Post by farmgal on Sept 23, 2012 22:37:42 GMT -5
September 25th is the 269th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 97 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 42
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
303 On a voyage preaching the gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona was beheaded in Amiens, France.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermin
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
1493 - Columbus sails on 2nd voyage to America
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
1513 - Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches what would become known as the Pacific Ocean.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa
1555 - The Peace of Augsburg was signed, resolving bitter disputes between Protestants and Catholics in the German states. Its wider significance, however, meant that both the political unity of Germany and the medieval unity of Christendom was permanently dissolved.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg
1639 - 1st printing press in America
1643 The Solemn League and Covenant drawn up by the Scottish General Assembly in London at Westminster Abbey, guaranteeing Presbyterians equal rights with the Anglicans, was submitted to the English Parliament.
1690 - Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick, the first newspaper to appear in the Americas, is published for the first and only time. No second edition was printed, as the paper was shut down by the British colonial authorities.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publick_Occurrences_Both_Foreign_and_Domestick
1765 A charter was granted to the “United Swedish Lutheran Churches” on the Delaware River. The charter was from Richard Thomas Penn for the “United Swedish Lutheran churches of Wicaco, Kingsessing, and Upper Merion.”
en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons'_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Wrangel,_Charles_Magnus_von
1775 - Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue-Pointe. At the same time, Benedict Arnold and his expeditionary company set off from Fort Western, bound for Quebec City (Invasion of Canada (1775).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Allen
1782 The first complete English Bible known to be published in America was issued.
1789 - The U.S. Congress passes twelve amendments to the United States Constitution: the Congressional Apportionment Amendment (which was never ratified), the Congressional Compensation Amendment, and the ten that are known as the Bill of Rights.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Apportionment_Amendment
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_Rights
1789 - The establishment of religion on a national level was expressly prohibited in the U.S. with the adoption of the First Amendment, the opening words of which read: 'Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.' Final ratification of the First Amendment came in 1791.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment
1804 - The Teton Sioux (a subdivision of the Lakota) demand one of the boats from the Lewis and Clark Expedition as a toll for moving further upriver.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition#Journey
1835 Jackson Kemper, frontier bishop. Brethren, we are assembled, under the protection of Almighty God, to partake in, or to witness, the consecration of a missionary bishop. It is a new office in this Church. The event has not occurred before. What we are now to do will go on record, as a precedent..." With these words, George Washington Doane, a Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church signified the importance of events taking place in St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia. On this day, Friday, September 25, 1835, elderly Bishop William White, George Washington Doane and several other bishops consecrated Jackson Kemper for work on the American frontier.
Jackson had already shown strong interest in the west. In fact, he was the first clergyman of his church to preach west of the Allegheny mountains. While stationed in Philadelphia, he made missionary journeys into the wild areas of Pennsylvania, Ohio and Virginia. Now he was being placed in charge of a vast region in the center of the nation, supposedly encompassing just Indiana and Missouri. In actuality, he labored far afield, expanding his work into Wisconsin and to the west.
Motivated by the urgency of winning souls, Jackson traveled incessantly on horseback or in open wagons and worked himself hard. (Right up to the last year of life, when he was over eighty, he insisted on pushing himself to his limits.) What this cost him in his personal life is indicated by painful lines in his journal: "It is now 4 weeks since I left my own dear home & precious children. About this time I expected to be there again, & here I am at the farthest distance from Norwalk, with no prospect for more than a fortnight yet of returning! God's will be done."
Nonetheless, he exhorted fellow Episcopalians to make greater efforts, too. Pointing out the singular advantages enjoyed by the Episcopal church, he said, "Brethren! may it not be our duty to convert the world--may not this high, this inestimable privilege be offered to us! And are we prepared--are we doing at the present moment even one tenth part of what we are capable?" He appealed for more self-discipline, more self-sacrifice, and showed the way by regularly giving away about two-thirds of his own small income.
Jackson discovered that his recruits from the east did not adapt well to conditions in the west, and so he founded a school to train priests from among western men. Kemper College, his first venture, failed, owing to financial difficulties and faculty quarrels. Later he founded Nashotah House and Racine College both of which succeeded better.
His kindness, friendliness, honesty, concern for souls, and good breeding won him many friends throughout the vast territory of what was then called the Northwest. The extent of his effort can be seen in the fact that he organized eight dioceses: California, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and Wisconsin and founded three colleges. In addition to this, he promoted mission work among the Potowatami, Seneca, Oneida and Huron Indians with whom he worked. He pleaded for translation of the Scriptures into their languages.
His last public work was a confirmation service. Barely able to force himself through the rite, he returned home feeling ill; and he weakened steadily until he died on May 24, 1870. His last words to David Keene (who preached his funeral) were, "I hope I have been faithful; I hope I have kept the faith."
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630437/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Kemper
1846 - U.S. forces led by Zachary Taylor capture the Mexican city of Monterrey.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Mexican.E2.80.93American_War
1861 - Secretary of US Navy authorizes enlistment of slaves
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War
1890 - Congress establishes Yosemite National Park (Calif)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park
1894 - Grover Cleveland pardons bigamists, adulterers, polygamists and unlawful cohabitants. President Grover Cleveland issued a presidential proclamation pardoning Mormons who had previously engaged in polygamous marriages or habitation arrangements considered unlawful by the U.S. government. At the time, and to this day, plural marriages between one man and multiple women; one woman and multiple men; or multiple men and women are illegal in the United States.
In October 1890, under increasing social and political pressure, the president of the Church of Latter Day Saints (LDS) had issued his own manifesto claiming that Mormons would no longer sanction the practice of polygamous marriage. In 1893, then-President Benjamin Harrison pardoned those Mormons who had been in polygamous marriages on the condition that they and their fellow church members stick to monogamy from then on.
In September 1894, Cleveland decided that convicted polygamists from the Church of LDS had since mended their ways. His proclamation ensured that their property and civil rights, which had been taken away during the government’s efforts to weed out polygamy in the Utah territory, were restored. Still, the U.S. government continued to monitor the Mormon community closely for possible violations of polygamy laws.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland#States_admitted_to_the_Union
1911 - Ground is broken for Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenway_Park
1912 - Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York, New York.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism
1915 - World War I: The Second Battle of Champagne begins.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne
1926 - Henry Ford announces the 8 hour, 5-day work week
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Labor_philosophy
1929 - Jimmy Doolittle performs the first blind flight from Mitchel Field proving that full instrument flying from take off to landing is possible.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle#Instrument_flight
1934 - Lou Gehrig plays in his 1500th consecutive game
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig
1939 - A west coast hurricane moved onshore south of Los Angeles bringing unprecedented rains along the southern coast of California. Nearly five and a half inches of rain drenched Los Angeles during a 24 hour period. The hurricane caused two million dollars damage, mostly to structures along the coast and to crops, and claimed 45 lives at sea. "El Cordonazo" produced 5.66 inches of rain at Los Angeles and 11.6 inches of rain at Mount Wilson, both records for the month of September. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_California_tropical_storm
1942 - World War II: Swiss Police Instruction of September 25, 1942 – this instruction denied entry into Switzerland to Jewish refugees.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_for_the_Holocaust#Switzerland
1944 - World War II: Surviving elements of the British 1st Airborne Division withdraw from Arnhem in the Netherlands, thus ending the Battle of Arnhem and Operation Market Garden.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arnhem
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden
1950 - Kate Smith debuted an hourlong show on NBC.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Smith
1953 - Liberace made his debut at Carnegie Hall.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace
1954 "Hey There" by Rosemary Clooney topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hey_There
1957 - Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, is integrated by the use of United States Army troops.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine
1959 - The song "Do-Re-Mi" from the "Sound of Music" by Rodger and Hammerstein was registered
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do-Re-Mi
1962 - Sonny Liston KOs Floyd Patterson in 1st round for heavyweight title
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Liston#Patterson.E2.80.93Liston
1965 "Eve of Destruction" by Barry McGuire topped the charts
1965 - Fifty-nine-year-old Satchel Paige pitches three innings. On September 25, 1965, the Kansas City Athletics start ageless wonder Satchel Paige in a game against the Boston Red Sox. The 59-year-old Paige, a Negro League legend, proved his greatness once again by giving up only one hit in his three innings of play.
