Post by farmgal on Sept 25, 2012 22:08:07 GMT -5
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0927.htm
September 27th is the 271st day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 95 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 40
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1066 William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme River, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror
The meeting of Martin Luther (right) and Cardinal Cajetan (left, before the book).
1518 Martin Luther started for Augsburg to meet with Thomas Cardinal Cajetan (1469–1534).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther#Breach_with_the_papacy
1540 - Jesuit order established. In Rome, the Society of Jesus--a Roman Catholic missionary organization--receives its charter from Pope Paul III. The Jesuit order played an important role in the Counter-Reformation and eventually succeeded in converting millions around the world to Catholicism.
The Jesuit movement was founded by Ignatius de Loyola, a Spanish soldier turned priest, in August 1534. The first Jesuits--Ignatius and six of his students--took vows of poverty and chastity and made plans to work for the conversion of Muslims. If travel to the Holy Land was not possible, they vowed to offer themselves to the pope for apostolic work. Unable to travel to Jerusalem because of the Turkish wars, they went to Rome instead to meet with the pope and request permission to form a new religious order. In September 1540, Pope Paul III approved Ignatius' outline of the Society of Jesus, and the Jesuit order was born.
Under Ignatius' charismatic leadership, the Society of Jesus grew quickly. Jesuit missionaries played a leading role in the Counter-Reformation and won back many of the European faithful who had been lost to Protestantism. In Ignatius' lifetime, Jesuits were also dispatched to India, Brazil, the Congo region, and Ethiopia. Education was of utmost importance to the Jesuits, and in Rome Ignatius founded the Roman College (later called the Gregorian University) and the Germanicum, a school for German priests. The Jesuits also ran several charitable organizations, such as one for former prostitutes and one for converted Jews. When Ignatius de Loyola died in July 1556, there were more than 1,000 Jesuit priests.
During the next century, the Jesuits set up ministries around the globe. The "Black-Robes," as they were known in Native America, often preceded other Europeans in their infiltration of foreign lands and societies. The life of a Jesuit was one of immense risk, and thousands of priests were persecuted or killed by foreign authorities hostile to their mission of conversion. However, in some nations, such as India and China, the Jesuits were welcomed as men of wisdom and science.
With the rise of nationalism in the 18th century, most European countries suppressed the Jesuits, and in 1773 Pope Clement XIV dissolved the order under pressure from the Bourbon monarchs. However, in 1814, Pope Pius VII gave in to popular demand and reestablished the Jesuits as an order, and they continue their missionary work to this day. Ignatius de Loyola was canonized a Catholic saint in 1622.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus
1777 - Lancaster, Pennsylvania is the capital of the United States, for one day.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania#History
1779 - John Adams appointed to negotiate peace terms with British. On this day in 1779, the Continental Congress appoints John Adams to travel to France as minister plenipotentiary in charge of negotiating treaties of peace and commerce with Great Britain during the Revolutionary War.
Adams had traveled to Paris in 1778 to negotiate an alliance with France, but had been unceremoniously dismissed when Congress chose Benjamin Franklin as sole commissioner. Soon after returning to Massachusetts in mid-1779, Adams was elected as a delegate to the state convention to draw up a new constitution; he was involved in these duties when he learned of his new diplomatic commission. Accompanied by his young sons John Quincy and Charles, Adams sailed for Europe that November aboard the French ship Sensible, which sprang a leak early in the voyage and missed its original destination (Brest), instead landing at El Ferrol, in northwestern Spain. After an arduous journey by mule train across the Pyrenees and into France, Adams and his group reached Paris in early February 1780.
While in Paris, Adams wrote to Congress almost daily (sometimes several letters a day) sharing news about British politics, British and French naval activities and his general perspective on European affairs. Conditions were unfavorable for peace at the time, as the war was going badly for the Continental Army, and the blunt and sometimes confrontational Adams clashed with the French government, especially the powerful Foreign Minister Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes. In mid-June, Adams began a correspondence with Vergennes in which he pushed for French naval assistance, antagonizing both Vergennes and Franklin, who brought the matter to the attention of Congress.
By that time, Adams had departed France for Holland, where he was attempting to negotiate a loan from the Dutch. Before the end of the year, he was named American minister to the Netherlands, replacing Henry Laurens, who was captured at sea by the British. In June 1781, capitulating to pressure from Vergennes and other French diplomats, Congress acted to revoke Adams' sole powers as peacemaker with Britain, appointing Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay and Laurens to negotiate alongside him.
The tide of the war was turning in America's favor, and Adams returned to Paris in October 1782 to take up his part in the peace negotiations. As Jefferson didn't travel to Europe and Laurens was in failing health after his release from the Tower of London, it was left to Adams, Jay and Franklin to represent American interests. Adams and Jay both distrusted the French government (in contrast with Franklin), but their differences of opinion and diplomatic styles allowed the team to negotiate favorable terms in the Peace of Paris (1783). The following year, Jefferson arrived to take Adams' place as American minister to France, forming a lifelong bond with Adams and his family before the latter left to take up his new post as American ambassador to London and continue his distinguished record of foreign service on behalf of the new nation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)
1779 - John Jay is appointed minister to Spain. On this day in 1779, the former president of the Continental Congress, John Jay, is appointed minister to Spain and tasked with winning Spanish support for the American Revolution and Spain’s recognition of America’s independence.
For more than two years, Jay negotiated for Spanish support of the American cause but was only successful in getting occasional loans and a supply of war materials. His inability to gain recognition of American independence was the result of Spain’s fear that the revolution might spread to Spanish-controlled colonies in the Americas.
Jay, who graduated from King's College, now Columbia University, at the age of 19, was a prominent figure in New York state politics from an early age. While he opposed British interference in the colonies, Jay was initially against complete independence from Great Britain. He was elected to the First Continental Congress in 1774 as a representative from New York; it was during this term that he published "Address to the People of Great Britain," in which he promoted a peaceful resolution with Great Britain instead of independence. Jay was reelected to the Second Continental Congress in 1775 but resigned in 1776 rather than sign the Declaration of Independence.
Jay then returned to New York where he helped draft the state’s constitution before being elected the first chief justice of New York in 1777. After serving as president of the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779, he was appointed minister to Spain. Upon his return to the United States, Jay went on to become the first chief justice of the United States in 1789 and, six years later, governor of New York state.
bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000065
1785 - The Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S. was founded on this date, following the American Revolutionary War, when U.S. Anglicans met in Philadelphia to create a denomination independent from and autonomous of the Church of England.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Episcopal_Church
www.newadvent.org/cathen/12493a.htm
1787 - Constitution submitted to the states for ratification. After debating for two days on whether to censure members of the Constitutional Convention for going beyond their authority in creating a new form of government, the U.S. Congress set in motion the ratification process for the new U.S. Constitution. Congress ordered that copies of the document be sent to the states and directed each state legislature to call a convention to vote on ratification.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution
1816 - A black frost over most of New England kills unripened corn in the north resulting in a year of famine. (David Ludlum)
1864 - Unarmed Yankees are massacred in Centralia. A guerilla band led by William "Bloody Bill" Anderson sacks the town of Centralia, Missouri, killing 22 unarmed Union soldiers before massacring 120 pursuing Yankees.
The Civil War in Missouri and Kansas was rarely fought between regular armies in the field. It was carried out primarily by partisan bands of guerilla fighters, and the atrocities were nearly unmatched. In 1863, Confederate marauders sacked Lawrence, Kansas, and killed 250 residents.
In 1864, partisan activity increased in anticipation of Confederate General Sterling Price's invasion of the state. On the evening of September 26, a band of 200 Confederate marauders gathered near the town of Centralia, Missouri. The next morning, Anderson led 30 guerillas into Centralia and began looting the tiny community and terrorizing the residents. Unionist congressmen William Rollins escaped execution only by giving a false name and hiding in a nearby hotel.
Meanwhile, a train from St. Louis was just pulling into the station. The engineer, who spotted Anderson's men destroying the town, tried to apply steam to keep the train moving. However, the brakeman, unaware of the raid, applied the brakes and brought the train to a halt. The guerillas took 150 prisoners from the train, which included 23 Union soldiers, and then set it on fire and opened its throttle; the flaming train sped away from the town. The soldiers were stripped and Anderson's men began firing on them, killing all but one within a few minutes. The surviving Yankee soldier was spared in exchange for a member of Anderson's company who had recently been captured.
That afternoon, a Union detachment commanded by Major A. V. E. Johnston arrived in Centralia to find the bushwhackers had already vacated the town. Johnston left some troops to hold the tiny burgh, and then headed in the direction of Anderson's band. Little did he know he was riding right into a perfect trap: Johnston's men followed Rebel pickets into an open field, and the Southern partisans attacked from three sides. Johnston and his entire command were quickly annihilated. Anderson's men scalped and mutilated many of the bodies before moving back into Centralia and killing the remaining Federal soldiers. In all, the bushwhackers killed some 140 Yankee troops.
A month later, Anderson was killed attempting a similar attack near Albany, Missouri.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_%22Bloody_Bill%22_Anderson
1869 - Sheriff Wild Bill Hickok proves too wild for Kansas. Just after midnight on this day in 1869, Ellis County Sheriff Wild Bill Hickok and his deputy respond to a report that a local ruffian named Samuel Strawhun and several drunken buddies were tearing up John Bitter's Beer Saloon in Hays City, Kansas. When Hickok arrived and ordered the men to stop, Strawhun turned to attack him, and Hickok shot him in the head. Strawhun died instantly, as did the riot.
