town's side, the shootout resulted in several townspeople shot, and town Marshal Charles Connelly being killed. In the Dalton Gang, Grat Dalton, Bob Dalton, Dick Broadwell and Bill Power were killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeyville,_Kansas#History
1905 - Wilbur Wright pilots Wright Flyer III in a flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes, a world record that stood until 1908.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilbur_Wright
1914 - World War I first aerial combat resulting in a kill.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_combat#World_War_I
1915 - Britain and France commit troops to operation in Salonika, Greece. At the request of the Greek prime minister, Eleutherios Venizelos, Britain and France agree on October 5, 1915, to land troops at the city of Salonika (now Thessaloniki), in northern Greece, during World War I.
Earlier in the war, David Lloyd George, Britain’s minister of munitions, had argued for sending Allied troops to Salonika instead of the Gallipoli Peninsula; the idea was shelved when the ill-fated invasion of Gallipoli went ahead in the late spring of 1915. In early October of that year, however, Britain and France each agreed to contribute 75,000 troops to establish a base of operations in Salonika, from which they would attempt to aid their battered ally in the Balkans, Serbia, in its struggle against the Central Powers.
The expedition had three major drawbacks, however: First, it would conflict with the demands of Gallipoli operation, which was ongoing but locked in a virtual stalemate. Second, such a large Allied force could not be fully established in Salonika until the following January, which would undoubtedly be too late to aid the Serbs. Finally, such an operation would violate the neutrality of Greece. Though many in that country, including Venizelos, favored intervention in the war on the side of the Allies, King Constantine remained steadfastly neutral; married to a relative of Kaiser Wilhelm II, his natural sympathies lay with Germany. Lloyd George, for one, dismissed the idea of a violation of Greek neutrality, arguing disingenuously that "there was no comparison between going through Greece and the German passage through Belgium." In fact, a goal of the Salonika expedition, expressed by Lord H.H. Kitchener, the British secretary of war, was to provoke Greece into intervening and aiding Serbia against the Central Powers.
Another objective of the operation in October 1915 was to defend Greece against invaders from Bulgaria, which entered the war that same month on the side of the Central Powers. In the end, however, the Anglo-French force began arriving too late to aid the Serbs—the Serbian capital, Belgrade, was evacuated and occupied by the enemy on October 9—and was not strong enough for an aggressive offensive against the Bulgarian invaders. Against the objections of Constantine and his supporters, the Allies remained in Salonika, as yet another front in World War I became bogged down in stalemate over the course of the next year.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salonika#20th_century
1915 - Bulgaria enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria#Third_Bulgarian_state
1917 - The temperature at Sentinel, AZ, soared to 116 degrees to establish an October record for the nation. (The Weather Channel)
1921 - Baseball: The World Series is broadcast on the radio for the first time.
1923 - Edwin Hubble identified the first Cepheid variable star. Hubble trained the Hooker telescope on a hazy patch of sky called the Andromeda Nebula. He found that it contained stars just like the ones in our galaxy, only dimmer. One star he saw was a Cepheid variable, a type of star with a known, varying brightness that can be used to measure distances. From this Hubble deduced that the Andromeda Nebula was not a nearby star cluster but rather an entire other galaxy, now called the Andromeda galaxy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cepheid_variable_star#History
1930 - Laura Ingalls (1901-1967) was the first woman to make a transcontinental airplane flight departed from Roosevelt Field, New York. She flew her D.H. Gipsy Moth bi-plane to Grand Central Air Terminal, Glendale, Cal., making nine stops and arriving four days later. She logged 30 hrs 27 mins of flying time. On 18 Oct 1930 she made the return flight in the shorter time of 25 hrs 35 mins. Earlier in 1930, she established the Women's Loop record over Lambert-St. Louis Field on 4 May with 344 loops which she bettered 26 May at Muskogee, Okla. by making 980 consecutive continuous loops in 3:40. By 13 Aug, she had also established the world barrel-roll record for men and women of 714 rolls over Lambert-St. Louis Field.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_(aviator)
1930 - The New York Philharmonic Orchestra was first heard on the air over CBS radio from Carnegie Hall