Leroy Page was born on July 7, 1906, in Mobile, Alabama. Page’s family changed the spelling of their name to Paige to differentiate themselves from John Page, Leroy’s absent and abusive father. "Satchel" got his nickname as a boy while working as a luggage carrier at the Mobile train station. When he was 12, his constant truancy coupled with a shoplifting incident got him sent to the Industrial School for Negro Children in Mount Meigs, Alabama. It turned out to be a lucky break, as it was there that Paige learned to pitch. After leaving the school, he turned pro.
From 1927 to 1948 Paige served as the baseball equivalent of a hired gun: He pitched for any team in the United States or abroad that could afford him. He was the highest paid pitcher of his time, and he wowed crowds with the speed of his fastball, his trick pitches and his considerable bravado. Just for fun, Paige would sometimes call in his outfield and then strike out the side. From 1939 to 1942, the Kansas City Monarchs paid up for his services and were justly rewarded: Paige led the team to four consecutive Negro American League pennants from 1939 to 1942. In the 1942 Negro League World Series, Satchel won three games in a four-game sweep of the Homestead Grays, led by famed slugger Josh Gibson.
Paige’s contract was bought by Bill Veeck’s Cleveland Indians on July 7, 1948, his 42nd birthday. He made his major league debut two days later, entering in the fifth inning against the St. Louis Browns with the Indians trailing 4-1. He gave up two singles in two innings, striking one man out and inducing one batter to hit into a double play. The Indians lost the game 5-3 in spite of Paige’s contribution. That year Satchel Paige went 6-1 with a solid 2.48 ERA for the World Champion Cleveland Indians and was named to Major League Baseball’s All-Star Team for the American League in 1952 and 1953, when he was 46 and 47 years old respectively.
On September 25, 1965, Paige’s three innings for the Kansas City Athletics made him, at 59 years, 2 months and 18 days, the oldest pitcher ever to play a game in the major leagues. Before the game, Paige sat in the bullpen in a rocking chair while a nurse rubbed liniment into his pitching arm for the entire crowd to see. Any doubts about Paige’s ability were put to rest when he set down each of the Red Sox batters he faced except for Carl Yastremski, who hit a double.
Arguably the greatest pitcher of his era, Paige was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satchel_Paige
1974 - Scientists first reported that freon gases released from aerosol spray cans were destroying the ozone layer.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichlorodifluoromethane
1977 - About 4,200 people take part in the first running of the Chicago Marathon.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Marathon
A photo taken of N533PS as it banks hard to the right. Note the right wing on fire.
1978 - PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727-214, collides in mid-air with a Cessna 172 and crashes in San Diego, California, resulting in the deaths of 144 people.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSA_Flight_182
1981 - Sandra Day O'Connor becomes the 102nd person sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and the first woman to hold the office.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor
1986 - Antonin Scalia appointed to the Supreme Court
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Scalia
1987 - Hurricane Emily crossed the island of Bermuda during the early morning. Emily, moving northeast at 45 mph, produced wind gusts to 115 mph at Kindley Field. The thirty-five million dollars damage inflicted by Emily made it the worst hurricane to strike Bermuda since 1948. Parts of Michigan and Wisconsin experienced their first freeze of the autumn. Snow and sleet were reported in the Sheffield and Sutton areas of northeastern Vermont at midday. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1987)
1988 - Florence Griffith Joyner runs Olympic record 100m in 10.54s
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Griffith_Joyner
1988 - Low pressure off the Northern Pacific Coast brought rain and gale force winds to the coast of Washington State. Fair weather prevailed across most of the rest of the nation. (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Twenty-three cities in the south central U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Topeka KS with a reading of 33 degrees, and Binghamton NY with a low of 25 degrees. Showers and thunderstorms in the southeastern U.S. drenched Atlanta GA with 4.87 inches of rain, their sixth highest total of record for any given day. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1996 The last of the Magdalene Asylums was closed in Ireland. Magdalene Asylums were homes for “fallen” women, most of them operated by different orders of the Roman Catholic Church. It has been estimated that around 30,000 women were admitted during the 150-year history of these institutions, often against their will.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalene_Asylums
2002 - The Vitim event, a possible bolide impact in Siberia, Russia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitim_event
Births
1738 - Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and President of Delaware (d. 1789)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(governor)
1807 - Alfred Lewis Vail (d 1859) American telegraph pioneer and an associate and financial backer of Samuel F.B. Morse in the experimentation that made the telegraph a commercial reality. The final form of the Morse code was perfected by Vail who simplified the whole process by introducing the telegraph key. Vail is responsible for the efficiency of the code, using the principle that the most frequently sent letters should have the shortest code.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Lewis_Vail
1832 - William Le Baron Jenney (d 1907) American civil engineer and architect whose technical innovations were of primary importance in the development of the skyscraper. During the Civil War he served as an engineering officer. By 1868 he was a practicing architect who had designed a Swiss Chalet style home with an innovative open floor plan -- years before Frank Lloyd Wright worked with the concept. He also made a name for himself as a town planner. However, Jenney's greatest fame came from his large commercial buildings. His Home Insurance Building in Chicago was one of the first buildings to use a metal skeleton for support, which became the standard for American skyscraper design
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jenney.jpg/250px-Jenney.jpg
1843 - Melville Reuben Bissell (d 1889) U.S. inventor of the carpet sweeper. Melville Bissell and his wife, Anna, owned a crockery shop in Grand Rapids, Mich. The dust from the packings was affecting Anna's health and, from a desperate need for self-preservation, he invented the carpet sweeper (issued a U.S. patent on 19 Sep 1876). They recognized the sweeper's marketing possibilities and began to assemble them in a room over the store. The inner workings and cases were made by women working in their homes. Tufts of hog bristles were bound with string, dipped in hot pitch, inserted in brush rollers and finally trimmed them with scissors. Anna Bissell gathered the parts together in clothes baskets and brought them back to the store for assembling. She grew the business after Melville's death.