Such were Wild Bill's less-than-restrained law enforcement methods. Famous for his skill with a pistol and steely-calm under fire, James Butler Hickok initially seemed to be the ideal man for the sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas. The good citizens of Hays City, the county seat, were tired of the wild brawls and destructiveness of the hard-drinking buffalo hunters and soldiers who took over their town every night. They hoped the famous "Wild Bill" could restore peace and order, and in the late summer of 1869, elected him as interim county sheriff.
Tall, athletic, and sporting shoulder-length hair and a sweeping mustache, Hickok cut an impressive figure, and his reputation as a deadly shot with either hand was often all it took to keep many potential lawbreakers on the straight and narrow. As one visiting cowboy later recalled, Hickok would stand "with his back to the wall, looking at everything and everybody under his eyebrows--just like a mad old bull." But when Hickok applied more aggressive methods of enforcing the peace, some Hays City citizens wondered if their new cure wasn't worse than the disease. Shortly after becoming sheriff, Hickok shot a belligerent soldier who resisted arrest, and the man died the next day. A few weeks later Hickok killed Strawhun. While his brutal ways were indisputably effective, many Hays City citizens were less than impressed that after only five weeks in office he had already found it necessary to kill two men in the name of preserving peace.
During the regular November election later that year, the people expressed their displeasure, and Hickok lost to his deputy, 144-89. Though Wild Bill Hickok would later go on to hold other law enforcement positions in the West, his first attempt at being a sheriff had lasted only three months.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok
1903 - Wreck of the Old 97, a train crash made famous by the song of the same name.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreck_of_the_Old_97
1905 - The physics journal Annalen der Physik published Albert Einstein's paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", introducing the equation E=mc².
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#1905_-_Annus_Mirabilis_papers
1908 - The first production of the Ford Model T automobile was built at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T
1910 - A U.S. patent for the Production of Ammonia was issued to Fritz Haber and Robert Le Rossignol (No. 971,501). This process could produce ammonia on a large scale directly from its component gases, hydrogen and nitrogen, by passing a mixture of them over heated finely-divided osmium metal used as a catalyst. A typical pressure of 175 atmospheres and a temperature of 550ºC could easily give an 8% by volume yield of ammonia. Although nitrogen makes up 80% of the air, as a gas it is quite unreactive. Despite its ready availability, nitrogen gas had previously been difficult to combine in a chemical form. Once nitrogen has been chemically combined in the form of ammonia, many other nitrogen compounds can be made
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber
1919 - The Executive Committee of the National Democratic Committee, anticipating the ratification of the constitutional amendment permitting women to vote, decided on September 27th, to admit women to membership.
1854 - The steamship SS Arctic sinks with 300 people on board. This marks the first great disaster in the Atlantic Ocean.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Arctic
1892 - Book matches were patented by Joshua Pusey of Lima, Ohio, No. 483165. He subseqerntly sold the patent rights to the Diamond Match Company of Barberton, Ohio. The Diamond Match Company was formulated as a conglomerate and built by absorbing a number of smaller match manufacturing companies. They were also the first company involved in book match making of any significance. In 1895, production exceeded 150,000 matchbooks a day. Diamond's objective was to produce a quality matchbook for sale to the public (not given freely as was traditional fifty years later). The first Diamond matchbooks assembled were a dangerous and flimsy novelty, but they were improved. Later, they were sold to companies and carried their advertising.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchbook
1922 - Scientists at the Naval Aircraft Radio Laboratory near Washington, D.C., demonstrated that if a ship passed through a radio wave being broadcast between two stations, that ship could be detected, the essentials of radar.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radar
1923 - Lou Gehrig's first homer. Signed in June for a $1,500 bonus, and recently brought up from Hartford (Eastern League), Lou Gehrig hits the first of his 493 home runs. It comes off Bill Piercy at Fenway Park in an 8-3 New York win.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig
1925 Valparaiso University opened as a Lutheran educational institution.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso_University
1930 - Bobby Jones wins U.S. Amateur title. On this day in 1930, golfer Bobby Jones wins his fourth major tournament of the year, making him the first person ever to win the "Grand Slam" of golf. Jones beat Gene Homans in match play format, 8 and 7, meaning he was eight holes ahead with just seven holes left to play.
Bobby Jones, a native of Atlanta, Georgia, had the picture-perfect swing of every golfer’s dreams, despite never having taken a lesson. While still a child, Jones modeled his swing after that of Stewart Maiden, a Scottish golfer who was the golf professional at the Atlanta Club. It worked: Jones was said to have shot a 70 for 18 holes by the age of 12. At 14, he won his first of five U.S. Amateur Championships at the Merion Cricket Club in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, where, 14 years later, he would win the Grand Slam, his greatest triumph.
Jones’ 1930 Grand Slam--which consisted of victories in the U.S. Open, British Open, U.S. Amateur and British Amateur in the same year--was the first in golf history. The four events took place over a five-month period, with the U.S. Amateur coming last. In the U.S. Amateur final, Jones played Gene Homans in head-to-head match play format. From the outset Jones showed himself to be the better golfer, winning the first hole played, three of the first four holes, and taking an early eight-hole lead. On what would be the final hole, Jones landed a long putt near the edge of the cup with his famous rusty putter, which he called Calamity Jane. With only a slight tap needed for Jones to place the ball into the hole, Homans had to hole his final putt to stay in the match. With most of the 18,000 fans at the tournament silently surrounding the green and standing in the adjoining fairway, Homans rushed the putt and missed, then walked toward Jones to shake his hand, acknowledging defeat. Understanding the significance of the historic moment, the crowd rushed toward Jones--it took a squadron of Marines to lead Jones and Homans to safety.
Jones retired from golf at the age of 29, shortly after winning the Grand Slam. Over the course of his career, he won four U.S. Opens, five U.S. Amateurs, three British Opens and one British Amateur. His total of 15 major tournaments wasn’t surpassed until Jack Nicklaus won his 16th major in 1980.
In 1934, Jones founded the Augusta National Golf Club, and that same year was among the founders of a new tournament called The Masters. As amateur play became less common, the Masters replaced the U.S. Amateur in the Grand Slam. Today, a Grand Slam consists of winning the Masters, the U.S. Open, the British Open and the PGA Championship.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(golfer)
1931 - Lou Gehrig completes his 6th straight season, playing in every game.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig
1933 - "Waltz Time" debuted on NBC Radio. It remained on the network until 1948
1937 - First Santa Claus school opens. Albion, NY resident Charlie Howard established a world famous Santa Claus School at his Albion farmhouse, the first school of its kind. He was considered the Dean of the Santa Claus School with a worldwide reputation for turning out top-notch St. Nicks.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_W._Howard
1938 - "Thanks for the Memory" was heard for the first time on "The Bob Hope Show" Hope first appeared on the radio show "The Intimate Revue" in 1935. He made two other brief radio appearances between 1935 and 1937, before starting "The Pepsodent Show" on September 27, 1938. The show was a huge success, attracting regular guest stars such as Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, and Bing Crosby. Hope's theme, "Thanks for the Memory," was heard for the first time on the NBC Red radio network.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanks_for_the_Memory
1938 - Franklin Roosevelt appeals to Hitler for peace. On this day in 1938, President Franklin Roosevelt writes to German Chancellor Adolf Hitler regarding the threat of war in Europe. The German chancellor had been threatening to invade the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia and, in the letter, his second to Hitler in as many days, Roosevelt reiterated the need to find a peaceful resolution to the issue.
The previous day, FDR had written to Hitler with an appeal to negotiate with Czechoslovakia regarding Germany’s desire for the natural and industrial resources of the Sudetenland rather than resort to force. Hitler responded that Germany was entitled to the area because of the "shameful" way in which the Treaty of Versailles, which had ended World War I, had made Germany a "pariah" in the community of nations. The treaty had given the Sudetenland, a territory that was believed by Hitler and many of his supporters to be inherently German, to the state of Czechoslovakia. Therefore, Hitler reasoned, German invasion of the Sudetenland was justified, as annexation by Germany would simply mean returning the area to its cultural and historical roots. Hitler assured Roosevelt that he also desired to avoid another large-scale war in Europe.
In his letter of September 27, Roosevelt expressed relief at Hitler’s assurances but re-emphasized his desire that "negotiations [between Germany and Czechoslovakia] be continued until a peaceful settlement is found." FDR also suggested that a conference of all nations concerned with the current conflict be convened as soon as possible. He appealed to Hitler’s ego, saying "should you agree to a solution in this peaceful manner I am convinced that hundreds of millions throughout the world would recognize your action as an outstanding historic service to all humanity." FDR then assured Hitler that the U.S. would remain neutral regarding European politics, but that America recognized a responsibility to be involved "as part of a world of neighbors."
In the end, Hitler ignored the international community’s pleas for a peaceful solution and invaded Czechoslovakia in March 1939. The invasion was just the first in Hitler’s quest to control Europe and create a "Third Reich" of German geopolitical supremacy.
1938 - Clarinet virtuoso Artie Shaw recorded the song that would become his theme song. The long series of musical groups Shaw formed included such talents as Helen Forrest, Mel Torm, Ray Conniff, Buddy Rich, Dave Tough, Barney Kessel and Tal Farlow. He chose the bluesy "Nightmare" for his personal theme, rather than more approachable songs. He openly insulted the fans who continually demanded he play his old standards as "morons" and executives in the music business as "thieves."