1930 “God of Grace and God of Glory” was written by Harry Emerson Fosdick (1878–1969) for the opening service of Riverside Church in New York City.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/f/o/s/fosdick_he.htm
1930 - Father Coughlin, "The Fighting Priest" was first heard on the radio. "Father Coughlin" started with a weekly broadcast on WJR, Detroit's "Good Will" station. CBS broadcast it nationwide in 1930 and 1931. He started his own radio network that grew to 30 stations. John Spivak, estimated that Coughlin's broadcasts reached 40 million, said: "Only the President had a bigger audience" The President spoke only on special occasions, the priest every Sunday
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Coughlin
1931 - Clyde Pangborn and Hugh Herndon completed the first nonstop flight across the Pacific Ocean, arriving in Washington state about 41 hours after leaving Japan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde_Pangborn
1934 - "Hollywood Hotel" debuted on CBS radio. Beginning in 1928, Louella Parsons hosted a weekly radio program featuring movie star interviews that was sponsored by SunKist. A similar program in 1931 was sponsored by Charis Foundation Garment. In 1934, she signed a contract with the Campbell's Soup Company and began hosting a program titled "Hollywood Hotel," which showcased stars in scenes from their upcoming movies. Parsons established herself as the social and moral arbiter of Hollywood. Her judgments were considered the final word in most cases, and her disfavor was feared more than that of movie critics. Her column was followed religiously and thus afforded her a unique type and degree of power.
www.otrsite.com/logs/logh1022.htm
1936 - The first intercity telecast in the U.S. using coaxial cable was transmitted from New York City to Philadelphia. On 10 Jun of the same year, the first coaxial cable telecast was transmitted from Radio City, New York City to a transmitter on the top of the Empire State Building, a distance of about 1.5 miles. It was not until 4 Sep 1951 that the first U.S. coast-to-coast telecast was made between New York City and San Francisco, Cal.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable
1939 - Perry Como recorded "I Wonder Who’s Kissing Her Now" on Decca.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Wonder_Who%27s_Kissing_Her_Now
1942 - "Stalingrad must not be taken by the enemy." On this day in 1942, Joseph Stalin, premier and dictator of the Soviet Union, fires off a telegram to the German and Soviet front at Stalingrad, exhorting his forces to victory. "That part of Stalingrad which has been captured must be liberated."
Stalingrad was a key to capturing the Soviet Union, in many ways as important as capturing Moscow itself. It stood between the old Russia and the new, a center of both rail and river communications, industry and old-world Russian trade. To preserve Stalingrad's integrity was to preserve Russian civilization past and present. As the Germans reached the Volga, thrust and counterthrust brought the battle to a standstill. Everyone from Russian factory workers to reinforcements of more than 160,000 Soviet soldiers poured into Stalingrad to beat back the German invader. Despite dwindling supplies, such as tanks and troop reserves, Hitler would not relent, convincing himself that the Russians could not hold out for long.
But Stalin appealed not only to Russian patriotism but also to Allied armaments. Requests to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill for aid had not gone unheeded, as five British merchant ships arrived in northern Russia, loaded with supplies
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalingrad_(battle)
1944 - Suffrage is extended to women in France.
1945 - Hollywood Black Friday: A six month strike by Hollywood set decorators turns into a bloody riot at the gates of Warner Brothers' studios.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollywood_Black_Friday
1945 - "Meet the Press" premieres on radio. It started as a radio show in 1945 as American Mercury Presents: Meet the Press, originating from WRC-AM in Washington. It was later adapted for television. Meet the Press made its television debut on November 6, 1947. It is now the longest-running television show in United States broadcasting history.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meet_the_Press#History
1947 - The first televised White House address is given by U.S. President Harry S. Truman. The President's address, part of a special broadcast on the food conservation program, was the first of its kind ever televised from the White House. Other speakers on the program were George C. Marshall, Secretary of State; Clinton P. Anderson, Secretary of Agriculture; W. Averell Harriman, Secretary of Commerce; and Charles Luckman, Chairman of the Citizens Food Committee. The text of the remarks of the Secretaries and of Mr. Luckman was made public by the White House.