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/67120/Melville-Reuben-Bissell
1843 - Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin (d 1928) U.S. geologist and educator, born in Mattoon, Illinois, known for his "planetesimal hypothesis". With Forest Ray Moulton in 1904, he proposed that the solar system formed after gas flares were ripped from the sun by the gravitational field of a passing star. The flares then condensed into "planetesimals," arrayed in a spiral extending from the sun, gradually accumulated material and became the planets we know today. From 1876, he was Wisconsin Geological Survey's chief geologist, moving to head the glacier division of the U.S. Geological Survey (1881). He was president of the University of Wisconsin (1887-92), and then for 26 years he was head of its geology department of the University of Chicago. He founded The Journal of Geology.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chrowder_Chamberlin
1866 - Thomas Hunt Morgan (d 1945) American zoologist and geneticist, Nobel laureate (1933), born in Lexington, Kentucky. At Columbia University (1904-28), he began his revolutionary genetic investigations of the fruit fly Drosophila (1908). Initially skeptical of Gregor Mendel's research, Morgan performed rigorous experiments which demonstrated that genes were linked in a series on chromosomes and are responsible for identifiable, hereditary traits. In 1910 he discovered sex-linkage in Drosophila, and postulated a connection between eye color in fruit flies and human color blindness. With his "fly room" colleagues, he mapped the relative positions of genes on Drosophila chromosomes, then published his seminal book, The Mechanisms of Mendelian Heredity (1915).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan
1866 Cleland Boyd McAfee (d 1944) Presbyterian. From a busy position, he envisioned a place of quiet rest. Cleland Boyd McAfee was born at Ashley, Missiouri. After graduating from Union Theological Seminary, he pastored the College church in Parkesville, Missouri for 20 years, and for the next eighteen, taught Systematic Theology at McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago. But we remember him best for his hymn "There Is a Place of Quiet Rest."
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/m/c/a/mcafee_cb.htm
1887 - May Sutton Bundy US, 1st US woman to win Wimbledon (US 1904) (d 1975)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Sutton_Bundy
1897 - William Faulkner, American writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1962)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner
1898 - Robert Brackman American artist (d 1980)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Brackman
1903 - Mark Rothko, born Marcus Rothkowitz (d 1970), Russian-born American painter. He is classified as an abstract expressionist, although he himself rejected this label, and even resisted classification as an "abstract painter".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rothko
1904 - Columbus O'Donnell Iselin (d 1971) American oceanographer, born in New Rochelle, N.Y. As director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1940-50; 1956-57) in Massachusetts, he expanded its facilities 10-fold and made it one of the largest research establishments of its kind in the world. He developed the bathythermograph and other deep-sea instruments responsible for saving ships during World War II. He made major contributions to research on ocean salinity and temperature, acoustics, and the oceanography of the Gulf Stream.
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295244/Columbus-OD-Iselin
1905 - Red Smith Green Bay Wisc, sportscaster/columnist (Fight Talk) (d 1982)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Smith_(sportswriter)
1910 Wilbur Nelson, (d 22 Aug 2003, in Laguna Woods, California, 92). Nelson, who founded the nationally syndicated daily radio ministry, The Morning Chapel Hour, in March of 1944, was a kind of evangelical renaissance man who excelled as a pastor, preacher, broadcaster, author, tenor soloist, song writer, choral conductor, and trombonist.
Wilbur Nelson was a native of Colorado, born in the town of Brighton. He was the fourth oldest of 10 children. He came to California at the age of 19, intent on entering the ministry. He had attended Pilgrim Bible College in Colorado Springs and pursued studies at Pasadena Nazarene College in Pasadena, CA. He received Honorary Doctorates from Talbot School of Theology in La Mirada, CA, and from the National University of Korea in Pusan, Korea. He was declared an Honorary Citizen of Pusan, the second largest city in South Korea.
www.assistnews.net/Stories/2003/s03080123.htm
www.assistnews.net/Stories/2003/s03080123.htm
1917 - Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Rizzuto
1925 - Paul B. MacCready, Jr., American aeronautical engineer (d. 2007)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_B._MacCready
1926 - Jack Hyles, Baptist pastor, built First Baptist, Hammond, Indiana up from fewer than a thousand members to a membership of 100,000 (d. 2001)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Hyles
1930 - Shel Silverstein, American humorist and author (d. 1999)
1931 - Barbara Walters Boston Mass, newscaster (Today, 20/20, ABC-TV)
1934 - John S Bull Memphis Tennessee, astronaut
1943 - Robert Gates, American Secretary of Defense
1952 - Christopher Reeve actor (Superman)
1968 - Willard Christopher "Will" Smith, Jr. is an American actor, film producer and rapper
Deaths
1534 Pope Clement VII (b Giulio de’ Medici, 26 May 1478).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII
1626 Lancelot Andrewes (b 1555) English bishop and scholar, who held high positions in the Church of England during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. During the latter's reign, Andrewes served successively as Bishop of Chichester, Ely and Winchester and oversaw the translation of the Authorized Version (or King James Version) of the Bible. In the Church of England he is commemorated on 25 September with a Lesser Festival.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancelot_Andrewes
1791 - William Bradford (b 1719) printer, soldier, and leader during the American Revolution from Philadelphia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_(American_Revolutionary_printer)
1867 - Oliver Loving (b 1812) was a cattle rancher and pioneer of the cattle drive who with Charles Goodnight developed the Goodnight-Loving Trail. Loving County, the smallest county in the United States in population, is named in his honor. He died from gangrene poisoning in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. A few weeks before, Loving had been trapped by 500 Commanche braves along the Pecos River. Shot in the arm and side, Loving managed to escape and reach Fort Sumner. Though the wounds alone were not fatal, Loving soon developed gangrene in his arm, a common infection in the days before antibiotics. Even then he might still have been saved had his arm been removed, but unfortunately the fort doctor "had never amputated any limbs and did not want to undertake such work."
Sometimes referred to as the "Dean of the Trail Drivers," Loving had been braving the Commanche territory along the Pecos in order to make his second pioneering drive of cattle from Texas to Denver. In the 1860s, the Texas cattle herds were booming, but as long as the cattle were in Texas they were essentially worthless. To make money, they had to be moved over thousands of miles to the big cities where Americans were becoming increasingly fond of good fresh western beef. To overcome this challenge, a number of Texans pioneered the technique known as the "long drive," hiring cowboys to take massive cattle herds overland to the first cattle towns like Wichita and Dodge City where they could be loaded on trains for the East.
Along with his partner Charles Goodnight, Oliver Loving tried a brilliant alternative approach. Goodnight and Loving proposed to drive a herd of cattle directly to the growing population centers in New Mexico and Colorado where they could avoid middlemen and earn higher prices per head. The result was the Goodnight-Loving Trail, a 700-mile route through west Texas and New Mexico that eventually brought the cattle right into the booming mining regions of Colorado.
During the course of their first long and often treacherous drive in 1866, Loving and Goodnight lost more than 400 head, mainly to dehydration and drowning. But the 1,600 cattle that survived the trip brought good prices, and when Goodnight headed back to Texas his mule carried $12,000 in gold. Encouraged, the two men were preparing to follow the same route the next year when Loving's fatal encounter with the Commanche abruptly ended the partnership. However, Goodnight and others continued to use the Goodnight-Loving Trail, and it soon became one of the most successful cattle trails of the day.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Loving
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodnight-Loving_Trail
1872 - Peter Cartwright, 87, early American Methodist circuit rider. Converted at age 29, Cartwright possessed a rough, uneducated and eccentric personality; but he spent over 50 of his 87 years spreading the Gospel through the Midwestern frontiers of Kentucky and Illinois.
When Peter Cartwright died on this day, September 25, 1872, the frontier lost a colorful preacher. Born in Virginia in 1785, just two years after treaty ended the American Revolution, he was taken west to Kentucky. There he became a tough guy in rough Logan County known as "Rogue's Harbor" because of its swarms of badmen. His Methodist mother pleaded and prayed for him.