1939 - Poland surrenders On this day in 1939, 140,000 Polish troops are taken prisoner by the German invaders as Warsaw surrenders to the superior mechanized forces of Hitler's army. The Poles fought bravely, but were able to hold on for only 26 days.
On the heels of its victory, the Germans began a systematic program of terror, murder, and cruelty, executing members of Poland's middle and upper classes: Doctors, teachers, priests, landowners, and businessmen were rounded up and killed. The Nazis had given this operation the benign-sounding name "Extraordinary Pacification Action." The Roman Catholic Church, too, was targeted, because it was a possible source of dissent and counterinsurgency. In one west Poland church diocese alone, 214 priests were shot. And hundreds of thousands more Poles were driven from their homes and relocated east, as Germans settled in the vacated areas.
This was all part of a Hitler master plan. Back in August, Hitler warned his own officers that he was preparing Poland for that "which would not be to the taste of German generals"--including the rounding up of Polish Jews into ghettos, a prelude to their liquidation. All roads were pointing to Auschwitz.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland
1940 - The Tripartite Pact is signed by Germany, Italy, and Japan. On this day in 1940, the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in Berlin. The Pact provided for mutual assistance should any of the signatories suffer attack by any nation not already involved in the war. This formalizing of the alliance was aimed directly at "neutral" America--designed to force the United States to think twice before venturing in on the side of the Allies.
The Pact also recognized the two spheres of influence. Japan acknowledged "the leadership of Germany and Italy in the establishment of a new order in Europe," while Japan was granted lordship over "Greater East Asia."
A footnote: There was a fourth signatory to the Pact-Hungary, which was dragged into the Axis alliance by Germany in November 1940.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite_Pact
1941 - First WW II liberty ship, freighter Patrick Henry, launched. The SS Patrick Henry was the first Liberty ship launched. The ships initially had a poor public image and to try to assuage public opinion, September 27, 1941 was designated "Liberty Fleet Day," and the first 14 "Emergency" vessels were launched that day. The first of these (with hull number 14) was Patrick Henry, launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland.
1942 - Glenn Miller and his orchestra performed together for the last time before Miller's entry into the Army.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Miller
1942 - Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escape after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actions_along_the_Matanikau
1944 - The Kassel Mission results in the largest loss by a USAAF group on any mission in World War II.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassel_in_World_War_II
1948 The Family Worship Hour, a ministry of the Lutheran Laymen’s League, was first broadcast over eleven stations.
lhmlonestar.org/default.aspx
1950 - Heavyweight champ Ezzard Charles defeats Joe Louis. American world heavyweight boxing champion from September 27, 1950, when he outpointed Joe Louis in 15 rounds in New York City, to July 18, 1951, when he was knocked out by Jersey Joe Walcott in 7 rounds in Pittsburgh.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezzard_Charles
1952 - "I Went to Your Wedding" by Patti Page topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Went_to_Your_Wedding
1954 - School integration begins in Washington DC & Baltimore Md public schools.
1954 - Steve Allen's "Tonight Show" premiers
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Allen#The_Tonight_Show
1956 – USAF Captain Milburn G. Apt becomes the first man to exceed Mach 3 while flying the Bell X-2. Shortly thereafter, the craft goes out of control and Captain Apt is killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milburn_G._Apt
1957 - The dramatic anthology series "Crossroads" aired for the last time over ABC television. Depicting the work of various clergymen, the series had premiered in October 1955.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroads_(1955_TV_series)
1958 - "Volare" by Domenico Modugno topped the charts
1959 - A tornado 440 yards in width traveled twenty miles from near Hollow, OK, to western Cherokee County KS. Although a strong tornado, it was very slow moving, and gave a tremendous warning roar, and as a result no one was killed. (The Weather Channel)
1959 - Khrushchev ends trip to the United States. Nikita Khrushchev ends his dramatic and eventful visit to the United States and returns to the Soviet Union. For nearly two weeks, his trip dominated the news in America and around the world.
Khrushchev arrived in the United States on September 15. His plan was to tour America and conclude his trip nearly two weeks later with a summit meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Hopes were high that the visit marked a turning point in the Cold War and that perhaps the Soviet leader's oft-proclaimed desire for "peaceful coexistence" with the United States would become a reality. Before official business began, however, Khrushchev--the first Soviet head of state to visit the United States--took the opportunity to tour parts of America. At the top of his list was a visit to Hollywood. His trip to the land of make-believe took a bizarre turn, however, as he engaged in a verbal sparring match with the head of Twentieth Century Fox Studio. Khrushchev, displaying his famous temper, threatened to return home after the studio chief made some ill-chosen remarks about U.S.-Soviet competition. Khrushchev's outburst was nothing compared to the tantrum he threw when he learned he could not visit Disneyland because of security concerns. Returning to Washington, the Soviet leader began two days of talks with Eisenhower on a number of issues. Although no specific agreements were reached, both leaders resolved to continue their discussions in the future and keep the lines of communication open.
On September 27, Khrushchev concluded his visit. He met briefly to exchange goodbyes with Eisenhower and then was escorted to the airport by Vice President Richard Nixon. A few months earlier, at the American National Exhibition in Moscow, Nixon and Khrushchev had engaged in the famous "kitchen debate" concerning the battle between communism and capitalism. Now, however, the two men were exhibited great goodwill toward each other. With a 21-gun salute and a U.S. military band playing both the American and Soviet national anthems, Khrushchev boarded a Russian aircraft and returned to the Soviet Union.
1963 - At 10:59 AM the census clock, records US population at 190,000,000
1964 - Warren Commission released, finding Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.
1967 - Phillies Jim Bunning ties NL record of 5, 1-0 losses in a year
1967 - Antiwar sentiment increases. An advertisement headed "A Call To Resist Illegitimate Authority," signed by over 320 influential people (professors, writers, ministers, and other professional people), appears in the New Republic and the New York Review of Books, asking for funds to help youths resist the draft.
In Washington, Senator Thurston B. Morton (Republican from Kentucky), told reporters that President Johnson had been "brainwashed" by the "military-industrial complex" into believing a military victory could be achieved in Vietnam. Johnson felt the sting of such criticism and he was also frustrated by contradictory advice from his advisors. Still, he thought that slow and steady progress was being made in Vietnam based on optimistic reports coming out of the U.S. military headquarters in Saigon. General Westmoreland, Commander of U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam, reported that U.S. operations were keeping the Viet Cong off balance and inflicting heavy losses. Still, the home front was crumbling as Johnson came under increasingly personal attacks for his handling of the war. The situation would reach a critical state when the communists launched a major surprise attack on January 31 during the 1968 Tet holiday, the traditional Vietnamese holiday celebrating the lunar new year.
1968 - Cardinal's super pitcher Bob Gibson's 13th shutout of the year
1969 - "Sugar, Sugar" by the Archies topped the charts
1969 - Thieu comments on Nixon's Vietnamization policyPresident Nguyen Van Thieu says his government entertains no "ambition or pretense" to take over all fighting by the end of 1970, but given proper support South Vietnamese troops could replace the "bulk" of U.S. troops that year. Thieu said his agreement on any further U.S. troops withdrawals would hinge on whether his requests for equipment and funds for ARVN forces were granted. These comments were in response to President Nixon's continued emphasis on "Vietnamizing" the war so that U.S. forces could be withdrawn.
1970 - Afternoon highs of 103 degrees at Long Beach, CA, and 105 degrees at the Los Angeles Civic Center were the hottest since September records were established in 1963. Fierce Santa Ana winds accompanying the extreme heat resulted in destructive fires. (The Weather Channel)
1975 - "I'm Sorry" by John Denver topped the charts
1979 - Congress' final approval to create Department of Education.
1985 - A record early season snowstorm struck the Central High Plains Region. The storm left up to nineteen inches of snow along the Colorado Front Range, and as much as a foot of snow in the High Plains Region. (Storm Data)
1985 - Hurricane Gloria's 130 MPH wind hits the Atlantic coast. Gloria first passed over Cape Hatteras, North Carolina on September 27 as a category 3 storm. Moving at more than 30 mph, it made landfall again over southern Long Island, New York as a category 2 storm. Economic losses were estimated at $900 million.
1987 - While those at the base of Mount Washington, NH, enjoyed sunny skies and temperatures in the 70s, the top of the mountain was blanketed with 4.7 inches of snow, along with wind gusts to 99 mph, and a temperature of 13 degrees. Severe thunderstorms developed along a cold front in the south central U.S. A thunderstorm west of Noodle TX produced golf ball size hail and wind gusts to 70 mph. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - Thunderstorms developing ahead of a cold front produced large hail in southeastern Wyoming during the afternoon, with tennis ball size hail reported at Cheyenne. Strong winds ushering the cold air into the north central U.S. gusted to 59 mph at Lander WY. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - Lab tests reportedly show Shroud of Turin not Christ`s burial cloth.
1989 - Freezing temperatures were reported in the Great Lakes Region and the Ohio Valley. Houghton Lake MI reported a record low of 21 degrees. Thunderstorms in the western U.S. produced wind gusts to 50 mph at Salt Lake City UT, and gusts to 58 mph at Cody WY.(The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 - Sony purchases Columbia Pictures for $3.4 billion cash.
1989 The first two people to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel and live to tell about it.
1995 - The government unveiled its redesigned $100 bill
1996 - The Julie N. tanker skip crashes into the Million Dollar Bridge in Portland, Maine spilling thousands of gallons of oil.
1998 - Google is founded.