1947 - Ampex gets an assist from Bing Crosby. A small Northern California company got a major boost from Bing Crosby. The first show recorded on tape was broadcast on ABC radio. "Der Bingle" was so popular, that his taped show promoted wide distribution of the new magnetic tape recorders that would become broadcast classics -- the venerable Ampex 200.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampex
1953 - The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcotics_Anonymous
1953 - Earl Warren sworn in as 14th chief justice of the US
1956 - Yogi Berra becomes the 4th Yank to hit a World Series Grand Slam.
1957 - "Honeycomb" by Jimmie Rodgers topped the charts.
1958 - The Kingston Trio scored a #1 hit with "Tom Dooley"
1959 - "Mack the Knife" by Bobby Darin topped the charts
1961 - "Breakfast at Tiffanys", based on Truman Capote's book, was copyright registered
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1962 - Dr. No, the first in the James Bond film series, was released.
1962 - Beatles release their first record "Love Me Do"
1963 - "Blue Velvet" by Bobby Vinton topped the charts .
1964 - The largest mass escape since the construction of the Berlin Wall occurred as 57 East German refugees escaped to West Berlin after tunneling beneath the wall
1965 - Chuck Linster performs 6,006 consecutive push-ups
1965 - Henry Mancini received a gold record for the soundtrack LP, "The Pink Panther"
1966 - Near Detroit, Michigan, there is a partial core meltdown at the Enrico Fermi demonstration nuclear breeder reactor.
1968 - "Hey Jude" by the Beatles topped the charts
1969 - Cuban defector lands MiG in Miami. In an embarrassing breach of the United States' air-defense capability, a Cuban defector enters U.S. air space undetected and lands his Soviet-made MiG-17 at Homestead Air Force Base, south of Miami, Florida. The presidential aircraft Air Force One was at the base at the time, waiting to return President Richard M. Nixon to Washington. The base was subsequently put on continuous alert, and it opened a new radar tracking facility to prevent the repetition of a similar incident in the future.
1970 - The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is founded. PBS was founded in 1969, at which time it took over many of the functions of its predecessor, National Educational Television (NET). It commenced broadcasting itself on Monday, October 5, 1970. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations. The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is a non-profit public broadcasting television service with 349 member TV stations in the United States.
1972 - Heavy rains, mostly the remnants of Tropical Storm Joanne, fell across much of Arizona. It was believed to be the first time in Arizona weather history that a tropical storm entered the state with its circulation still intact. The center was over Flagstaff early on the 7th. (3rd-7th) (The Weather Channel)
1974 - "I Honestly Love You" by Olivia Newton-John topped the charts.
1975 Grace Lutheran Church, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, voted to leave the Missouri Synod and join the Lutheran Church in Mission (LCM). The congregation was the first to take such action during the controversy centered in Concordia Seminary and the founding of Concordia Seminary in Exile.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America
1978 - Isaac Singer wins Nobel Prize. On this day in 1978, Isaac Bashevis Singer wins the Nobel Prize for literature. Singer wrote in Yiddish about Jewish life in Poland and the United States, and translations of his work became popular in mainstream America as well as Jewish circles.
Singer was born in Poland in 1904 into a long line of Hasidic rabbis. He studied at the Warsaw Rabbinical Seminar, and inspired by his older brother Joshua, a writer, he began to write his own stories and novels. He published his first novel, Satan in Goray, in Poland in 1935.
The same year, he immigrated to the United States, where Joshua had already moved, to escape growing anti-Semitism in Europe. In New York, he wrote for a Yiddish-language newspaper. His mother and another brother were killed by the Nazis in 1939, the same year that Singer married Alma, the daughter of a Jewish merchant who had fled to the United States. In 1943, Singer became a U.S. citizen. His best-known works include The Family Moskat (1950), The Manor (1967), and The Estate (1969), all about the changes in and disintegration of Jewish families responding to assimilation pressures. Singer's work is full of Jewish folklore and legends, peopled with devils, witches, and goblins. He wrote 12 books of short stories, 13 children's books, and four memoirs. One of his stories, Yentl, was made into a movie directed by and starring Barbara Streisand in 1983. Singer divided his time between New York and Miami until his death, in 1991.
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1981 - Raoul Wallenberg becomes an honorary U.S. citizen.