Her prayers won. In a camp meeting, sixteen year old Peter was convicted of his sinfulness and need for a Savior. For hours he cried out to God for forgiveness until finally the peace of Christ flooded his soul. At once he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. Within two years he was a traveling preacher, bringing the gospel to the backwoods of the new nation. His rough past and hardy constitution served him well, for he faced floods, thieves, hunger and disease, meeting every challenge head on.
Once Peter warned General Andrew Jackson (future President of the United States) that he would be damned to Hell just as quickly as any other man if he did not repent. Another preacher apologized for Peter's bluntness. Jackson retorted that Christ's ministers ought to love everybody and fear no mortal man, adding that he wished he had a few thousand officers like Peter.
Rowdies often interrupted Peter's meetings. When one thug promised to whip him, Peter invited the man to step into the woods with him. The two started for the trees. Leaping over a fence at the edge of the campground, Peter landed painfully and clutched his side. The bully shouted that the preacher was going for a dagger and took to his heels.
Another time Peter charged a group of rowdies in the dark, yelling to imaginary forces, "Here! here! Officers and men, take them!" The troublemakers bolted in panic. Such events gave him a name. A story spread that he had fought legendary river boatman Mike Fink.
Crowds flocked to hear him. Throughout Kentucky, Tennessee and Illinois, Peter preached to hosts of men and women, three hours at a stretch, several times a week. Women wept and strong men trembled. 10,000 came to Christ in meetings that sometimes ran day and night. Peter baptized thousands, adding them to the church. He urged new converts to build meeting houses. To meet a desperate need for preachers, he championed the creation of Methodist colleges. Wherever he went he left behind religious books and tracts to convert and strengthen souls. The joy of soul-winning compensated him for all his hardships.
Hardships were many. Several times Peter went days without food. Once he returned from his circuit with just 6 borrowed cents in his pocket. His father had to re-outfit him with clothes, saddle and horse before he could ride again. Traveling preachers were paid a measly $30- 50 a year. Nonetheless Peter married and raised children. His family experienced tragedy. Forced to camp in the open one night, they were startled awake when a tree snapped in two; Peter flung up his arms to deflect the falling timber, but it crushed his youngest daughter to death.
In 1823 Peter Cartwright sold his Kentucky farm. He feared his daughters would marry slave owners. Slavery, he felt, sapped independence of spirit. His family readily agreed to the change and his bishop appointed him to a circuit in Illinois.
In Illinois, Peter braved floods. Once he had to chase his saddle bags which were swept downstream. In every circumstance, the Lord brought him to safety. In Illinois he ran for a seat in the Illinois legislature against Abraham Lincoln, beating him. But later Lincoln beat him in a race for the U.S. Congress. Peter died at eighty-seven, leaving behind an autobiography which has become a classic as much for the exploits it recounts as for the pictures it paints of frontier life.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630564/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Cartwright_(revivalist)
1908 - Henry A. Redpath, 60, English Old Testament textual scholar . From 1892-1906, Redpath and Edwin Hatch compiled "A Concordance to the Septuagint and Other Greek Versions of the Old Testament"-- still in print today.
www.amazon.com/Concordance-Septuagint-Testament-Including-Apocryphal/dp/0801021413
1924 Charles Cowman (b. 1867), founder of the Oriental Missionary Society.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Cowman
1926 - Herbert Booth, son of William and Catherine Booth (b. 1862)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Booth
1929 - Miller James Huggins (b 1879), nicknamed "Mighty Mite", was a baseball player and manager. He managed the powerhouse New York Yankee teams of the 1920s and won six American League pennants and three World Series championships, dies at 50
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Huggins
1933 - Ring Lardner, American writer (b. 1885)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_Lardner
1958 - John Broadus Watson (b 1878) American psychologist whose ideas initiated behaviorism as a branch ofpsychology. Inspired by the recent work of Ivan Pavlov, he studied the biology, physiology, and behavior of animals. Watson viewed animals as extremely complex machines that responded to situations according to their "wiring," or nerve pathways that were conditioned by experience. When he continued with studies of the behavior of children, his conclusion was that humans, while more complicated than animals, operated on the same principles. Watson's behaviourism dominated psychology in the U.S. in the 1920s and '30s.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Broadus_Watson
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1960 - Emily Post, American etiquette expert (b. 1873)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Post
1971 - Hugo Lafayette Black, American jurist, served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1886)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Lafayette_Black
1975 - Bob Considine newscaster (Tonight! America After Dark), dies at 68
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Considine
1984 - Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (b. 1897)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Pidgeon
1985 - William Cumming Rose (b 1887) American biochemist who researched the role of amino acids in nutrition determining which were essential, and calculated the minimum daily requirement for each of them. Having found that the milk protein, casein, was essential in a healthy rat's diet, he discovered (1936) the threonine in the casein was an essential amino acid. Over several years he manipulated the rodent diet and finally established the primary importance of nine more amino acids: lysine, tryptophan, histidine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, and arginine. In 1942, Rose began a ten-year research project on human diet. By persuading students to restrict their diet in various ways Rose eventually established that 8 of the above are essential amino acids for adults.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose
1988 - Billy Carter, brother of Jimmy Carter (b. 1937)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Carter
1995 - Annie Elizabeth “Bessie” Delany (b 1891) was an American dentist and civil rights pioneer who was the subject, along with her sister Sadie, of the New York Times bestselling oral history, Having Our Say, written by journalist Amy Hill Hearth. Delany earned a Doctor of Dental Surgery Degree from Columbia University in 1923. She was the second Black woman licensed to practice dentistry in New York State, and became famous, with the publication of the book, at the age of 101.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Elizabeth_Delany
2003 - George Plimpton, American writer and actor (b 1927)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Plimpton
2005 - M. Scott Peck, American psychiatrist and writer (b 1936)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Scott_Peck
2006 - John Dean "Jeff" Cooper (b 1920) was recognized as the father of what is commonly known as "the Modern Technique" of handgun shooting, and is considered to be one of the 20th century's foremost international experts on the use and history of small arms.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dean_%22Jeff%22_Cooper
Christian Feast Day:
Abadir and Iraja and companions (Coptic Church)
Finbarr
Cadoc
Ceolfrith
Sergius of Radonezh (repose)
September 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Repose of Saint Sergius, Abbot and Wonderworker of Radonezh (1392)
Venerable Euphrosyne of Alexandria (5th century)
Martyr Paphnutius and 546 companions in Egypt (3rd century)
St. Arsenius the Great, catholicos of Georgia (887)
Saint Euphrosyne of Suzdal, nun (1250)
Martyrs Paul and Tatta and their children Sabinian, Maximos, Rufus, and Eugene of Damascus
Other Commemorations
Commemoration of the Earthquake in Constantinople in 447, when a boy was lifted up to heaven and heard the "Trisagion"
Translation of the relics (1595) of Saint Herman, Archbishop of Kazan (1567)
Repose of Elder Dositheus (monastic woman who took up her struggle "in the guise of a man"), recluse of the Kiev Caves who blessed Saint Seraphim to go to Sarov (1776)
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akaCG
www.history.com/this-day-in-history
www.amug.org/~jpaul/sep25.html
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_25
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_25.htm
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.christianity.com/HistoryByDay/0925/
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0925.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_25_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
There are 97 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 42
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
303 On a voyage preaching the gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona was beheaded in Amiens, France.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermin
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
1493 - Columbus sails on 2nd voyage to America
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
1513 - Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches what would become known as the Pacific Ocean.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa
1555 - The Peace of Augsburg was signed, resolving bitter disputes between Protestants and Catholics in the German states. Its wider significance, however, meant that both the political unity of Germany and the medieval unity of Christendom was permanently dissolved.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg
1639 - 1st printing press in America
1643 The Solemn League and Covenant drawn up by the Scottish General Assembly in London at Westminster Abbey, guaranteeing Presbyterians equal rights with the Anglicans, was submitted to the English Parliament.