1999 - Tiger Stadium closed after 87 years, with Detroit beating the Kansas City Royals 8-2
1999 - Placido Domingo breaks Caruso’s opening-night record at the Metropolitan Opera. On September 27, 1999, operatic tenor Placido Domingo makes his 18th opening-night appearance at the Metropolitan Opera House, breaking an "unbreakable" record previously held by the great Enrico Caruso.
Caruso, of course, was the biggest star the world of opera had ever seen. Following his New York debut with the Metropolitan Opera in 1903, he made opening-night appearances at the Met in 16 of the next 17 years. With his death in 1921, Caruso’s streak stopped at 17—a mark that no other singer even remotely approached for the next 60 years. The Italian bass-baritone Ezio Pinza was the closest challenger to Caruso before Placido Domingo came along, but even Pinza failed to reach double digits, topping out at nine opening nights with the Met over the course of his 22-year career. Even Domingo never thought that Caruso’s record would be broken, much less that he would be the one to break it. "But when I was in my 11th or 12th opening night," he recalled during an interview before his record-setting performance, "somebody asked me, 'Do you realize how close you are to the number of times Caruso opened the Met season?' What can I tell you? I started to think maybe I can do it.''
As a contemporary of the great Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo never enjoyed undisputed status as the greatest tenor of his time. But his far superior stamina and his broader repertoire made him the go-to choice for opening nights at the Met, of which Pavarotti sang only seven. Domingo sang his first opening with the Met in 1971, in Verdi’s Don Carlo, and over the years he sang opening-night parts as diverse as the title role in Verdi’s Otello and Sigmund in Wagner’s Die Walkurie. When he sang at his record-setting 18th opening night on this day in 1999, Domingo did so, appropriately enough, as Canio in Ruggero Leoncavallo’s Pagliacci—a role most closely associated the man whose record he surpassed, Enrico Caruso.
Births
1643 - Solomon Stoddard, (d 1728 or 1729) the American colonial minister who succeeded Rev. Eleazer Mather as pastor at Northampton, Massachusetts, where he died, after Mather's death. Stoddard significantly liberalized church policy while promoting more power for the clergy, decrying drinking and extravagance, and urging the preaching of hellfire and the Judgment.
1722 - Samuel Adams revolutionary rabble rouser/(Lt Gov-Mass, 1789-94)
1772 - Martha Jefferson Randolph, daughter of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1836)
1803 - Samuel Francis du Pont, American admiral (d. 1865)
1805 - George Müller (German - born as : Johann Georg Ferdinand Müller) (d 1898), a Christian evangelist and Director of the Ashley Down orphanage in Bristol, England, cared for 10,024 orphans in his life. He was well-known for providing an education to the children under his care, to the point where he was accused of raising the poor above their natural station in life. He also established 117 schools which offered Christian education to over 120,000 children, many of them being orphans.
1817 - Hiram R Revels Fayetteville NC, 1st black US senator
1824 - William "Bull" Nelson, American Civil War general (d. 1862)
1824 - Benjamin Apthorp Gould (d 1896) American astronomer whose star catalogs helped fix the list of constellations of the Southern Hemisphere Gould's early work was done in Germany, observating the motion of comets and asteroids. In 1861 undertook the enormous task of preparing for publication the records of astronomical observations made at the US Naval Observatory since 1850. But Gould's greatest work was his mapping of the stars of the southern skies, begun in 1870. The four-year endeavor involved the use of the recently developed photometric method, and upon the publication of its results in 1879 it was received as a signicant contribution to science. He was highly active in securing the establishment of the National Academy of Sciences.
1830 - William Babcock Hazen, American Civil War general (d. 1887)
1840 - Thomas Nast, German-born political cartoonist (d. 1902)
1840 - Alfred Thayer Mahan US, naval officer (Influence of Sea Power)
1861 - Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, sister of US President Theodore Roosevelt (d. 1933)
1872 Bentley DeForest Ackley, American sacred composer, was born in Spring Hill, Pennsylvania (d. 3 Sep 1958, Winona Lake, Indiana).
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/a/c/k/ackley_bd.htm
1885 - Harry Blackstone, Sr., American magician (d. 1965)
1896 - Sam Ervin, American politician (d 1985)
1897 Giovanni Battista Montini near Brescia, Italy (d 6 Aug 1978). Ordained in 1920, he was named a cardinal by Pope John XXIII (1881–1963) in 1958. When John XXIII died in 1963, the conclave elected Montini his successor on 21 June. He chose a name suggesting Christian outreach: Pope Paul VI. His fifteen years as pontiff were instrumental in bringing the Vatican II Council to a confident conclusion in 1965.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI
1898 - Vincent Youmans, American composer and producer (d 1946)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Youmans
1913 - Albert Ellis, American psychologist (d 2007)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ellis
1914 Catherine (nee Wood) Marshall LeSourd, American Christian writer, in Johnson City, Tennessee (d March 1983). She became a best-selling author with the publication of A Man Called Peter, a biography of her first husband, Peter Marshall, chaplain of the U.S. Senate.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Marshall
1917 - Louis Auchincloss, American novelist (d. 2010)
1917 - William T. Orr, American television producer (d. 2002)
1919 - James H. Wilkinson, American mathematician (d. 1986)
1919 - Charles Percy, American politician
1920 - Jayne Meadows, American actress
1920 - Henry Melson Stommel (d 1992) American oceanographer and meteorologist who was an expert on physical oceanography, primarily in the interpretation of data associated with large scale ocean dynamics. He had a long standing interest in the Gulf Stream. He spent most of his career conducting research at the prestigious Oceanographic Institute in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Considered one of the most influential oceanographers of his time, Stommel proposed many theories that were later proven to be correct by other scientists. He applied electromagnetic measurements to oceanic flows, the dynamics of estuaries and the related problem of hydraulic controls, and the interaction of nonlinear eddy-like phenomena (hetons).
1924 - Earl Rudolph "Bud" Powell (d 1966) American Jazz pianist. Powell has been described as one of "the two most significant pianists of the style of modern jazz that came to be known as bop", the other being his friend and contemporary Thelonious Monk.[1] Along with Monk, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, Powell was a key player in the history of bebop, and his virtuosity as a pianist led many to call him "the Charlie Parker of the piano".
1926 - Jayne Meadows Wu Chang China, Mrs Steve Allen, actr (Dark Delusion)
1933 - Kathleen Nolan St Louis Mo, actress (Real McCoys, Janie, Broadside), first female President of the Screen Actors Guild (1975 – 1979, two terms).
1934 - Wilford Brimley, American actor
1934 - Dick Schaap, American sports reporter (d. 2001)
1939 - Kathy Whitworth, American golfer
1949 - Mike Schmidt 3rd baseman & HR hitter (Phillies)
1972 - Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress
1978 - Jon Erich Rauch Louisville, Kentucky, right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball with the Minnesota Twins and an Olympic Gold Medalist. At 6' 11" (2.11 m), he is the tallest player in the history of the major leagues.
Deaths:
1590 - Pope Urban VII 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, making his reign the shortest papacy in history. Urban VII's short passage in office gave rise to the world's first known public smoking ban, as he threatened to excommunicate anyone who "took tobacco in the porchway of or inside a church, whether it be by chewing it, smoking it with a pipe or sniffing it in powdered form through the nose".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_VII
1876 - Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (b 1817)
1896 William G. Tomer (b. 5 Oct 1833), American Methodist hymn writer
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/t/o/tomer_wg.htm
1932 August G. Brauer, founder and first secretary of the Lutheran Laymen’s League, in Saint Louis (b 20 May 1857).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=B&word=BRAUER.AUGUSTG
1944 - Aimee Semple McPherson, American evangelist (b. 1890)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson
1956 - Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete (b. 1911)
1956 - William Edward Boeing, American aviation pioneer (b. 1881)
1965 - Clara Bow, American actress (b 1905)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Bow
1981 - Robert Montgomery, American actor (b 1904)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)
1991 - Oona O'Neill, daughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill and 4th wife of Charlie Chaplin (b 1926)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill
1993 - Jimmy Doolittle, American general (b 1896)
www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1691.html
2003 - Donald O'Connor, American actor (b. 1925)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_O%27Connor
Christian Feast Days
Adheritus
Vincent de Paul
September 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyr Callistratus of Carthage and 49 martyrs with him (304)
Repose of Venerable Sabbatius, wonderworker of Solovki (1435)
Mark of Apollonias, Aristarchus, and Zenas the Lawyer, apostles of the Seventy (1st century)
Martyr Epicharis of Rome (3rd century)
Flavian I of Antioch
Sigeberht of East Anglia (635)
Saint Ignatius, abbot of the monastery of the Deep Stream in Asia Minor (975)
New Hieromartyr Anthimus the Georgian, metropolitan of Wallachia (1716)
New Martyr Aquilina of Thessalonica (1764)
Martyr Fortunatus
Hieromartyr Philemon
Martyr Gaiana
25 martyrs drowned in the sea
New Hieromartyr Herman (Kosolapov), bishop of Volsk (1919)
St. Rachel, schemanun of Borodino Convent (1928)
New Hieromartyr Peter (Polyansky), metropolitan of Krutitsy (1937)
Other Commemorations
Repose of Schemamonk Archipus of Glinsk Hermitage (1896)
Repose of Schemamonk Rachel of Borodino Convent (1928)
akaCG
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_27.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-adams-appointed-to-negotiate-peace-terms-with-british
www.amug.org/~jpaul/sep27.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_27
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0927.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_27_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
September 27th is the 271st day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 95 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 40
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1066 William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme River, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror
The meeting of Martin Luther (right) and Cardinal Cajetan (left, before the book).