1982 - An unmanned rocket sled reached a record 9,851 kph or 6,121 mph (Mach 8) over the 9.5 mile-long rail track at White Sands Missile Test Base, New Mexico.
1983 - Lech Walesa wins the Nobel Peace Prize
1985 - Grambling's Eddie Robinson wins record 324th football game
1987 - It was another day of scorching heat for the southwestern U.S. Afternoon highs of 102 degrees in Downtown San Francisco, and 104 degrees at Monterrey, established all-time records. The high of 101 degrees at San Jose was a record for October. Sacramento tied their record for October for the third time in the month, with a reading of 102 degrees. The high for the nation was 111 degrees at San Luis Obispo and Palm Springs. Twenty cities in the southeastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Knoxville TN with a reading of 34 degrees. (The National Weather Summary)
1988 - Thirteen cities in the central U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Duluth MN with a reading of 21 degrees. Goodland KS reported an afternoon high of 39 degrees. Showers over Upper Michigan produced an inch of snow at Marquette. (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Showers and thunderstorms associated with Tropical Storm Raymond deluged southeastern Arizona with heavy rain. Up to four and a half inches of rain was reported north of Wilcox. Three- fourths of the streets in the town of Wilcox were left under eighteen inches of water, and damage exceeded a million dollars. Evening thunderstorms developing along a cold front produced severe weather in Oklahoma and the Texas panhandle. Thunderstorms produced high winds which gusted to 80 mph at White Deer TX, and resulted in one death at Pocasset OK. Thunderstorms produced golf ball size hail at Pampa TX and Lefors TX. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
1990 - Cincinnati jury acquits art gallery of obscenity (Mapplethorpe photos)
1991 - "Good Vibrations" by Marky Mark & the Funky Bunch topped the charts
2001 - Robert Stevens becomes the first victim in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
Births
1703 - Jonathan Edwards, American minister, preacher, theologian, and missionary to Native Americans. Edwards "is widely acknowledged to be America's most important and original philosophical theologian," and one of America's greatest intellectuals. Edwards's theological work is very broad in scope, but he is often associated with his defense of Reformed theology, the metaphysics of theological determinism, and the Puritan heritage. Recent studies have emphasized how thoroughly Edwards grounded his life's work on conceptions of beauty, harmony, and ethical fittingness, and how central The Enlightenment was to his mindset.
Edwards played a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening, and oversaw some of the first fires of revival in 1733–1735 at his church in Northampton, Massachusetts. Edwards's sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God", is considered a classic of early American literature, which he delivered during another wave of revival in 1741, following George Whitefield's tour of the Thirteen Colonies. Edwards is widely known for his many books: The End For Which God Created the World; The Life of David Brainerd, which served to inspire thousands of missionaries throughout the nineteenth century; and Religious Affections, which many Reformed Evangelicals read even today. Edwards died from a smallpox inoculation shortly after beginning the presidency at the College of New Jersey (later to be named Princeton University), and was the grandfather of Aaron Burr. (d. 1758)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)
1804 - Robert Parker Parrott (d 1877) U.S. inventor who developed the rifled cannon known as the Parrott gun, the most formidable cannon of its time. He graduated from West Point Military Academy (1824), and spent 12 years with the Army, gaining ordinance experience. He was the army's inspector of ordinance at the private firm, West Point Foundry at Cold Spring when he retired from the army to become its civilian superintendent (31 Oct 1836) for 41 years. He perfected and manufactured a 10 pounder rifled cannon. It used a projectile with an encircling brass ring that expanded upon firing to fit the rifling grooves of the barrel. He patented both in 1861. Production of 20- and 30-pounder designs followed. During the Civil War years, he developed the Parrott sight and fuze.
1820 - David Wilber, American politician, United States Representative from New York and father of congressman David F. Wilber (1859 - 1928). (d. 1890)
1824 - Henry Chadwick, English-born American baseball writer and statistician (d. 1908)
1829 - Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (d. 1886) On this day in 1829, future President Chester Alan Arthur is born in North Fairfield, Vermont.