1690 - Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick, the first newspaper to appear in the Americas, is published for the first and only time. No second edition was printed, as the paper was shut down by the British colonial authorities.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publick_Occurrences_Both_Foreign_and_Domestick
1765 A charter was granted to the “United Swedish Lutheran Churches” on the Delaware River. The charter was from Richard Thomas Penn for the “United Swedish Lutheran churches of Wicaco, Kingsessing, and Upper Merion.”
en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons'_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Wrangel,_Charles_Magnus_von
1775 - Ethan Allen surrenders to British forces after attempting to capture Montreal during the Battle of Longue-Pointe. At the same time, Benedict Arnold and his expeditionary company set off from Fort Western, bound for Quebec City (Invasion of Canada (1775).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Allen
1782 The first complete English Bible known to be published in America was issued.
1789 - The U.S. Congress passes twelve amendments to the United States Constitution: the Congressional Apportionment Amendment (which was never ratified), the Congressional Compensation Amendment, and the ten that are known as the Bill of Rights.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Apportionment_Amendment
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_Rights
1789 - The establishment of religion on a national level was expressly prohibited in the U.S. with the adoption of the First Amendment, the opening words of which read: 'Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.' Final ratification of the First Amendment came in 1791.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Amendment
1804 - The Teton Sioux (a subdivision of the Lakota) demand one of the boats from the Lewis and Clark Expedition as a toll for moving further upriver.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition#Journey
1835 Jackson Kemper, frontier bishop. Brethren, we are assembled, under the protection of Almighty God, to partake in, or to witness, the consecration of a missionary bishop. It is a new office in this Church. The event has not occurred before. What we are now to do will go on record, as a precedent..." With these words, George Washington Doane, a Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church signified the importance of events taking place in St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia. On this day, Friday, September 25, 1835, elderly Bishop William White, George Washington Doane and several other bishops consecrated Jackson Kemper for work on the American frontier.
Jackson had already shown strong interest in the west. In fact, he was the first clergyman of his church to preach west of the Allegheny mountains. While stationed in Philadelphia, he made missionary journeys into the wild areas of Pennsylvania, Ohio and Virginia. Now he was being placed in charge of a vast region in the center of the nation, supposedly encompassing just Indiana and Missouri. In actuality, he labored far afield, expanding his work into Wisconsin and to the west.
Motivated by the urgency of winning souls, Jackson traveled incessantly on horseback or in open wagons and worked himself hard. (Right up to the last year of life, when he was over eighty, he insisted on pushing himself to his limits.) What this cost him in his personal life is indicated by painful lines in his journal: "It is now 4 weeks since I left my own dear home & precious children. About this time I expected to be there again, & here I am at the farthest distance from Norwalk, with no prospect for more than a fortnight yet of returning! God's will be done."
Nonetheless, he exhorted fellow Episcopalians to make greater efforts, too. Pointing out the singular advantages enjoyed by the Episcopal church, he said, "Brethren! may it not be our duty to convert the world--may not this high, this inestimable privilege be offered to us! And are we prepared--are we doing at the present moment even one tenth part of what we are capable?" He appealed for more self-discipline, more self-sacrifice, and showed the way by regularly giving away about two-thirds of his own small income.
Jackson discovered that his recruits from the east did not adapt well to conditions in the west, and so he founded a school to train priests from among western men. Kemper College, his first venture, failed, owing to financial difficulties and faculty quarrels. Later he founded Nashotah House and Racine College both of which succeeded better.
His kindness, friendliness, honesty, concern for souls, and good breeding won him many friends throughout the vast territory of what was then called the Northwest. The extent of his effort can be seen in the fact that he organized eight dioceses: California, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and Wisconsin and founded three colleges. In addition to this, he promoted mission work among the Potowatami, Seneca, Oneida and Huron Indians with whom he worked. He pleaded for translation of the Scriptures into their languages.
His last public work was a confirmation service. Barely able to force himself through the rite, he returned home feeling ill; and he weakened steadily until he died on May 24, 1870. His last words to David Keene (who preached his funeral) were, "I hope I have been faithful; I hope I have kept the faith."
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630437/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson_Kemper
1846 - U.S. forces led by Zachary Taylor capture the Mexican city of Monterrey.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor#Mexican.E2.80.93American_War
1861 - Secretary of US Navy authorizes enlistment of slaves
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans_in_the_American_Civil_War
1890 - Congress establishes Yosemite National Park (Calif)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park
1894 - Grover Cleveland pardons bigamists, adulterers, polygamists and unlawful cohabitants. President Grover Cleveland issued a presidential proclamation pardoning Mormons who had previously engaged in polygamous marriages or habitation arrangements considered unlawful by the U.S. government. At the time, and to this day, plural marriages between one man and multiple women; one woman and multiple men; or multiple men and women are illegal in the United States.
In October 1890, under increasing social and political pressure, the president of the Church of Latter Day Saints (LDS) had issued his own manifesto claiming that Mormons would no longer sanction the practice of polygamous marriage. In 1893, then-President Benjamin Harrison pardoned those Mormons who had been in polygamous marriages on the condition that they and their fellow church members stick to monogamy from then on.
In September 1894, Cleveland decided that convicted polygamists from the Church of LDS had since mended their ways. His proclamation ensured that their property and civil rights, which had been taken away during the government’s efforts to weed out polygamy in the Utah territory, were restored. Still, the U.S. government continued to monitor the Mormon community closely for possible violations of polygamy laws.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland#States_admitted_to_the_Union
1911 - Ground is broken for Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenway_Park
1912 - Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism is founded in New York, New York.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University_Graduate_School_of_Journalism
1915 - World War I: The Second Battle of Champagne begins.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Champagne
1926 - Henry Ford announces the 8 hour, 5-day work week
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford#Labor_philosophy
1929 - Jimmy Doolittle performs the first blind flight from Mitchel Field proving that full instrument flying from take off to landing is possible.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle#Instrument_flight
1934 - Lou Gehrig plays in his 1500th consecutive game
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Gehrig
1939 - A west coast hurricane moved onshore south of Los Angeles bringing unprecedented rains along the southern coast of California. Nearly five and a half inches of rain drenched Los Angeles during a 24 hour period. The hurricane caused two million dollars damage, mostly to structures along the coast and to crops, and claimed 45 lives at sea. "El Cordonazo" produced 5.66 inches of rain at Los Angeles and 11.6 inches of rain at Mount Wilson, both records for the month of September. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_California_tropical_storm
1942 - World War II: Swiss Police Instruction of September 25, 1942 – this instruction denied entry into Switzerland to Jewish refugees.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsibility_for_the_Holocaust#Switzerland
1944 - World War II: Surviving elements of the British 1st Airborne Division withdraw from Arnhem in the Netherlands, thus ending the Battle of Arnhem and Operation Market Garden.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arnhem
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden
1950 - Kate Smith debuted an hourlong show on NBC.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Smith
1953 - Liberace made his debut at Carnegie Hall.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberace
1954 "Hey There" by Rosemary Clooney topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hey_There
1957 - Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, is integrated by the use of United States Army troops.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine
1959 - The song "Do-Re-Mi" from the "Sound of Music" by Rodger and Hammerstein was registered
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do-Re-Mi
1962 - Sonny Liston KOs Floyd Patterson in 1st round for heavyweight title
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny_Liston#Patterson.E2.80.93Liston
1965 "Eve of Destruction" by Barry McGuire topped the charts
1965 - Fifty-nine-year-old Satchel Paige pitches three innings. On September 25, 1965, the Kansas City Athletics start ageless wonder Satchel Paige in a game against the Boston Red Sox. The 59-year-old Paige, a Negro League legend, proved his greatness once again by giving up only one hit in his three innings of play.