1518 Martin Luther started for Augsburg to meet with Thomas Cardinal Cajetan (1469–1534).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther#Breach_with_the_papacy
1540 - Jesuit order established. In Rome, the Society of Jesus--a Roman Catholic missionary organization--receives its charter from Pope Paul III. The Jesuit order played an important role in the Counter-Reformation and eventually succeeded in converting millions around the world to Catholicism.
The Jesuit movement was founded by Ignatius de Loyola, a Spanish soldier turned priest, in August 1534. The first Jesuits--Ignatius and six of his students--took vows of poverty and chastity and made plans to work for the conversion of Muslims. If travel to the Holy Land was not possible, they vowed to offer themselves to the pope for apostolic work. Unable to travel to Jerusalem because of the Turkish wars, they went to Rome instead to meet with the pope and request permission to form a new religious order. In September 1540, Pope Paul III approved Ignatius' outline of the Society of Jesus, and the Jesuit order was born.
Under Ignatius' charismatic leadership, the Society of Jesus grew quickly. Jesuit missionaries played a leading role in the Counter-Reformation and won back many of the European faithful who had been lost to Protestantism. In Ignatius' lifetime, Jesuits were also dispatched to India, Brazil, the Congo region, and Ethiopia. Education was of utmost importance to the Jesuits, and in Rome Ignatius founded the Roman College (later called the Gregorian University) and the Germanicum, a school for German priests. The Jesuits also ran several charitable organizations, such as one for former prostitutes and one for converted Jews. When Ignatius de Loyola died in July 1556, there were more than 1,000 Jesuit priests.
During the next century, the Jesuits set up ministries around the globe. The "Black-Robes," as they were known in Native America, often preceded other Europeans in their infiltration of foreign lands and societies. The life of a Jesuit was one of immense risk, and thousands of priests were persecuted or killed by foreign authorities hostile to their mission of conversion. However, in some nations, such as India and China, the Jesuits were welcomed as men of wisdom and science.
With the rise of nationalism in the 18th century, most European countries suppressed the Jesuits, and in 1773 Pope Clement XIV dissolved the order under pressure from the Bourbon monarchs. However, in 1814, Pope Pius VII gave in to popular demand and reestablished the Jesuits as an order, and they continue their missionary work to this day. Ignatius de Loyola was canonized a Catholic saint in 1622.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus
1777 - Lancaster, Pennsylvania is the capital of the United States, for one day.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania#History
1779 - John Adams appointed to negotiate peace terms with British. On this day in 1779, the Continental Congress appoints John Adams to travel to France as minister plenipotentiary in charge of negotiating treaties of peace and commerce with Great Britain during the Revolutionary War.
Adams had traveled to Paris in 1778 to negotiate an alliance with France, but had been unceremoniously dismissed when Congress chose Benjamin Franklin as sole commissioner. Soon after returning to Massachusetts in mid-1779, Adams was elected as a delegate to the state convention to draw up a new constitution; he was involved in these duties when he learned of his new diplomatic commission. Accompanied by his young sons John Quincy and Charles, Adams sailed for Europe that November aboard the French ship Sensible, which sprang a leak early in the voyage and missed its original destination (Brest), instead landing at El Ferrol, in northwestern Spain. After an arduous journey by mule train across the Pyrenees and into France, Adams and his group reached Paris in early February 1780.
While in Paris, Adams wrote to Congress almost daily (sometimes several letters a day) sharing news about British politics, British and French naval activities and his general perspective on European affairs. Conditions were unfavorable for peace at the time, as the war was going badly for the Continental Army, and the blunt and sometimes confrontational Adams clashed with the French government, especially the powerful Foreign Minister Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes. In mid-June, Adams began a correspondence with Vergennes in which he pushed for French naval assistance, antagonizing both Vergennes and Franklin, who brought the matter to the attention of Congress.
By that time, Adams had departed France for Holland, where he was attempting to negotiate a loan from the Dutch. Before the end of the year, he was named American minister to the Netherlands, replacing Henry Laurens, who was captured at sea by the British. In June 1781, capitulating to pressure from Vergennes and other French diplomats, Congress acted to revoke Adams' sole powers as peacemaker with Britain, appointing Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay and Laurens to negotiate alongside him.
The tide of the war was turning in America's favor, and Adams returned to Paris in October 1782 to take up his part in the peace negotiations. As Jefferson didn't travel to Europe and Laurens was in failing health after his release from the Tower of London, it was left to Adams, Jay and Franklin to represent American interests. Adams and Jay both distrusted the French government (in contrast with Franklin), but their differences of opinion and diplomatic styles allowed the team to negotiate favorable terms in the Peace of Paris (1783). The following year, Jefferson arrived to take Adams' place as American minister to France, forming a lifelong bond with Adams and his family before the latter left to take up his new post as American ambassador to London and continue his distinguished record of foreign service on behalf of the new nation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)
1779 - John Jay is appointed minister to Spain. On this day in 1779, the former president of the Continental Congress, John Jay, is appointed minister to Spain and tasked with winning Spanish support for the American Revolution and Spain’s recognition of America’s independence.
For more than two years, Jay negotiated for Spanish support of the American cause but was only successful in getting occasional loans and a supply of war materials. His inability to gain recognition of American independence was the result of Spain’s fear that the revolution might spread to Spanish-controlled colonies in the Americas.
Jay, who graduated from King's College, now Columbia University, at the age of 19, was a prominent figure in New York state politics from an early age. While he opposed British interference in the colonies, Jay was initially against complete independence from Great Britain. He was elected to the First Continental Congress in 1774 as a representative from New York; it was during this term that he published "Address to the People of Great Britain," in which he promoted a peaceful resolution with Great Britain instead of independence. Jay was reelected to the Second Continental Congress in 1775 but resigned in 1776 rather than sign the Declaration of Independence.
Jay then returned to New York where he helped draft the state’s constitution before being elected the first chief justice of New York in 1777. After serving as president of the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779, he was appointed minister to Spain. Upon his return to the United States, Jay went on to become the first chief justice of the United States in 1789 and, six years later, governor of New York state.
bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=J000065
1785 - The Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S. was founded on this date, following the American Revolutionary War, when U.S. Anglicans met in Philadelphia to create a denomination independent from and autonomous of the Church of England.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Episcopal_Church
www.newadvent.org/cathen/12493a.htm
1787 - Constitution submitted to the states for ratification. After debating for two days on whether to censure members of the Constitutional Convention for going beyond their authority in creating a new form of government, the U.S. Congress set in motion the ratification process for the new U.S. Constitution. Congress ordered that copies of the document be sent to the states and directed each state legislature to call a convention to vote on ratification.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution
1816 - A black frost over most of New England kills unripened corn in the north resulting in a year of famine. (David Ludlum)
1864 - Unarmed Yankees are massacred in Centralia. A guerilla band led by William "Bloody Bill" Anderson sacks the town of Centralia, Missouri, killing 22 unarmed Union soldiers before massacring 120 pursuing Yankees.
The Civil War in Missouri and Kansas was rarely fought between regular armies in the field. It was carried out primarily by partisan bands of guerilla fighters, and the atrocities were nearly unmatched. In 1863, Confederate marauders sacked Lawrence, Kansas, and killed 250 residents.
In 1864, partisan activity increased in anticipation of Confederate General Sterling Price's invasion of the state. On the evening of September 26, a band of 200 Confederate marauders gathered near the town of Centralia, Missouri. The next morning, Anderson led 30 guerillas into Centralia and began looting the tiny community and terrorizing the residents. Unionist congressmen William Rollins escaped execution only by giving a false name and hiding in a nearby hotel.
Meanwhile, a train from St. Louis was just pulling into the station. The engineer, who spotted Anderson's men destroying the town, tried to apply steam to keep the train moving. However, the brakeman, unaware of the raid, applied the brakes and brought the train to a halt. The guerillas took 150 prisoners from the train, which included 23 Union soldiers, and then set it on fire and opened its throttle; the flaming train sped away from the town. The soldiers were stripped and Anderson's men began firing on them, killing all but one within a few minutes. The surviving Yankee soldier was spared in exchange for a member of Anderson's company who had recently been captured.
That afternoon, a Union detachment commanded by Major A. V. E. Johnston arrived in Centralia to find the bushwhackers had already vacated the town. Johnston left some troops to hold the tiny burgh, and then headed in the direction of Anderson's band. Little did he know he was riding right into a perfect trap: Johnston's men followed Rebel pickets into an open field, and the Southern partisans attacked from three sides. Johnston and his entire command were quickly annihilated. Anderson's men scalped and mutilated many of the bodies before moving back into Centralia and killing the remaining Federal soldiers. In all, the bushwhackers killed some 140 Yankee troops.
A month later, Anderson was killed attempting a similar attack near Albany, Missouri.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_%22Bloody_Bill%22_Anderson
1869 - Sheriff Wild Bill Hickok proves too wild for Kansas. Just after midnight on this day in 1869, Ellis County Sheriff Wild Bill Hickok and his deputy respond to a report that a local ruffian named Samuel Strawhun and several drunken buddies were tearing up John Bitter's Beer Saloon in Hays City, Kansas. When Hickok arrived and ordered the men to stop, Strawhun turned to attack him, and Hickok shot him in the head. Strawhun died instantly, as did the riot.