The precocious and bright young Arthur wanted to become a lawyer and enrolled in Union College in New York at the age of 15. He later supported himself by teaching school while he earned his law degree. In 1848, he went to work as a lawyer in New York City. During the Civil War he served as quartermaster general for the state of New York, overseeing the purchase of supplies for the state’s military depots. His political career began when Ulysses S. Grant appointed him as port collector for New York’s harbors in 1871. Arthur’s penchant for staffing his office with Republican political cronies resulted in his firing by President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1878. After being chosen as James Garfield’s vice-presidential running mate in 1880, Arthur decided to straighten up his act and denounced the political patronage system. The campaign was successful.
In March 1881, Arthur’s close friend and boss, President James Garfield, was shot by a crazed assassin named Charles Guiteau. Garfield lingered for four months but finally succumbed to his wounds on September 2. The next day, Arthur was sworn in as president, becoming the third person to inhabit the White House in 1881. (Rutherford B. Hayes had turned over the reins of government to Garfield that March.)
According to President Hayes, Arthur’s administration was best known for "liquor, snobbery and worse." Although he had been ambitious as a young man, he was considered a lazy and "foppish" president. Some historians suggest that the lethargy he displayed as president was in fact the result of a debilitating and fatal kidney ailment known as Bright’s disease, compounded by a case of malaria he picked up while vacationing in Florida. Others explained away his frivolous lifestyle as a balm for the heartbreak he experienced over his beloved wife’s unexpected death in 1880.
Arthur served only one term from 1881 to 1885. The following year, he died from complications associated with Bright’s disease.
1833 - William G. Tomer, American Civil War veteran and Methodist hymnwriter. It is to his tune, FAREWELL, that today we sing the hymn, "God Be With You Till We Meet Again."
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/t/o/tomer_wg.htm
1850 - William Hamilton Gibson (d 1896). American illustrator, author, and naturalist. Gibson had sketched flowers and insects when he was only eight years old, had long been interested in botany and entomology, and had acquired great skill in making wax flowers. His first drawings of a technical character were published in 1870. He drew for many periodicals, his most popular works being a long series of nature articles published in Harper's Weekly, Scribner's Monthly, and Century. Gibson was an expert photographer, and his drawings had a nearly photographic and almost microscopic accuracy of detail.
1879 - Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, whose discovery of cancer-inducing viruses earned him a share of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1966. Rous joined the Rockefeller Institute in New York as a pathologist in 1909. The same year, a local farmer brought a chicken with a tumour for testing. Having determined it to be a sarcoma, Rous discovered that it could be "transferred" into a healthy chicken by grafting tumour cells. Surprisingly, injecting cell-free filtrates from the tumour also led to sarcomas in healthy chickens. By 1914, Rous's laboratory had discovered three distinct types of avian sarcomas. Although he did not isolate specific agents, Rous postulated that chicken tumours were due to "filterable agents"-eventually identified as Rous sarcoma virus. (d. 1970)
1882 - Robert Goddard, American professor, physicist and inventor, "father of modern rocketry". From age 17 Goddard was interested in rockets (1899) and by 1908 he conducted static tests with small solid-fuel rockets. He developed mathematical theory of rocket propulsion (1912) and proved that rockets would functioned in a vacuum for space flight (1915). During WW I, Goddard developed rocket weapons. He wrote A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes, in 1919. Over the following two decades he produced a number of large liquid-fuel rockets at his shop and rocket range at Roswell, N.M. During WW II he developed rocket-assisted takeoff of Navy carrier planes and variable-thrust liquid-fuel rocket motors. At the time of his death Goddard held 214 patents in rocketry. (d. 1945)
1892 - Remington Kellogg, American naturalist (d. 1969)
1901 - John Alton, American cinematographer (d. 1996)won an Academy Award for An American in Paris (1951).
1902 - Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur, took over the small-scale McDonald's Corporation franchise in 1954 and built it into the most successful fast food operation in the world. Kroc was included in Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century,[2] and amassed a $500 million fortune during his lifetime.[3] He was also the owner of the San Diego Padres baseball team starting in 1974. (d. 1984)
1903 - Marion King Hubbert (d 1989) geoscientist who worked at the Shell research lab in Houston, Texas. He made several important contributions to geology, geophysics, and petroleum geology, most notably the Hubbert curve and Hubbert peak theory (a basic component of Peak oil), with important political ramifications. He was often referred to as "M. King Hubbert" or "King Hubbert".