Leroy Page was born on July 7, 1906, in Mobile, Alabama. Page’s family changed the spelling of their name to Paige to differentiate themselves from John Page, Leroy’s absent and abusive father. "Satchel" got his nickname as a boy while working as a luggage carrier at the Mobile train station. When he was 12, his constant truancy coupled with a shoplifting incident got him sent to the Industrial School for Negro Children in Mount Meigs, Alabama. It turned out to be a lucky break, as it was there that Paige learned to pitch. After leaving the school, he turned pro.
From 1927 to 1948 Paige served as the baseball equivalent of a hired gun: He pitched for any team in the United States or abroad that could afford him. He was the highest paid pitcher of his time, and he wowed crowds with the speed of his fastball, his trick pitches and his considerable bravado. Just for fun, Paige would sometimes call in his outfield and then strike out the side. From 1939 to 1942, the Kansas City Monarchs paid up for his services and were justly rewarded: Paige led the team to four consecutive Negro American League pennants from 1939 to 1942. In the 1942 Negro League World Series, Satchel won three games in a four-game sweep of the Homestead Grays, led by famed slugger Josh Gibson.
Paige’s contract was bought by Bill Veeck’s Cleveland Indians on July 7, 1948, his 42nd birthday. He made his major league debut two days later, entering in the fifth inning against the St. Louis Browns with the Indians trailing 4-1. He gave up two singles in two innings, striking one man out and inducing one batter to hit into a double play. The Indians lost the game 5-3 in spite of Paige’s contribution. That year Satchel Paige went 6-1 with a solid 2.48 ERA for the World Champion Cleveland Indians and was named to Major League Baseball’s All-Star Team for the American League in 1952 and 1953, when he was 46 and 47 years old respectively.
On September 25, 1965, Paige’s three innings for the Kansas City Athletics made him, at 59 years, 2 months and 18 days, the oldest pitcher ever to play a game in the major leagues. Before the game, Paige sat in the bullpen in a rocking chair while a nurse rubbed liniment into his pitching arm for the entire crowd to see. Any doubts about Paige’s ability were put to rest when he set down each of the Red Sox batters he faced except for Carl Yastremski, who hit a double.
Arguably the greatest pitcher of his era, Paige was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satchel_Paige
1974 - Scientists first reported that freon gases released from aerosol spray cans were destroying the ozone layer.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichlorodifluoromethane
1977 - About 4,200 people take part in the first running of the Chicago Marathon.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Marathon
A photo taken of N533PS as it banks hard to the right. Note the right wing on fire.
1978 - PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727-214, collides in mid-air with a Cessna 172 and crashes in San Diego, California, resulting in the deaths of 144 people.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSA_Flight_182
1981 - Sandra Day O'Connor becomes the 102nd person sworn in as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and the first woman to hold the office.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor
1986 - Antonin Scalia appointed to the Supreme Court
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_Scalia
1987 - Hurricane Emily crossed the island of Bermuda during the early morning. Emily, moving northeast at 45 mph, produced wind gusts to 115 mph at Kindley Field. The thirty-five million dollars damage inflicted by Emily made it the worst hurricane to strike Bermuda since 1948. Parts of Michigan and Wisconsin experienced their first freeze of the autumn. Snow and sleet were reported in the Sheffield and Sutton areas of northeastern Vermont at midday. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1987)
1988 - Florence Griffith Joyner runs Olympic record 100m in 10.54s
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Griffith_Joyner
1988 - Low pressure off the Northern Pacific Coast brought rain and gale force winds to the coast of Washington State. Fair weather prevailed across most of the rest of the nation. (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Twenty-three cities in the south central U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Topeka KS with a reading of 33 degrees, and Binghamton NY with a low of 25 degrees. Showers and thunderstorms in the southeastern U.S. drenched Atlanta GA with 4.87 inches of rain, their sixth highest total of record for any given day. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1996 The last of the Magdalene Asylums was closed in Ireland. Magdalene Asylums were homes for “fallen” women, most of them operated by different orders of the Roman Catholic Church. It has been estimated that around 30,000 women were admitted during the 150-year history of these institutions, often against their will.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalene_Asylums
2002 - The Vitim event, a possible bolide impact in Siberia, Russia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitim_event
Births
1738 - Nicholas Van Dyke, American lawyer and President of Delaware (d. 1789)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(governor)
1807 - Alfred Lewis Vail (d 1859) American telegraph pioneer and an associate and financial backer of Samuel F.B. Morse in the experimentation that made the telegraph a commercial reality. The final form of the Morse code was perfected by Vail who simplified the whole process by introducing the telegraph key. Vail is responsible for the efficiency of the code, using the principle that the most frequently sent letters should have the shortest code.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Lewis_Vail
1832 - William Le Baron Jenney (d 1907) American civil engineer and architect whose technical innovations were of primary importance in the development of the skyscraper. During the Civil War he served as an engineering officer. By 1868 he was a practicing architect who had designed a Swiss Chalet style home with an innovative open floor plan -- years before Frank Lloyd Wright worked with the concept. He also made a name for himself as a town planner. However, Jenney's greatest fame came from his large commercial buildings. His Home Insurance Building in Chicago was one of the first buildings to use a metal skeleton for support, which became the standard for American skyscraper design
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Jenney.jpg/250px-Jenney.jpg
1843 - Melville Reuben Bissell (d 1889) U.S. inventor of the carpet sweeper. Melville Bissell and his wife, Anna, owned a crockery shop in Grand Rapids, Mich. The dust from the packings was affecting Anna's health and, from a desperate need for self-preservation, he invented the carpet sweeper (issued a U.S. patent on 19 Sep 1876). They recognized the sweeper's marketing possibilities and began to assemble them in a room over the store. The inner workings and cases were made by women working in their homes. Tufts of hog bristles were bound with string, dipped in hot pitch, inserted in brush rollers and finally trimmed them with scissors. Anna Bissell gathered the parts together in clothes baskets and brought them back to the store for assembling. She grew the business after Melville's death.