Such were Wild Bill's less-than-restrained law enforcement methods. Famous for his skill with a pistol and steely-calm under fire, James Butler Hickok initially seemed to be the ideal man for the sheriff of Ellis County, Kansas. The good citizens of Hays City, the county seat, were tired of the wild brawls and destructiveness of the hard-drinking buffalo hunters and soldiers who took over their town every night. They hoped the famous "Wild Bill" could restore peace and order, and in the late summer of 1869, elected him as interim county sheriff.
Tall, athletic, and sporting shoulder-length hair and a sweeping mustache, Hickok cut an impressive figure, and his reputation as a deadly shot with either hand was often all it took to keep many potential lawbreakers on the straight and narrow. As one visiting cowboy later recalled, Hickok would stand "with his back to the wall, looking at everything and everybody under his eyebrows--just like a mad old bull." But when Hickok applied more aggressive methods of enforcing the peace, some Hays City citizens wondered if their new cure wasn't worse than the disease. Shortly after becoming sheriff, Hickok shot a belligerent soldier who resisted arrest, and the man died the next day. A few weeks later Hickok killed Strawhun. While his brutal ways were indisputably effective, many Hays City citizens were less than impressed that after only five weeks in office he had already found it necessary to kill two men in the name of preserving peace.
During the regular November election later that year, the people expressed their displeasure, and Hickok lost to his deputy, 144-89. Though Wild Bill Hickok would later go on to hold other law enforcement positions in the West, his first attempt at being a sheriff had lasted only three months.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Bill_Hickok
1903 - Wreck of the Old 97, a train crash made famous by the song of the same name.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wreck_of_the_Old_97
1905 - The physics journal Annalen der Physik published Albert Einstein's paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", introducing the equation E=mc².
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein#1905_-_Annus_Mirabilis_papers
1908 - The first production of the Ford Model T automobile was built at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T
1910 - A U.S. patent for the Production of Ammonia was issued to Fritz Haber and Robert Le Rossignol (No. 971,501). This process could produce ammonia on a large scale directly from its component gases, hydrogen and nitrogen, by passing a mixture of them over heated finely-divided osmium metal used as a catalyst. A typical pressure of 175 atmospheres and a temperature of 550ºC could easily give an 8% by volume yield of ammonia. Although nitrogen makes up 80% of the air, as a gas it is quite unreactive. Despite its ready availability, nitrogen gas had previously been difficult to combine in a chemical form. Once nitrogen has been chemically combined in the form of ammonia, many other nitrogen compounds can be made
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Haber
1919 - The Executive Committee of the National Democratic Committee, anticipating the ratification of the constitutional amendment permitting women to vote, decided on September 27th, to admit women to membership.
1854 - The steamship SS Arctic sinks with 300 people on board. This marks the first great disaster in the Atlantic Ocean.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Arctic
1892 - Book matches were patented by Joshua Pusey of Lima, Ohio, No. 483165. He subseqerntly sold the patent rights to the Diamond Match Company of Barberton, Ohio. The Diamond Match Company was formulated as a conglomerate and built by absorbing a number of smaller match manufacturing companies. They were also the first company involved in book match making of any significance. In 1895, production exceeded 150,000 matchbooks a day. Diamond's objective was to produce a quality matchbook for sale to the public (not given freely as was traditional fifty years later). The first Diamond matchbooks assembled were a dangerous and flimsy novelty, but they were improved. Later, they were sold to companies and carried their advertising.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchbook
1922 - Scientists at the Naval Aircraft Radio Laboratory near Washington, D.C., demonstrated that if a ship passed through a radio wave being broadcast between two stations, that ship could be detected, the essentials of radar.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radar
1923 - Lou Gehrig's first homer. Signed in June for a $1,500 bonus, and recently brought up from Hartford (Eastern League), Lou Gehrig hits the first of his 493 home runs. It comes off Bill Piercy at Fenway Park in an 8-3 New York win.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig
1925 Valparaiso University opened as a Lutheran educational institution.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valparaiso_University
1930 - Bobby Jones wins U.S. Amateur title. On this day in 1930, golfer Bobby Jones wins his fourth major tournament of the year, making him the first person ever to win the "Grand Slam" of golf. Jones beat Gene Homans in match play format, 8 and 7, meaning he was eight holes ahead with just seven holes left to play.
Bobby Jones, a native of Atlanta, Georgia, had the picture-perfect swing of every golfer’s dreams, despite never having taken a lesson. While still a child, Jones modeled his swing after that of Stewart Maiden, a Scottish golfer who was the golf professional at the Atlanta Club. It worked: Jones was said to have shot a 70 for 18 holes by the age of 12. At 14, he won his first of five U.S. Amateur Championships at the Merion Cricket Club in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, where, 14 years later, he would win the Grand Slam, his greatest triumph.
Jones’ 1930 Grand Slam--which consisted of victories in the U.S. Open, British Open, U.S. Amateur and British Amateur in the same year--was the first in golf history. The four events took place over a five-month period, with the U.S. Amateur coming last. In the U.S. Amateur final, Jones played Gene Homans in head-to-head match play format. From the outset Jones showed himself to be the better golfer, winning the first hole played, three of the first four holes, and taking an early eight-hole lead. On what would be the final hole, Jones landed a long putt near the edge of the cup with his famous rusty putter, which he called Calamity Jane. With only a slight tap needed for Jones to place the ball into the hole, Homans had to hole his final putt to stay in the match. With most of the 18,000 fans at the tournament silently surrounding the green and standing in the adjoining fairway, Homans rushed the putt and missed, then walked toward Jones to shake his hand, acknowledging defeat. Understanding the significance of the historic moment, the crowd rushed toward Jones--it took a squadron of Marines to lead Jones and Homans to safety.
Jones retired from golf at the age of 29, shortly after winning the Grand Slam. Over the course of his career, he won four U.S. Opens, five U.S. Amateurs, three British Opens and one British Amateur. His total of 15 major tournaments wasn’t surpassed until Jack Nicklaus won his 16th major in 1980.
In 1934, Jones founded the Augusta National Golf Club, and that same year was among the founders of a new tournament called The Masters. As amateur play became less common, the Masters replaced the U.S. Amateur in the Grand Slam. Today, a Grand Slam consists of winning the Masters, the U.S. Open, the British Open and the PGA Championship.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby_Jones_(golfer)
1931 - Lou Gehrig completes his 6th straight season, playing in every game.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig
1933 - "Waltz Time" debuted on NBC Radio. It remained on the network until 1948
1937 - First Santa Claus school opens. Albion, NY resident Charlie Howard established a world famous Santa Claus School at his Albion farmhouse, the first school of its kind. He was considered the Dean of the Santa Claus School with a worldwide reputation for turning out top-notch St. Nicks.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_W._Howard
1938 - "Thanks for the Memory" was heard for the first time on "The Bob Hope Show" Hope first appeared on the radio show "The Intimate Revue" in 1935. He made two other brief radio appearances between 1935 and 1937, before starting "The Pepsodent Show" on September 27, 1938. The show was a huge success, attracting regular guest stars such as Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, and Bing Crosby. Hope's theme, "Thanks for the Memory," was heard for the first time on the NBC Red radio network.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanks_for_the_Memory
1938 - Franklin Roosevelt appeals to Hitler for peace. On this day in 1938, President Franklin Roosevelt writes to German Chancellor Adolf Hitler regarding the threat of war in Europe. The German chancellor had been threatening to invade the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia and, in the letter, his second to Hitler in as many days, Roosevelt reiterated the need to find a peaceful resolution to the issue.
The previous day, FDR had written to Hitler with an appeal to negotiate with Czechoslovakia regarding Germany’s desire for the natural and industrial resources of the Sudetenland rather than resort to force. Hitler responded that Germany was entitled to the area because of the "shameful" way in which the Treaty of Versailles, which had ended World War I, had made Germany a "pariah" in the community of nations. The treaty had given the Sudetenland, a territory that was believed by Hitler and many of his supporters to be inherently German, to the state of Czechoslovakia. Therefore, Hitler reasoned, German invasion of the Sudetenland was justified, as annexation by Germany would simply mean returning the area to its cultural and historical roots. Hitler assured Roosevelt that he also desired to avoid another large-scale war in Europe.
In his letter of September 27, Roosevelt expressed relief at Hitler’s assurances but re-emphasized his desire that "negotiations [between Germany and Czechoslovakia] be continued until a peaceful settlement is found." FDR also suggested that a conference of all nations concerned with the current conflict be convened as soon as possible. He appealed to Hitler’s ego, saying "should you agree to a solution in this peaceful manner I am convinced that hundreds of millions throughout the world would recognize your action as an outstanding historic service to all humanity." FDR then assured Hitler that the U.S. would remain neutral regarding European politics, but that America recognized a responsibility to be involved "as part of a world of neighbors."
In the end, Hitler ignored the international community’s pleas for a peaceful solution and invaded Czechoslovakia in March 1939. The invasion was just the first in Hitler’s quest to control Europe and create a "Third Reich" of German geopolitical supremacy.
1938 - Clarinet virtuoso Artie Shaw recorded the song that would become his theme song. The long series of musical groups Shaw formed included such talents as Helen Forrest, Mel Torm, Ray Conniff, Buddy Rich, Dave Tough, Barney Kessel and Tal Farlow. He chose the bluesy "Nightmare" for his personal theme, rather than more approachable songs. He openly insulted the fans who continually demanded he play his old standards as "morons" and executives in the music business as "thieves."
1939 - Poland surrenders On this day in 1939, 140,000 Polish troops are taken prisoner by the German invaders as Warsaw surrenders to the superior mechanized forces of Hitler's army. The Poles fought bravely, but were able to hold on for only 26 days.