1905 - John Hoyt, American film and television actor (d. 1991)
1907 - Elva Ruby Connes Miller (d 1997), who recorded under the name Mrs. Miller, was an American singer who gained some fame in the 1960s for her out-of-tune versions of songs such as "Moon River", "Monday, Monday", "A Lover's Concerto", and "Downtown". She sang in an untrained, Mermanesque, vibrato-laden voice. According to Irving Wallace, David Wallechinsky, and Amy Wallace in The Book of Lists 2, her voice was compared to the sound of "roaches scurrying across a trash can lid."
1913 - Eugene Bennett Fluckey American Navy Submariner, received the Medal of Honor during World War II. (d. 2007)
1916 - Stetson Kennedy , Jacksonville, Florida, author and human rights activist from Florida. Kennedy is also known as a pioneering folklorist, a labor activist, and environmentalist. He is the author of the books After Appomattox, Palmetto Country, Southern Exposure, The Jim Crow Guide, and The Klan Unmasked. He is co-author, with Peggy A. Bulger and Tina Bucuvalas, of South Florida Folklife
1917 - Allen Ludden, American television game show host, perhaps most well-known for hosting various incarnations of the game show Password between 1961 and 1980. (d. 1981)
1922 - Bil Keane, American cartoonist, best known for his work on the long-running newspaper comic The Family Circus, which began its run in 1960 and continues in syndication.
1923 - Philip Berrigan, American peace activist (d. 2002)
1924 - Bob Thaves, American cartoonist Frank and Ernest (comic strip) (d. 2006)
1929 - Richard F. Gordon, Jr., American astronaut
1935 - Arlene Saunders, Cleveland, American soprano. After making her operatic debut as Rosalinde von Eisenstein, in Die Fledermaus, with the National Opera Company in 1958, she made her first appearance with the New York City Opera in 1961, as Giorgetta in Il tabarro (conducted by Julius Rudel). With that company, she soon sang in Carmen (as Micaëla), La bohème (as Mimì), Louise (opposite Norman Treigle as the Père), Die lustige Witwe and Don Giovanni (as Donna Elvira).
1936 - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic
1937 - Barry Switzer, American football coach
1938 - Teresa Heinz Kerry, American philanthropist
1942 - Richard Street, American singer (The Temptations)
1943 - Ben Cardin, American politician, junior senator of Maryland
1949 - Bill James, American baseball writer
1958 - Neil DeGrasse Tyson, American Astrophysicist
1960 - Daniel Baldwin, American actor
Deaths
1813 - Tecumseh, Shawnee leader (b. 1768) Shawnee Indian Chief Tecumseh was defeated and killed during the War of 1812. Regarded as one of the greatest American Indians, he was a powerful orator who defended his people against white settlement. When the War of 1812 broke out, he joined the British as a brigadier general and was killed at the Battle of the Thames in Ontario.
1940 – Ballington Booth, Salvation Army Officer and co-founder of Volunteers of America (b. 1857)
1940 - Lincoln Loy McCandless (b 1859) American cattle rancher, industrialist and politician from Hawaii. McCandless served in the United States Congress as a territorial delegate. A former member of the Hawaii Republican Party, McCandless was one of the earliest leaders of the Hawaii Democratic Party.
1941 - Louis Dembitz Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1856)
1954 - Alfred Marston Tozzer (b 1877) U.S. anthropologist and archaeologist who was an authority on the culture and language of the Maya Indians of Mexico and Central America. He conducted his initial anthropological fieldwork in California and New Mexico among the Wintun and Navajo nations during his undergraduate summers in 1900 and 1901, focusing on linguistics. He led (1909-10) an expedition to Guatemala, finding ruins at Holmul. His most important works on the Maya include Maya Grammar (1921) and Chichen Itza and its Center of Sacrifice (1957), a major synthesis of American prehistory. He earned his undergraduate and graduate degrees from Harvard, where he taught for over 40 years (1905-47).