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/67120/Melville-Reuben-Bissell
1843 - Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin (d 1928) U.S. geologist and educator, born in Mattoon, Illinois, known for his "planetesimal hypothesis". With Forest Ray Moulton in 1904, he proposed that the solar system formed after gas flares were ripped from the sun by the gravitational field of a passing star. The flares then condensed into "planetesimals," arrayed in a spiral extending from the sun, gradually accumulated material and became the planets we know today. From 1876, he was Wisconsin Geological Survey's chief geologist, moving to head the glacier division of the U.S. Geological Survey (1881). He was president of the University of Wisconsin (1887-92), and then for 26 years he was head of its geology department of the University of Chicago. He founded The Journal of Geology.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chrowder_Chamberlin
1866 - Thomas Hunt Morgan (d 1945) American zoologist and geneticist, Nobel laureate (1933), born in Lexington, Kentucky. At Columbia University (1904-28), he began his revolutionary genetic investigations of the fruit fly Drosophila (1908). Initially skeptical of Gregor Mendel's research, Morgan performed rigorous experiments which demonstrated that genes were linked in a series on chromosomes and are responsible for identifiable, hereditary traits. In 1910 he discovered sex-linkage in Drosophila, and postulated a connection between eye color in fruit flies and human color blindness. With his "fly room" colleagues, he mapped the relative positions of genes on Drosophila chromosomes, then published his seminal book, The Mechanisms of Mendelian Heredity (1915).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan
1866 Cleland Boyd McAfee (d 1944) Presbyterian. From a busy position, he envisioned a place of quiet rest. Cleland Boyd McAfee was born at Ashley, Missiouri. After graduating from Union Theological Seminary, he pastored the College church in Parkesville, Missouri for 20 years, and for the next eighteen, taught Systematic Theology at McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago. But we remember him best for his hymn "There Is a Place of Quiet Rest."
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/m/c/a/mcafee_cb.htm
1887 - May Sutton Bundy US, 1st US woman to win Wimbledon (US 1904) (d 1975)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Sutton_Bundy
1897 - William Faulkner, American writer, Nobel laureate (d. 1962)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Faulkner
1898 - Robert Brackman American artist (d 1980)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Brackman
1903 - Mark Rothko, born Marcus Rothkowitz (d 1970), Russian-born American painter. He is classified as an abstract expressionist, although he himself rejected this label, and even resisted classification as an "abstract painter".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rothko
1904 - Columbus O'Donnell Iselin (d 1971) American oceanographer, born in New Rochelle, N.Y. As director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1940-50; 1956-57) in Massachusetts, he expanded its facilities 10-fold and made it one of the largest research establishments of its kind in the world. He developed the bathythermograph and other deep-sea instruments responsible for saving ships during World War II. He made major contributions to research on ocean salinity and temperature, acoustics, and the oceanography of the Gulf Stream.
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/295244/Columbus-OD-Iselin
1905 - Red Smith Green Bay Wisc, sportscaster/columnist (Fight Talk) (d 1982)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Smith_(sportswriter)
1910 Wilbur Nelson, (d 22 Aug 2003, in Laguna Woods, California, 92). Nelson, who founded the nationally syndicated daily radio ministry, The Morning Chapel Hour, in March of 1944, was a kind of evangelical renaissance man who excelled as a pastor, preacher, broadcaster, author, tenor soloist, song writer, choral conductor, and trombonist.
Wilbur Nelson was a native of Colorado, born in the town of Brighton. He was the fourth oldest of 10 children. He came to California at the age of 19, intent on entering the ministry. He had attended Pilgrim Bible College in Colorado Springs and pursued studies at Pasadena Nazarene College in Pasadena, CA. He received Honorary Doctorates from Talbot School of Theology in La Mirada, CA, and from the National University of Korea in Pusan, Korea. He was declared an Honorary Citizen of Pusan, the second largest city in South Korea.
www.assistnews.net/Stories/2003/s03080123.htm
www.assistnews.net/Stories/2003/s03080123.htm
1917 - Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2007)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Rizzuto
1925 - Paul B. MacCready, Jr., American aeronautical engineer (d. 2007)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_B._MacCready
1926 - Jack Hyles, Baptist pastor, built First Baptist, Hammond, Indiana up from fewer than a thousand members to a membership of 100,000 (d. 2001)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Hyles
1930 - Shel Silverstein, American humorist and author (d. 1999)
1931 - Barbara Walters Boston Mass, newscaster (Today, 20/20, ABC-TV)
1934 - John S Bull Memphis Tennessee, astronaut
1943 - Robert Gates, American Secretary of Defense
1952 - Christopher Reeve actor (Superman)
1968 - Willard Christopher "Will" Smith, Jr. is an American actor, film producer and rapper
Deaths
1534 Pope Clement VII (b Giulio de’ Medici, 26 May 1478).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_VII
1626 Lancelot Andrewes (b 1555) English bishop and scholar, who held high positions in the Church of England during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. During the latter's reign, Andrewes served successively as Bishop of Chichester, Ely and Winchester and oversaw the translation of the Authorized Version (or King James Version) of the Bible. In the Church of England he is commemorated on 25 September with a Lesser Festival.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancelot_Andrewes
1791 - William Bradford (b 1719) printer, soldier, and leader during the American Revolution from Philadelphia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bradford_(American_Revolutionary_printer)
1867 - Oliver Loving (b 1812) was a cattle rancher and pioneer of the cattle drive who with Charles Goodnight developed the Goodnight-Loving Trail. Loving County, the smallest county in the United States in population, is named in his honor. He died from gangrene poisoning in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. A few weeks before, Loving had been trapped by 500 Commanche braves along the Pecos River. Shot in the arm and side, Loving managed to escape and reach Fort Sumner. Though the wounds alone were not fatal, Loving soon developed gangrene in his arm, a common infection in the days before antibiotics. Even then he might still have been saved had his arm been removed, but unfortunately the fort doctor "had never amputated any limbs and did not want to undertake such work."
Sometimes referred to as the "Dean of the Trail Drivers," Loving had been braving the Commanche territory along the Pecos in order to make his second pioneering drive of cattle from Texas to Denver. In the 1860s, the Texas cattle herds were booming, but as long as the cattle were in Texas they were essentially worthless. To make money, they had to be moved over thousands of miles to the big cities where Americans were becoming increasingly fond of good fresh western beef. To overcome this challenge, a number of Texans pioneered the technique known as the "long drive," hiring cowboys to take massive cattle herds overland to the first cattle towns like Wichita and Dodge City where they could be loaded on trains for the East.
Along with his partner Charles Goodnight, Oliver Loving tried a brilliant alternative approach. Goodnight and Loving proposed to drive a herd of cattle directly to the growing population centers in New Mexico and Colorado where they could avoid middlemen and earn higher prices per head. The result was the Goodnight-Loving Trail, a 700-mile route through west Texas and New Mexico that eventually brought the cattle right into the booming mining regions of Colorado.
During the course of their first long and often treacherous drive in 1866, Loving and Goodnight lost more than 400 head, mainly to dehydration and drowning. But the 1,600 cattle that survived the trip brought good prices, and when Goodnight headed back to Texas his mule carried $12,000 in gold. Encouraged, the two men were preparing to follow the same route the next year when Loving's fatal encounter with the Commanche abruptly ended the partnership. However, Goodnight and others continued to use the Goodnight-Loving Trail, and it soon became one of the most successful cattle trails of the day.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Loving
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodnight-Loving_Trail
1872 - Peter Cartwright, 87, early American Methodist circuit rider. Converted at age 29, Cartwright possessed a rough, uneducated and eccentric personality; but he spent over 50 of his 87 years spreading the Gospel through the Midwestern frontiers of Kentucky and Illinois.
When Peter Cartwright died on this day, September 25, 1872, the frontier lost a colorful preacher. Born in Virginia in 1785, just two years after treaty ended the American Revolution, he was taken west to Kentucky. There he became a tough guy in rough Logan County known as "Rogue's Harbor" because of its swarms of badmen. His Methodist mother pleaded and prayed for him.
Her prayers won. In a camp meeting, sixteen year old Peter was convicted of his sinfulness and need for a Savior. For hours he cried out to God for forgiveness until finally the peace of Christ flooded his soul. At once he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. Within two years he was a traveling preacher, bringing the gospel to the backwoods of the new nation. His rough past and hardy constitution served him well, for he faced floods, thieves, hunger and disease, meeting every challenge head on.
Once Peter warned General Andrew Jackson (future President of the United States) that he would be damned to Hell just as quickly as any other man if he did not repent. Another preacher apologized for Peter's bluntness. Jackson retorted that Christ's ministers ought to love everybody and fear no mortal man, adding that he wished he had a few thousand officers like Peter.
Rowdies often interrupted Peter's meetings. When one thug promised to whip him, Peter invited the man to step into the woods with him. The two started for the trees. Leaping over a fence at the edge of the campground, Peter landed painfully and clutched his side. The bully shouted that the preacher was going for a dagger and took to his heels.
Another time Peter charged a group of rowdies in the dark, yelling to imaginary forces, "Here! here! Officers and men, take them!" The troublemakers bolted in panic. Such events gave him a name. A story spread that he had fought legendary river boatman Mike Fink.
Crowds flocked to hear him. Throughout Kentucky, Tennessee and Illinois, Peter preached to hosts of men and women, three hours at a stretch, several times a week. Women wept and strong men trembled. 10,000 came to Christ in meetings that sometimes ran day and night. Peter baptized thousands, adding them to the church. He urged new converts to build meeting houses. To meet a desperate need for preachers, he championed the creation of Methodist colleges. Wherever he went he left behind religious books and tracts to convert and strengthen souls. The joy of soul-winning compensated him for all his hardships.
Hardships were many. Several times Peter went days without food. Once he returned from his circuit with just 6 borrowed cents in his pocket. His father had to re-outfit him with clothes, saddle and horse before he could ride again. Traveling preachers were paid a measly $30- 50 a year. Nonetheless Peter married and raised children. His family experienced tragedy. Forced to camp in the open one night, they were startled awake when a tree snapped in two; Peter flung up his arms to deflect the falling timber, but it crushed his youngest daughter to death.
In 1823 Peter Cartwright sold his Kentucky farm. He feared his daughters would marry slave owners. Slavery, he felt, sapped independence of spirit. His family readily agreed to the change and his bishop appointed him to a circuit in Illinois.
In Illinois, Peter braved floods. Once he had to chase his saddle bags which were swept downstream. In every circumstance, the Lord brought him to safety. In Illinois he ran for a seat in the Illinois legislature against Abraham Lincoln, beating him. But later Lincoln beat him in a race for the U.S. Congress. Peter died at eighty-seven, leaving behind an autobiography which has become a classic as much for the exploits it recounts as for the pictures it paints of frontier life.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630564/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Cartwright_(revivalist)
1908 - Henry A. Redpath, 60, English Old Testament textual scholar . From 1892-1906, Redpath and Edwin Hatch compiled "A Concordance to the Septuagint and Other Greek Versions of the Old Testament"-- still in print today.
www.amazon.com/Concordance-Septuagint-Testament-Including-Apocryphal/dp/0801021413
1924 Charles Cowman (b. 1867), founder of the Oriental Missionary Society.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Cowman
1926 - Herbert Booth, son of William and Catherine Booth (b. 1862)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Booth
1929 - Miller James Huggins (b 1879), nicknamed "Mighty Mite", was a baseball player and manager. He managed the powerhouse New York Yankee teams of the 1920s and won six American League pennants and three World Series championships, dies at 50
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_Huggins
1933 - Ring Lardner, American writer (b. 1885)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_Lardner
1958 - John Broadus Watson (b 1878) American psychologist whose ideas initiated behaviorism as a branch ofpsychology. Inspired by the recent work of Ivan Pavlov, he studied the biology, physiology, and behavior of animals. Watson viewed animals as extremely complex machines that responded to situations according to their "wiring," or nerve pathways that were conditioned by experience. When he continued with studies of the behavior of children, his conclusion was that humans, while more complicated than animals, operated on the same principles. Watson's behaviourism dominated psychology in the U.S. in the 1920s and '30s.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Broadus_Watson
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1960 - Emily Post, American etiquette expert (b. 1873)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Post
1971 - Hugo Lafayette Black, American jurist, served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1886)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Lafayette_Black
1975 - Bob Considine newscaster (Tonight! America After Dark), dies at 68
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Considine
1984 - Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (b. 1897)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Pidgeon
1985 - William Cumming Rose (b 1887) American biochemist who researched the role of amino acids in nutrition determining which were essential, and calculated the minimum daily requirement for each of them. Having found that the milk protein, casein, was essential in a healthy rat's diet, he discovered (1936) the threonine in the casein was an essential amino acid. Over several years he manipulated the rodent diet and finally established the primary importance of nine more amino acids: lysine, tryptophan, histidine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, and arginine. In 1942, Rose began a ten-year research project on human diet. By persuading students to restrict their diet in various ways Rose eventually established that 8 of the above are essential amino acids for adults.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose
1988 - Billy Carter, brother of Jimmy Carter (b. 1937)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Carter
1995 - Annie Elizabeth “Bessie” Delany (b 1891) was an American dentist and civil rights pioneer who was the subject, along with her sister Sadie, of the New York Times bestselling oral history, Having Our Say, written by journalist Amy Hill Hearth. Delany earned a Doctor of Dental Surgery Degree from Columbia University in 1923. She was the second Black woman licensed to practice dentistry in New York State, and became famous, with the publication of the book, at the age of 101.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Elizabeth_Delany
2003 - George Plimpton, American writer and actor (b 1927)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Plimpton
2005 - M. Scott Peck, American psychiatrist and writer (b 1936)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._Scott_Peck
2006 - John Dean "Jeff" Cooper (b 1920) was recognized as the father of what is commonly known as "the Modern Technique" of handgun shooting, and is considered to be one of the 20th century's foremost international experts on the use and history of small arms.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dean_%22Jeff%22_Cooper
Christian Feast Day:
Abadir and Iraja and companions (Coptic Church)
Finbarr
Cadoc
Ceolfrith
Sergius of Radonezh (repose)
September 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Repose of Saint Sergius, Abbot and Wonderworker of Radonezh (1392)
Venerable Euphrosyne of Alexandria (5th century)
Martyr Paphnutius and 546 companions in Egypt (3rd century)
St. Arsenius the Great, catholicos of Georgia (887)
Saint Euphrosyne of Suzdal, nun (1250)
Martyrs Paul and Tatta and their children Sabinian, Maximos, Rufus, and Eugene of Damascus
Other Commemorations
Commemoration of the Earthquake in Constantinople in 447, when a boy was lifted up to heaven and heard the "Trisagion"
Translation of the relics (1595) of Saint Herman, Archbishop of Kazan (1567)
Repose of Elder Dositheus (monastic woman who took up her struggle "in the guise of a man"), recluse of the Kiev Caves who blessed Saint Seraphim to go to Sarov (1776)
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akaCG
www.history.com/this-day-in-history
www.amug.org/~jpaul/sep25.html
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_25
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_25.htm
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.christianity.com/HistoryByDay/0925/
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0925.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_25_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)