On the heels of its victory, the Germans began a systematic program of terror, murder, and cruelty, executing members of Poland's middle and upper classes: Doctors, teachers, priests, landowners, and businessmen were rounded up and killed. The Nazis had given this operation the benign-sounding name "Extraordinary Pacification Action." The Roman Catholic Church, too, was targeted, because it was a possible source of dissent and counterinsurgency. In one west Poland church diocese alone, 214 priests were shot. And hundreds of thousands more Poles were driven from their homes and relocated east, as Germans settled in the vacated areas.
This was all part of a Hitler master plan. Back in August, Hitler warned his own officers that he was preparing Poland for that "which would not be to the taste of German generals"--including the rounding up of Polish Jews into ghettos, a prelude to their liquidation. All roads were pointing to Auschwitz.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland
1940 - The Tripartite Pact is signed by Germany, Italy, and Japan. On this day in 1940, the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in Berlin. The Pact provided for mutual assistance should any of the signatories suffer attack by any nation not already involved in the war. This formalizing of the alliance was aimed directly at "neutral" America--designed to force the United States to think twice before venturing in on the side of the Allies.
The Pact also recognized the two spheres of influence. Japan acknowledged "the leadership of Germany and Italy in the establishment of a new order in Europe," while Japan was granted lordship over "Greater East Asia."
A footnote: There was a fourth signatory to the Pact-Hungary, which was dragged into the Axis alliance by Germany in November 1940.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite_Pact
1941 - First WW II liberty ship, freighter Patrick Henry, launched. The SS Patrick Henry was the first Liberty ship launched. The ships initially had a poor public image and to try to assuage public opinion, September 27, 1941 was designated "Liberty Fleet Day," and the first 14 "Emergency" vessels were launched that day. The first of these (with hull number 14) was Patrick Henry, launched by President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland.
1942 - Glenn Miller and his orchestra performed together for the last time before Miller's entry into the Army.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn_Miller
1942 - Last day of the September Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marine Corps troops barely escape after being surrounded by Japanese forces near the Matanikau River.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actions_along_the_Matanikau
1944 - The Kassel Mission results in the largest loss by a USAAF group on any mission in World War II.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Kassel_in_World_War_II
1948 The Family Worship Hour, a ministry of the Lutheran Laymen’s League, was first broadcast over eleven stations.
lhmlonestar.org/default.aspx
1950 - Heavyweight champ Ezzard Charles defeats Joe Louis. American world heavyweight boxing champion from September 27, 1950, when he outpointed Joe Louis in 15 rounds in New York City, to July 18, 1951, when he was knocked out by Jersey Joe Walcott in 7 rounds in Pittsburgh.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezzard_Charles
1952 - "I Went to Your Wedding" by Patti Page topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Went_to_Your_Wedding
1954 - School integration begins in Washington DC & Baltimore Md public schools.
1954 - Steve Allen's "Tonight Show" premiers
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Allen#The_Tonight_Show
1956 – USAF Captain Milburn G. Apt becomes the first man to exceed Mach 3 while flying the Bell X-2. Shortly thereafter, the craft goes out of control and Captain Apt is killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milburn_G._Apt
1957 - The dramatic anthology series "Crossroads" aired for the last time over ABC television. Depicting the work of various clergymen, the series had premiered in October 1955.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossroads_(1955_TV_series)
1958 - "Volare" by Domenico Modugno topped the charts
1959 - A tornado 440 yards in width traveled twenty miles from near Hollow, OK, to western Cherokee County KS. Although a strong tornado, it was very slow moving, and gave a tremendous warning roar, and as a result no one was killed. (The Weather Channel)
1959 - Khrushchev ends trip to the United States. Nikita Khrushchev ends his dramatic and eventful visit to the United States and returns to the Soviet Union. For nearly two weeks, his trip dominated the news in America and around the world.
Khrushchev arrived in the United States on September 15. His plan was to tour America and conclude his trip nearly two weeks later with a summit meeting with President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Hopes were high that the visit marked a turning point in the Cold War and that perhaps the Soviet leader's oft-proclaimed desire for "peaceful coexistence" with the United States would become a reality. Before official business began, however, Khrushchev--the first Soviet head of state to visit the United States--took the opportunity to tour parts of America. At the top of his list was a visit to Hollywood. His trip to the land of make-believe took a bizarre turn, however, as he engaged in a verbal sparring match with the head of Twentieth Century Fox Studio. Khrushchev, displaying his famous temper, threatened to return home after the studio chief made some ill-chosen remarks about U.S.-Soviet competition. Khrushchev's outburst was nothing compared to the tantrum he threw when he learned he could not visit Disneyland because of security concerns. Returning to Washington, the Soviet leader began two days of talks with Eisenhower on a number of issues. Although no specific agreements were reached, both leaders resolved to continue their discussions in the future and keep the lines of communication open.
On September 27, Khrushchev concluded his visit. He met briefly to exchange goodbyes with Eisenhower and then was escorted to the airport by Vice President Richard Nixon. A few months earlier, at the American National Exhibition in Moscow, Nixon and Khrushchev had engaged in the famous "kitchen debate" concerning the battle between communism and capitalism. Now, however, the two men were exhibited great goodwill toward each other. With a 21-gun salute and a U.S. military band playing both the American and Soviet national anthems, Khrushchev boarded a Russian aircraft and returned to the Soviet Union.
1963 - At 10:59 AM the census clock, records US population at 190,000,000
1964 - Warren Commission released, finding Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.
1967 - Phillies Jim Bunning ties NL record of 5, 1-0 losses in a year
1967 - Antiwar sentiment increases. An advertisement headed "A Call To Resist Illegitimate Authority," signed by over 320 influential people (professors, writers, ministers, and other professional people), appears in the New Republic and the New York Review of Books, asking for funds to help youths resist the draft.
In Washington, Senator Thurston B. Morton (Republican from Kentucky), told reporters that President Johnson had been "brainwashed" by the "military-industrial complex" into believing a military victory could be achieved in Vietnam. Johnson felt the sting of such criticism and he was also frustrated by contradictory advice from his advisors. Still, he thought that slow and steady progress was being made in Vietnam based on optimistic reports coming out of the U.S. military headquarters in Saigon. General Westmoreland, Commander of U.S. Military Assistance Command Vietnam, reported that U.S. operations were keeping the Viet Cong off balance and inflicting heavy losses. Still, the home front was crumbling as Johnson came under increasingly personal attacks for his handling of the war. The situation would reach a critical state when the communists launched a major surprise attack on January 31 during the 1968 Tet holiday, the traditional Vietnamese holiday celebrating the lunar new year.
1968 - Cardinal's super pitcher Bob Gibson's 13th shutout of the year
1969 - "Sugar, Sugar" by the Archies topped the charts
1969 - Thieu comments on Nixon's Vietnamization policyPresident Nguyen Van Thieu says his government entertains no "ambition or pretense" to take over all fighting by the end of 1970, but given proper support South Vietnamese troops could replace the "bulk" of U.S. troops that year. Thieu said his agreement on any further U.S. troops withdrawals would hinge on whether his requests for equipment and funds for ARVN forces were granted. These comments were in response to President Nixon's continued emphasis on "Vietnamizing" the war so that U.S. forces could be withdrawn.
1970 - Afternoon highs of 103 degrees at Long Beach, CA, and 105 degrees at the Los Angeles Civic Center were the hottest since September records were established in 1963. Fierce Santa Ana winds accompanying the extreme heat resulted in destructive fires. (The Weather Channel)
1975 - "I'm Sorry" by John Denver topped the charts
1979 - Congress' final approval to create Department of Education.
1985 - A record early season snowstorm struck the Central High Plains Region. The storm left up to nineteen inches of snow along the Colorado Front Range, and as much as a foot of snow in the High Plains Region. (Storm Data)
1985 - Hurricane Gloria's 130 MPH wind hits the Atlantic coast. Gloria first passed over Cape Hatteras, North Carolina on September 27 as a category 3 storm. Moving at more than 30 mph, it made landfall again over southern Long Island, New York as a category 2 storm. Economic losses were estimated at $900 million.
1987 - While those at the base of Mount Washington, NH, enjoyed sunny skies and temperatures in the 70s, the top of the mountain was blanketed with 4.7 inches of snow, along with wind gusts to 99 mph, and a temperature of 13 degrees. Severe thunderstorms developed along a cold front in the south central U.S. A thunderstorm west of Noodle TX produced golf ball size hail and wind gusts to 70 mph. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - Thunderstorms developing ahead of a cold front produced large hail in southeastern Wyoming during the afternoon, with tennis ball size hail reported at Cheyenne. Strong winds ushering the cold air into the north central U.S. gusted to 59 mph at Lander WY. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - Lab tests reportedly show Shroud of Turin not Christ`s burial cloth.
1989 - Freezing temperatures were reported in the Great Lakes Region and the Ohio Valley. Houghton Lake MI reported a record low of 21 degrees. Thunderstorms in the western U.S. produced wind gusts to 50 mph at Salt Lake City UT, and gusts to 58 mph at Cody WY.(The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 - Sony purchases Columbia Pictures for $3.4 billion cash.
1989 The first two people to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel and live to tell about it.
1995 - The government unveiled its redesigned $100 bill
1996 - The Julie N. tanker skip crashes into the Million Dollar Bridge in Portland, Maine spilling thousands of gallons of oil.
1998 - Google is founded.