1960 - Alfred Louis Kroeber (b 1876) influential American anthropologist of the first half of the 20th century, whose primary concern was to understand the nature of culture and its processes. He graduated from Columbia University in 1896, and received a Ph.D. under Franz Boas there in 1901, then moved west to found the anthropology department at the University of California at Berkeley where he remained until 1946. His chief scholarly interest was California Indians. He developed the concept of cultures as patterned wholes, each with its own style, and each undergoing a growth process analogous to that of a biological organism. Kroeber also made valuable contributions to the archaeology of New Mexico, Mexico, and Peru.
1969 - Harry Emerson Fosdick, 91, pastored Riverside Church in New York City 1926-46, and authored the enduring hymn, "God of Grace and God of Glory."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Emerson_Fosdick
1983 - Earl Silas Tupper (b 1907) was the inventor of Tupperware, an airtight plastic container for storing food. From working at DuPont (1937-38), he gained experience in plastics design and struck out on his own. In the '40s, plastic products had a reputation for being brittle, greasy, smelly and generally unreliable. Tupper's contributions were twofold. First, he developed a method for purifying black polyethylene slag, a waste product produced in oil refinement, into a substance that was flexible, tough, non-porous, non-greasy and translucent. Second, he developed the Tupper seal, an airtight, watertight lid modeled on the lid for paint containers. Together, these innovations laid the foundations for the future success of Tupperware. His company had great success by marketing through Brownie Wise's idea of Tupperware parties.
1986 - Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (Casablanca) (b. 1898)
1992 - Eddie Kendricks, American singer (The Temptations) (b. 1939)
1996 - Seymour Cray, American computer pioneer, who pioneered the use of transistors in computers and later developed massive supercomputers to run business and government information networks. (b. 1925)
2001 - Mike Mansfield, American Democratic politician, longest-serving Majority Leader of the United States Senate, serving from 1961 to 1977. He also served as United States Ambassador to Japan for over ten years. Born in New York City to Irish Catholic immigrants, he was raised in Montana, where he graduated from the University of Montana in Missoula (then called Montana State University). Mansfield represented the state of Montana throughout his political career. (b. 1903)
2003 - Timothy Treadwell, American bear enthusiast featured in Grizzly Man (b. 1957)
2004 - Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian (b. 1921)
2004 - William H. Dobelle, American biomedical engineer, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine nominee (b. 1941)
Christian Feast Day
Faustyna Kowalska
Blessed Francis Xavier Seelos (Roman Catholic Church)
Thraseas
Hor and Susia (Coptic Church)
Placid and Maurus
Placidus (martyr)
October 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyr Charitina of Amisus (304)
Saints Peter (1326), Alexis (1378), Jonah (1461), Macarius (1563), Philip (1569), and Hermogenes (1612), metropolitans of Moscow and Wonderworkers of all Russia
Martyr Mamelta (Mamelchtha) Persia (344)
Hieromartyr Dionysius of Alexandria, bishop (265)
Saints Damian the Healer (1071); and Saints Jeremiah (1070) and Matthew (1085), clairvoyants, of the Kiev Caves
Saint John (Mavropos), metropolitan of Euchaita (1100)
Saint Charitina of Lithuania, princess (1281)
Saint Cosmas of Bithynia (10th century)
Saint Gregory (Grigol), archimandrite of Khandzta in the Klarjeti desert, Georgia (861)
St. Sabbas the fool-for-Christ, of Vatopedi monastery, Mt. Athos (1350)
St. Varlaam, desert-dweller of Chikoysk (1846)
Saint Methodia of Cimola (1908)
St. Seraphim (Amelin), schema-archimandrite of Glinsk Hermitage (1958)
New Hiero-confessor Gabriel, archimandrite in Melekess (Saratov) (1959)
Other commemorations
Repose of Nun Agnia (Countess Anna Orlova-Chesmenskaya) (1848)
Uncovering of the relics (1841) of St. Eudocimus the Unknown, monk of Vatopedi monastery, Mt. Athos
Uncovering of the relics (1985) of New Hiero-confessor Basil (Preobrazhensky), bishop of Kineshma (1945)
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akaCG
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/first-presidential-speech-on-tv
www.amug.org/~jpaul/oct05.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.todayinsci.com/10/10_05.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_5
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_5_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.cyberhymnal.org/index.htm#lk
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih1005.htm