1999 - Tiger Stadium closed after 87 years, with Detroit beating the Kansas City Royals 8-2
1999 - Placido Domingo breaks Caruso’s opening-night record at the Metropolitan Opera. On September 27, 1999, operatic tenor Placido Domingo makes his 18th opening-night appearance at the Metropolitan Opera House, breaking an "unbreakable" record previously held by the great Enrico Caruso.
Caruso, of course, was the biggest star the world of opera had ever seen. Following his New York debut with the Metropolitan Opera in 1903, he made opening-night appearances at the Met in 16 of the next 17 years. With his death in 1921, Caruso’s streak stopped at 17—a mark that no other singer even remotely approached for the next 60 years. The Italian bass-baritone Ezio Pinza was the closest challenger to Caruso before Placido Domingo came along, but even Pinza failed to reach double digits, topping out at nine opening nights with the Met over the course of his 22-year career. Even Domingo never thought that Caruso’s record would be broken, much less that he would be the one to break it. "But when I was in my 11th or 12th opening night," he recalled during an interview before his record-setting performance, "somebody asked me, 'Do you realize how close you are to the number of times Caruso opened the Met season?' What can I tell you? I started to think maybe I can do it.''
As a contemporary of the great Luciano Pavarotti, Placido Domingo never enjoyed undisputed status as the greatest tenor of his time. But his far superior stamina and his broader repertoire made him the go-to choice for opening nights at the Met, of which Pavarotti sang only seven. Domingo sang his first opening with the Met in 1971, in Verdi’s Don Carlo, and over the years he sang opening-night parts as diverse as the title role in Verdi’s Otello and Sigmund in Wagner’s Die Walkurie. When he sang at his record-setting 18th opening night on this day in 1999, Domingo did so, appropriately enough, as Canio in Ruggero Leoncavallo’s Pagliacci—a role most closely associated the man whose record he surpassed, Enrico Caruso.
Births
1643 - Solomon Stoddard, (d 1728 or 1729) the American colonial minister who succeeded Rev. Eleazer Mather as pastor at Northampton, Massachusetts, where he died, after Mather's death. Stoddard significantly liberalized church policy while promoting more power for the clergy, decrying drinking and extravagance, and urging the preaching of hellfire and the Judgment.
1722 - Samuel Adams revolutionary rabble rouser/(Lt Gov-Mass, 1789-94)
1772 - Martha Jefferson Randolph, daughter of Thomas Jefferson (d. 1836)
1803 - Samuel Francis du Pont, American admiral (d. 1865)
1805 - George Müller (German - born as : Johann Georg Ferdinand Müller) (d 1898), a Christian evangelist and Director of the Ashley Down orphanage in Bristol, England, cared for 10,024 orphans in his life. He was well-known for providing an education to the children under his care, to the point where he was accused of raising the poor above their natural station in life. He also established 117 schools which offered Christian education to over 120,000 children, many of them being orphans.
1817 - Hiram R Revels Fayetteville NC, 1st black US senator
1824 - William "Bull" Nelson, American Civil War general (d. 1862)
1824 - Benjamin Apthorp Gould (d 1896) American astronomer whose star catalogs helped fix the list of constellations of the Southern Hemisphere Gould's early work was done in Germany, observating the motion of comets and asteroids. In 1861 undertook the enormous task of preparing for publication the records of astronomical observations made at the US Naval Observatory since 1850. But Gould's greatest work was his mapping of the stars of the southern skies, begun in 1870. The four-year endeavor involved the use of the recently developed photometric method, and upon the publication of its results in 1879 it was received as a signicant contribution to science. He was highly active in securing the establishment of the National Academy of Sciences.
1830 - William Babcock Hazen, American Civil War general (d. 1887)
1840 - Thomas Nast, German-born political cartoonist (d. 1902)
1840 - Alfred Thayer Mahan US, naval officer (Influence of Sea Power)
1861 - Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, sister of US President Theodore Roosevelt (d. 1933)
1872 Bentley DeForest Ackley, American sacred composer, was born in Spring Hill, Pennsylvania (d. 3 Sep 1958, Winona Lake, Indiana).
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/a/c/k/ackley_bd.htm
1885 - Harry Blackstone, Sr., American magician (d. 1965)
1896 - Sam Ervin, American politician (d 1985)
1897 Giovanni Battista Montini near Brescia, Italy (d 6 Aug 1978). Ordained in 1920, he was named a cardinal by Pope John XXIII (1881–1963) in 1958. When John XXIII died in 1963, the conclave elected Montini his successor on 21 June. He chose a name suggesting Christian outreach: Pope Paul VI. His fifteen years as pontiff were instrumental in bringing the Vatican II Council to a confident conclusion in 1965.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI
1898 - Vincent Youmans, American composer and producer (d 1946)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Youmans
1913 - Albert Ellis, American psychologist (d 2007)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ellis
1914 Catherine (nee Wood) Marshall LeSourd, American Christian writer, in Johnson City, Tennessee (d March 1983). She became a best-selling author with the publication of A Man Called Peter, a biography of her first husband, Peter Marshall, chaplain of the U.S. Senate.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Marshall
1917 - Louis Auchincloss, American novelist (d. 2010)
1917 - William T. Orr, American television producer (d. 2002)
1919 - James H. Wilkinson, American mathematician (d. 1986)
1919 - Charles Percy, American politician
1920 - Jayne Meadows, American actress
1920 - Henry Melson Stommel (d 1992) American oceanographer and meteorologist who was an expert on physical oceanography, primarily in the interpretation of data associated with large scale ocean dynamics. He had a long standing interest in the Gulf Stream. He spent most of his career conducting research at the prestigious Oceanographic Institute in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Considered one of the most influential oceanographers of his time, Stommel proposed many theories that were later proven to be correct by other scientists. He applied electromagnetic measurements to oceanic flows, the dynamics of estuaries and the related problem of hydraulic controls, and the interaction of nonlinear eddy-like phenomena (hetons).
1924 - Earl Rudolph "Bud" Powell (d 1966) American Jazz pianist. Powell has been described as one of "the two most significant pianists of the style of modern jazz that came to be known as bop", the other being his friend and contemporary Thelonious Monk.[1] Along with Monk, Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie, Powell was a key player in the history of bebop, and his virtuosity as a pianist led many to call him "the Charlie Parker of the piano".
1926 - Jayne Meadows Wu Chang China, Mrs Steve Allen, actr (Dark Delusion)
1933 - Kathleen Nolan St Louis Mo, actress (Real McCoys, Janie, Broadside), first female President of the Screen Actors Guild (1975 – 1979, two terms).
1934 - Wilford Brimley, American actor
1934 - Dick Schaap, American sports reporter (d. 2001)
1939 - Kathy Whitworth, American golfer
1949 - Mike Schmidt 3rd baseman & HR hitter (Phillies)
1972 - Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress
1978 - Jon Erich Rauch Louisville, Kentucky, right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball with the Minnesota Twins and an Olympic Gold Medalist. At 6' 11" (2.11 m), he is the tallest player in the history of the major leagues.
Deaths:
1590 - Pope Urban VII 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, making his reign the shortest papacy in history. Urban VII's short passage in office gave rise to the world's first known public smoking ban, as he threatened to excommunicate anyone who "took tobacco in the porchway of or inside a church, whether it be by chewing it, smoking it with a pipe or sniffing it in powdered form through the nose".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_VII
1876 - Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (b 1817)
1896 William G. Tomer (b. 5 Oct 1833), American Methodist hymn writer
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/t/o/tomer_wg.htm
1932 August G. Brauer, founder and first secretary of the Lutheran Laymen’s League, in Saint Louis (b 20 May 1857).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=B&word=BRAUER.AUGUSTG
1944 - Aimee Semple McPherson, American evangelist (b. 1890)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson
1956 - Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete (b. 1911)
1956 - William Edward Boeing, American aviation pioneer (b. 1881)
1965 - Clara Bow, American actress (b 1905)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clara_Bow
1981 - Robert Montgomery, American actor (b 1904)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Montgomery_(actor)
1991 - Oona O'Neill, daughter of playwright Eugene O'Neill and 4th wife of Charlie Chaplin (b 1926)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oona_O%27Neill
1993 - Jimmy Doolittle, American general (b 1896)
www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1691.html
2003 - Donald O'Connor, American actor (b. 1925)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_O%27Connor
Christian Feast Days
Adheritus
Vincent de Paul
September 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyr Callistratus of Carthage and 49 martyrs with him (304)
Repose of Venerable Sabbatius, wonderworker of Solovki (1435)
Mark of Apollonias, Aristarchus, and Zenas the Lawyer, apostles of the Seventy (1st century)
Martyr Epicharis of Rome (3rd century)
Flavian I of Antioch
Sigeberht of East Anglia (635)
Saint Ignatius, abbot of the monastery of the Deep Stream in Asia Minor (975)
New Hieromartyr Anthimus the Georgian, metropolitan of Wallachia (1716)
New Martyr Aquilina of Thessalonica (1764)
Martyr Fortunatus
Hieromartyr Philemon
Martyr Gaiana
25 martyrs drowned in the sea
New Hieromartyr Herman (Kosolapov), bishop of Volsk (1919)
St. Rachel, schemanun of Borodino Convent (1928)
New Hieromartyr Peter (Polyansky), metropolitan of Krutitsy (1937)
Other Commemorations
Repose of Schemamonk Archipus of Glinsk Hermitage (1896)
Repose of Schemamonk Rachel of Borodino Convent (1928)
akaCG
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_27.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-adams-appointed-to-negotiate-peace-terms-with-british
www.amug.org/~jpaul/sep27.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_27
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0927.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_27_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm