Post by farmgal on Sept 22, 2012 22:57:15 GMT -5
622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hijra from Mecca to Medina.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijra_(Islam)
787 The Second Council of Nicaea was transferred to Nicea from Constantinople.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Council_of_Nicaea
1664 - The Dutch Republic surrenders New Amsterdam to England.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Amsterdam
1742 - Faneuil Hall opens to the public. Often called "the Cradle of Liberty," Faneuil Hall was a focal point in the organization of colonial resentment and protest against acts of the British Parliament in the years immediately prior to the Revolution. It was built at the expense of Peter Faneuil, a wealthy merchant of French descent, and given by him to the town. The building was completed on September 10, 1742, with the people voting that it be called 'Faneuil Hall' forever.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faneuil_Hall
1757 Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758), noted colonial clergyman, became president of the College of New Jersey (later Princeton). He served as president until his death.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)
Benjamin Franklin's celebrity like status in France helped win French support for the United States during the American Revolutionary War
1776 - Congress prepares instructions for negotiating treaty with France On this day in 1776, the Continental Congress prepares instructions and guidance for the agents appointed to negotiate a treaty between the United States and France. The agents were also instructed to request immediate assistance in securing arms.
Covert French aid began filtering into the colonies soon after the outbreak of hostilities between Britain and America in 1775. Silas Deane, a Connecticut delegate to the Continental Congress, left for France on a secret mission on March 3, 1776. The Committee of Congress for Secret Correspondence, consisting of Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Harrison, John Dickinson, John Hay and Robert Morris, instructed Deane to meet with French Foreign Minister Charles Gravier, Count de Vergennes, to stress America's need for military stores and assure the French that the colonies were moving toward "total separation" from Great Britain.
Deane managed to negotiate unofficial assistance from France, in the form of ships containing military supplies, and recruited the Marquis de Lafayette to share his military expertise with the Continental Army’s officer corps. However, it was not until the arrival of the suave Benjamin Franklin and the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga in October 1777 that the French became convinced that it was worth backing the Americans in a formal treaty.
On February 6, 1778, the Treaties of Amity and Commerce and Alliance were signed; they were ratified by the Continental Congress in May 1778. One month later, war between Britain and France formally began when a British squadron fired on two French ships. During the American Revolution, French naval fleets proved critical in the defeat of the British, which was assured at the Battle of Yorktown in October 1781
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Secret_Correspondence
1780 - Benedict Arnold flees to British Army lines when the arrest of British Major John André exposes Arnold's plot to surrender West Point.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold
The first page of the Judiciary Act of 1789.
1789 - The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act which creates the office of the United States Attorney General and the federal judiciary system, and orders the composition of the Supreme Court of the United States.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789
1867 The first Lambeth Conference, a Pan-Anglican Synod consisting of British, colonial and American Anglican bishops, met at Lambeth Palace. Its purpose was to discuss Episcopal church organization.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambeth_Conference
Photograph of the black board in the New York Gold Room, September 24, 1869, showing the collapse of the price of gold. Handwritten caption by James A. Garfield indicates it was used as evidence before the Committee of Banking & Currency during hearings in 1870.
1869 - "Black Friday": Gold prices plummet after Ulysses S. Grant orders the Treasury to sell large quantities of gold after Jay Gould and James Fisk plot to control the market.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(1869)
1889 - Alexander Dey patents the dial time recorder. This style of time clock was first manufactured by the Dey Company and then as Industrial Time Recorders (ITR) after 1907. It used a dial that employees were required to point to their assigned number, and press to record the time of arrival and departure. The numbers of the employees and times were recorded on a sheet of paper wrapped around a drum.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_clock
1890 - The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints officially renounces polygamy. On this day in 1890, faced with the eminent destruction of their church and way of life, Mormon leaders reluctantly issue the "Mormon Manifesto" in which they command all Latter-day Saints to uphold the anti-polygamy laws of the nation. The Mormon leaders had been given little choice: If they did not abandon polygamy they faced federal confiscation of their sacred temples and the revocation of basic civil rights for all Mormons.
Followers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had been practicing the doctrine of "plural marriage" since the 1840s. The best available evidence suggests that the church founder, Joseph Smith, first began taking additional wives in 1841, and historians estimate he eventually married more than 50 women. For a time, the practice was shrouded in secrecy, though rumors of widespread polygamy had inspired much of the early hatred and violence directed against the Mormons in Illinois. After establishing their new theocratic state centered in Salt Lake City, the church elders publicly confirmed that plural marriage was a central Mormon belief in 1852.
The doctrine was distinctly one-sided: Mormon women could not take multiple husbands. Nor could just any Mormon man participate. Only those who demonstrated unusually high levels of spiritual and economic worthiness were permitted to practice plural marriage, and the Church also required that the first wife give her consent. As a result of these barriers, relatively few Mormon men had multiple wives. Best estimates suggest that men with two or more wives made up only 5 to 15 percent of the population of most Mormon communities.
Even though only a tiny minority of Mormons practiced plural marriage, many church leaders were very reluctant to abandon it, arguing that to do so would destroy the Mormon way of life. Ironically, though, the Mormon Manifesto's call for an end to polygamy actually paved the way to greater Mormon-Gentile cooperation and may well have helped ensure the religion's lasting vitality.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints#Pioneer_era
1906 - U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming as the nation's first National Monument.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devils_Tower
1909 - Thomas M. Flaherty filed for a U.S. patent, with an idea for a "Signal for Crossings" This was the first U.S. application for a traffic signal design, later issued as No. 991,964 on 9 May 1911. His signal used a large horizontal arrow pivoted on a post, which turned to indicate the right of way direction. It could be activated by an electric solenoid by a policeman beside the road. Although filed first, it was not the first patent actually issued for a traffic signal. Ernest E. Sirrine filed a different design seven months after Flaherty, but his patent was issued earlier, and thus he held the first U.S. patent for a "Street Traffic System"
1918 - WWI: Bulgaria seeks ceasefire with Allied powers On September 24, 1918, the government of Bulgaria issues an official statement announcing it had sent a delegation to seek a ceasefire with the Allied powers that would end Bulgaria’s participation in World War I.
After being secretly courted as an ally by both sides in the opening months of the war, Bulgaria had decided in favor of Germany and the Central Powers in October 1915. By the end of that same month, Bulgarian forces had clashed with Serbia’s army in the former Ottoman province on Macedonia, driving a wedge between Serbia and Allied forces in Greece that were attempting to come to that country’s aid. In the summer of 1916, Bulgaria invaded and occupied a section of then-neutral Greece, mounting a major offensive in August that was only halted by British aerial and naval attacks. In April 1917, further British attacks against the Bulgarian trenches at Macedonia’s Lake Doiran proved unsuccessful, and the two sides remained locked in stalemate for much of the following year.
Over the course of 1918, as the Allies began to put more pressure on Germany on the Western Front, the Germans were forced to transfer many of their troops from the Salonika front—as the battlegrounds of northern Greece and Macedonia were known—where they had been aiding their Bulgarian allies. As a result, a planned Bulgarian offensive for that summer was canceled, contributing to disintegrating morale and growing discontent among the Bulgarian troops and on the home front, where people were starving. In mid-September, the Allies capitalized on the enemy’s weakness by launching their own offensive in Salonika, led by French General Louis Franchet d’Esperey. Less than a week after the initial attack against German and Bulgarian positions in Macedonia, the Allies had captured Lake Doiran. Defeat in Macedonia sparked unrest in the Bulgarian capital city, Sofia, including mutinies in the army garrison.
On September 24, with British forces approaching the Bulgarian frontier—they would cross it the following day—the Bulgarian government issued a statement announcing that due to "the conjunction of circumstances which have recently arisen," its authorities had "authorized the Commander-in-Chief of the army to propose to the Generalissimo of the armies of the Entente at Salonika a cessation of hostilities and the entering into of negotiations for obtaining an armistice and peace." Armistice talks began on September 28, and Bulgaria formally exited World War I the following day, having lost a total of 90,000 soldiers over the course of the conflict.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria#Third_Bulgarian_state
1922 - Rogers Hornsby sets the NL HR mark at 42
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Hornsby
1926 - The temperature at Yellowstone Park dipped to nine degrees below zero. It was the coldest reading of record in the U.S. during September. Severe freezes were widespread over the northwestern U.S. causing great crop destruction. In Washington State, Spokane County experienced their earliest snow of record. Harney Branch Experiment Station in Oregon reported a temperature of 2 degrees above zero to establish a state record for the month of September. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
1929 - Lt James H Doolittle makess the first all-instrument flight
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle
1934 - 2500 fans see Babe Ruth's farewell Yankee appearance at Yankee Stadium
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe_Ruth#Decline_and_end_with_Yankees
1935 - Earl Bascom and Weldon Bascom produce the first rodeo ever held outdoors under electric lights at Columbia, Mississippi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodeo#History_of_rodeo
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Bascom
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia,_Mississippi#History
1938 - Don Budge becomes first tennis player to grand slam
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Budge
1941 - Japanese gather preliminary data on Pearl Harbor On this day in 1941, the Japanese consul in Hawaii is instructed to divide Pearl Harbor into five zones and calculate the number of battleships in each zone--and report the findings back to Japan.
Relations between the United States and Japan had been deteriorating quickly since Japan's occupation of Indo-China and the implicit menacing of the Philippines, an American protectorate. American retaliation included the seizing of all Japanese assets in the States and the closing of the Panama Canal to Japanese shipping. In September 1941, Roosevelt issued a statement, drafted by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, that threatened war between the United States and Japan should the Japanese encroach any farther on territory in Southeast Asia or the South Pacific.
The Japanese military had long dominated Japanese foreign affairs. So, although official negotiations between the U.S. secretary of state and his Japanese counterpart to ease tensions were ongoing, Hideki Tojo, the minister of war who would soon be prime minister, had no intention of withdrawing from captured territories. He also construed the American "threat" of war as an ultimatum and prepared to deliver the first blow in a Japanese-American confrontation: the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
In September 1941, Nagai Kita, the Japanese consul in Hawaii, was told to begin carving up Pearl Harbor into five distinct zones and to determine the number of warships moored in each zone. Little did Japan know that the United States had intercepted the message; unfortunately, it had to be sent back to Washington for decrypting. Flights east were infrequent, so the message was sent via sea, a more time-consuming process. When it finally arrived at the capital, staff shortages and other priorities further delayed the decryption. When the message was finally unscrambled in mid-October--it was dismissed as being of no great consequence.
It would be found of consequence on December 7.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor#Anticipating_war
1947 - Supposedly founded: Majestic 12 (also known as Majic 12, Majestic Trust, M12, MJ 12, MJ XII, Majority 12 or Mars-Jupiter 12), the code name of a secret committee of scientists, military leaders, and government officials, supposedly formed in 1947 by an executive order of U.S. President Harry S Truman. The alleged purpose of the committee was to investigate UFO activity in the aftermath of the Roswell incident—the supposed crash of the alien spaceship near Roswell, New Mexico, in July 1947. The Majestic 12 is an important part of the UFO conspiracy theory of an ongoing government cover up of UFO information. The Federal Bureau of Investigation has concluded that documents associated with the Majestic 12 committee are "completely bogus".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majestic_12
1950 - A smoke pall from western Canada forest fires covered much of the eastern U.S. Daylight was reduced to nighttime darkness in parts of the Northeast. The color of the sun varied from pink to purple, blue, or lavendar. Yellow to grey-tan was common. (24th-30th) (The Weather Channel)
1955 - Millions tune in to watch Judy Garland make her TV debut on the "Ford Star Jubilee"
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Garland#Hollywood_comeback
1955 - "Ain't That a Shame" by Fats Domino topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain%27t_That_a_Shame
1956 - In Minneapolis-St. Paul, a congregation of worshipers was organized into the first Southern Baptist church to be established in Minnesota.
1957 - Brooklyn Dodgers play last game at Ebbets Field, defeat Pirates 2-0
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebbets_Field
1957 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends 101st Airborne Division troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, to enforce desegregation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine
1960 - "The Twist" by Chubby Checker topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Twist_(song)
1960 - The first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the USS Enterprise, was launched in Newport, Virginia. It was the most astonishing vessel of its time and by far the largest warship in the world. Powered by eight nuclear reactors, it does not need to carry its own fuel oil and so has more room foor aviation fuel and weapons. In 1963, Enterprise and two similarly powered cruisers made a non-stop voyage around the world to demonstrate the viability of nuclear power. Length: 1120 ft, flight deck width: 250 ft, displacement: 93,970 tons. Speed: 33 knots. Range: 470,000 miles at 20 knots.Air wing: 86 aircraft. Crew: 5765
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CVN-65)
1962 - United States court of appeals orders the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Meredith
1964 - Warren Commission report delivered to President Johnson On this day in 1964, President Lyndon B. Johnson receives a special commission’s report on the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, which had occurred on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.
Since the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, was killed by a man named Jack Ruby almost immediately after murdering Kennedy, Oswald’s motive for assassinating the president remained unknown. Seven days after the assassination, Johnson appointed the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy to investigate Kennedy’s death. The commission was led by Chief Justice Earl Warren and became known as the Warren Commission. It concluded that Oswald had acted alone and that the Secret Service had made poor preparations for JFK’s visit to Dallas and had failed to sufficiently protect him.
The circumstances surrounding Kennedy’s death, however, have since given rise to several conspiracy theories involving such disparate characters as the Mafia, Cuban exiles, military leaders and even Lyndon Johnson. The Warren Commission’s conclusion that Oswald was a "lone gunman" failed to satisfy some who witnessed the attack and others whose research found conflicting details in the commission’s report. Critics of the Warren Commission’s report believed that additional ballistics experts’ conclusions and a home movie shot at the scene disputed the theory that three bullets fired from Oswald’s gun could have caused Kennedy’s fatal wounds as well as the injuries to Texas Governor John Connally, who was riding with the president in an open car as it traveled through Dallas’ Dealey Plaza that fateful day. So persistent was the controversy that another congressional investigation was conducted in 1979; that committee reached the same conclusion as the Warren Commission.
During its almost year-long investigation, the Warren Commission reviewed reports by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Secret Service, Department of State and the attorney general of Texas. It also pored over Oswald’s personal history, political affiliations and military record. Overall, the Warren Commission listened to the testimony of 552 witnesses and even traveled to Dallas several times to visit the site where Kennedy was shot. The enormous volume of documentation from the investigation was placed in the National Archives and much of it is now available to the public. Access to Kennedy’s autopsy records, though, are highly restricted. To view them requires membership in a presidential or congressional commission or the permission of the Kennedy family.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Commission
1966 - "Last Train To Clarksville" gives the made-for-TV Monkees a real-life pop hit. When producers Bert Schneider and Bob Rafelson conceived a situation comedy called The Monkees in 1965, they hoped to create a ratings success by blurring the line between pop music and television. Instead, they succeeded in obliterating that line entirely when the pop group that began as a wholly fictional creation went on to rival, however briefly, the success of its real-life inspiration, the Beatles. On this day in 1966, the made-for-television Monkees knocked down the fourth wall decisively when their first single, "Last Train To Clarksville" entered the Billboard Top 40.
"Last Train To Clarksville" was written by the team that was also responsible for the theme song of The Monkees, songwriters Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart. Though Boyce and Hart had been working together in Los Angeles for several years before being asked to write and record the soundtrack for Schneider and Rafelson’s A Hard Day’s Night-inspired pilot, their biggest success to date had been in writing minor hits for Chubby Checker and Paul Revere and the Raiders and in being commissioned to write the theme song for Days Of Our Lives. Their association with The Monkees would end up launching Boyce and Hart on a moderately successful career as performers in the late 1960s and early 1970s. By far their best-known hits, however, were the ones they wrote for the Monkees, including "(I’m Not Your) Steppin’ Stone" and "Last Train To Clarksville."
Just as producers Schneider and Rafelson had reached out to a pair of industry professionals to create the music for the pilot episode of The Monkees, they engaged numerous others to create the other memorable songs in the Monkees’ catalog. Under the musical direction of Don Kirshner, The Monkees featured hits by some of the era’s greatest songwriters, including Neil Diamond, who wrote "I’m A Believer" and "A Little Bit Me, A Little Bit You" (both 1967) and the great husband-and-wife team of Gerry Goffin and Carole King, who wrote "Daydream Believer" (1967). Numerous other Monkees songs were written by such songwriting luminaries as Cynthia Mann and Barry Weill, Harry Nilsson and Carole Bayer Sager and Neil Sedaka.
By the time their third album was released, the real-life Monkees—Davy Jones, Michael Nesmith, Mickey Dolenz and Peter Tork—had taken over creative control of their musical output, including taking on much of the songwriting. Although they would release seven more studio albums, none would contain hits as successful or memorable as the one that gave the group its breakthrough on September 24, 1966.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_train_to_clarksville
1968 - 60 Minutes debuts on CBS.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60_Minutes
www.youtube.com/user/60minutes?feature=results_main
1969 - The "Chicago Seven" go on trial. The trial of the "Chicago Seven" begins before Judge Julius Hoffman. The defendants, including David Dellinger of the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam (MOBE); Rennie Davis and Tom Hayden of MOBE and Students for a Democratic Society (SDS); and Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman of the Youth International Party (Yippies), were accused of conspiring to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention.
At the height of the antiwar and civil rights movements, these young leftists had organized protest marches and rock concerts at the Democratic National Convention. During the event, clashes broke out between the protesters and the police and eventually turned into full-scale rioting, complete with tear gas and police beatings. The press, already there to cover the Democratic convention, denounced the overreaction by police and Chicago Mayor Richard Daley's handling of the situation.
The Chicago Seven were indicted for violating the Rap Brown law, which had been tagged onto the Civil Rights Bill earlier that year by conservative senators. The law made it illegal to cross state lines in order to riot or to conspire to use interstate commerce to incite rioting. President Johnson's attorney general, Ramsey Clark, refused to prosecute the case.
Although Bobby Seale of the Black Panthers was originally a defendant in the trial as well, he angrily denounced Judge Hoffman as a racist for denying his request for a separate trial. He wanted to be represented by his own lawyer, who was recovering from surgery at the time, so he loudly protested by attempting to examine his own witnesses. Judge Hoffman took the unusual measure of having Seale bound and gagged at the defendant's table before eventually separating his trial and sentencing him to 48 months in prison.
With encouragement from defense attorney William Kunstler, the seven other defendants did whatever they could to disrupt the trial through such acts as reading poetry and chanting Hare Krishna. While the jury was deliberating their verdict, Judge Hoffman held the defendants in contempt of court for their behavior and sentenced them to up to 29 months in jail. Kunstler received a four-year sentence, partly for calling Hoffman's court a "medieval torture chamber." Five of the Chicago Seven were convicted of lesser charges.
In 1970, the convictions and contempt charges against the Chicago Seven were overturned on appeal. Abbie Hoffman remained a well-known counterculture activist until his death in 1989. Tom Hayden went on to marry actress Jane Fonda and is still a prominent liberal politician in California, currently married to actress Barbara Williams.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Seven
1972 - Lightning struck a man near Waldport, OR, a young man who it so happens was carrying thirty-five pieces of dynamite. (The Weather Channel)
1970 - First Automated return of lunar sample by Luna 16
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_16
1975 An International Lutheran Laymen’s League regional workshop for Lutheran Hour managers was held at Beirut, Lebanon, through 28 September. A civil war between Lebanese Christians and Muslims also reached its peak during the same five days. Only two of the seven managers were able to make it into the Beirut airport. The two LCMS missionaries, Dennis Hilgendorf and John Stelling, were nearby, so a “miniconference” was held. William Kniffel, director of Lutheran Hour International Operations, said that the fighting in the streets of Beirut was so heavy that the LLL representative, Morris Jahshan, could not make it across the city to attend the meeting. Jahshan had returned to his home in Beirut only twelve days earlier after spending eighteen months studying at Southern Illinois University in Edwardsville, Illinois.
1977 - Rev. John T. Walker was installed as the sixth -- and first African American -- bishop of the Episcopal diocese in Washington, D.C
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Walker
1987 - The first full day of autumn proved to be a pleasant one for much of the nation, with sunny skies and mild temperatures. Thunderstorms again formed over Florida and the southwestern deserts, and also formed along a cold front in the northeastern U.S. A storm spotter at Earp CA sighted a couple of funnel clouds, one on the California side of the state line, and the other on the Arizona side. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - The Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts elected Barbara C. Harris, 58, as a suffragen (assistant) bishop, making her the first woman to be so ordained in the Anglican communion.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Harris_(bishop)
1988 - Thunderstorms developing along a stationary front produced large hail and damaging winds in the southeastern U.S., with reports of severe weather most numerous in North Carolina. Golf ball size hail was reported at Tick Creek and a number of other locations in North Carolina. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 - Forty-seven cities between the Rockies and the Appalachians reported record low temperatures for the date. Lows of 38 degrees at Abilene TX, 34 degrees at Jackson KY, and 36 degrees at Midland TX established records for the month of September. The low of 36 degrees at Midland smashed their previous record for the date by thirteen degrees. Fayetteville AR and Springfield MO reported their earliest freeze of record. Thunderstorms produced torrential rains in northeastern Florida. Jacksonville was deluged with 11.40 inches of rain, and flash flooding resulted in two deaths. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1990 - Periodic Great White Spot is observed on Saturn.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_White_Spot
1996 - U.S. President Bill Clinton signs the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the United Nations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty
2005 - Hurricane Rita reached the Texas/Louisiana border area near Sabine Pass as a category-3 hurricane with maximum sustained winds near 120 mph. A storm surge of at least 15 feet flooded parts of Cameron, Jefferson Davis, Terrebonne and Vermilion parishes, where sugar cane crop losses were estimated near $300 million. An 8-foot storm surge in New Orleans overtopped the provisionally-repaired levees (from Hurricane Katrina damage) and caused additional flooding. A total of 10 fatalities were reported, and preliminary damage estimates ranged between $4-5 billion.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Rita
2008 - The Trump International Hotel and Tower in Chicago is topped off at 1,389 feet (423 m), at the time becoming the world's highest residence above ground-level.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(Chicago)
Births
1755 - John Marshall Va, 4th Supreme Court Chief Justice (1801-35)
1827 - General Henry Slocum Union General Henry Slocum is born in Delphi, New York.
In 1852, Slocum graduated from the U.S. Military Academy, seventh in his class of 42. He remained in the military for just four years, serving in Florida and South Carolina. In 1856, he left the service to study law, and by 1858 he had established a practice in Syracuse.
After serving in the New York State assembly, Slocum became a lieutenant colonel in the New York State militia. When war broke out, he received command of the 27th New York Infantry and was commissioned colonel. Slocum fought at the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861. Although he was wounded and his regiment suffered 130 casualties out of about 800 present, his star rose rapidly in the Army of the Potomac. He was promoted to brigadier general after Bull Run, and by the time the army embarked on the Peninsular campaign in May 1862, he was a major general. In October 1862, Slocum received command of the army's XII corps.
During the Chancellorsville campaign of May 1863, Slocum had developed an intense dislike for General Joseph Hooker, who was commander of the Army of the Potomac at the time. After the Yankees were dealt a humiliating defeat at the hands of an outnumbered Confederate army, Slocum participated in a movement to have Hooker removed. Although he played a key role at the Battle of Gettysburg in July, Slocum's corps was placed under Hooker's command in September in order to reinforce Union troops in Chattanooga, Tennessee, after the Battle of Chickamauga. Rather than serve under Hooker, Slocum resigned. However, his resignation was not accepted, and he was sent to command forces at Vicksburg, Mississippi.
After Hooker left the army, Slocum returned to command his old corps, which was now part of General William T. Sherman's army. Selected to command one wing of the Federal army during Sherman's famous "March to the Sea," Slocum remained with Sherman as the Yankees pacified the Carolinas, and was present at the surrender of General Joseph Johnston's army at the end of the war.
Slocum resigned his commission in 1865 and returned to New York. He practiced law in New York City and served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1868 to 1873 and again from 1883 to 1885. He died in Brooklyn, New York, in 1894.
1829 - Charles S. West, Texas jurist and politician (d 1885)
1868 Henry H. Milman (d 24 Sep 1868) One of the most difficult feats for any historian to accomplish, is to see the best in everyone--even in those historical figures with whom he disagrees. By common consensus, Henry Hart Milman, writing in the middle of the nineteenth century, did that better than most.
Near the beginning of his best-known work, the eight-volume History of Latin Christianity, Henry wrote, "I presume not, neither is it the office of the historian, to limit the blessings of our religion either in this world or the world to come; 'there is One who will know his own.' As an historian I can disfranchise none who claim, even on the slightest grounds, the privileges and hopes of Christianity: repudiate [disown] none who do not place themselves without the pale of believers and worshippers of Christ, or of God through Christ."
Henry was born in London in 1791. His father was a baronet and Henry received a top-notch education at Greenwich, Eton and Oxford. His earliest efforts in literature were poetry, which included his prize-winning poem "The Apollo Belvidere" with its quotable line: "And the cold marble leapt to life a God." But Henry also wrote hymns.
His best-known hymn was "When Our Heads Are Bowed with Woe:"
When our heads are bowed with woe,
When our bitter tears o'erflow,
When we mourn the lost, the dear,
Jesus, Son of Mary, hear!
Thou our throbbing flesh hast worn,
Thou our mortal griefs hast borne,
Thou hast shed the human tear,
Jesus, Son of Mary, hear!
Another of his hymns to Christ, "Ride on, Ride on, in Majesty" is sung on Palm Sunday.
In 1817, Henry was ordained as a priest in the Church of England. Two years earlier, he had published "Fazio" a poetic drama. Without his knowledge, it was staged under the name "The Italian Wife," and was fairly successful, as were several other dramas and dramatic poems that he wrote. None of them carry much weight now. Neither does his history of the Jews, which was controversial at the time--it told their story without emphasis on the Bible's miracles. He broke new ground by translating Sanscrit poetry into English, but his understanding of Sanscrit wasn't good enough to make his translations last. He also edited Gibbons' Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire and wrote a biography of that great historian. (His own style was strongly influenced by Gibbon.)
Through influential backers, Henry was awarded high positions in the Church of England. When he died on this day, September 24, 1868, he was dean of St. Paul's Cathedral in London. Naturally, he wrote a history of the building. A scholar rather than an evangelist, he was distrusted by many of his contemporaries, who doubted whether he stood solidly for the truth of the Bible. But the Dictionary of National Biography declares that he "permanently raised the standard of ecclesiastical history."
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630547/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_H._Milman
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/m/i/l/milman_hh.htm
1880 - Sarah Knauss, Oldest lived American ever (d. 1999)
1891 - William Frederick Friedman (d 1969) American, one of the world's greatest cryptologists, who helped decipher enemy codes from World War I to World War II. He was born as Wolfe Friedman.in Kishinev, Russia. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1893. Originally trained as an agricultural geneticist, he had become interested in cryptology. During World War I, with his wife Elizebeth, he set up a cryptology school for military personnel, which led to appointment by the U.S. as head of the Signal Intelligence Service (1930). He broke the Japanese "Purple" code (1937-40), thus allowing Americans to read much of Japan's secret messages during World War II.
1895 - André Frédéric Cournand (d 1988) French-American physician and physiologist who was one of three who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system". Cournand helped develop the technique by which a catheter (a flexible tube) could be threaded through a vein into the heart to withdraw blood samples to determine cardiac abnormalities. In addition, it permits the measurement of blood pressure, blood flow or gas concentrations in various parts of the cardiac circulatory system (atrium, ventricles, or artery). This gives valuable information in the treatment of heart disease, defect or injury
1896 - F Scott Fitzgerald St Paul Minn, author (Great Gatsby)
1898 - Charlotte Moore Sitterly (d 1990) American astrophysicist who organized, analyzed, and published definitive books on the solar spectrum and spectral line multiplets. From 1945 to age 90, she conducted this work at the U.S. National Bureau of Standards and the Naval Research Laboratory. She detected that technetium, an unstable element (previously known only as a result of laboratory experiments with nuclear reactions) exists in nature. She made major contributions to the compilation of tables for atomic-energy levels associated with optical spectra, which are now standard reference material. As instruments carried in space rockets provided new data in the ultraviolet, she extended these tables beyond the optical range. She was awarded the Bruce Medal in 1990.
1905 - Severo Ochoa de Albornoz (d 1993) Spanish-American biochemist and molecular biologist, co-recipient of the 1959 Nobel laureate for his discovery of an enzyme in bacteria that enabled him to synthesize ribonucleic acid (RNA), a substance of central importance to the synthesis of proteins by the cell. Ochoa's enzyme produces ribonucleic acids from ribonucleotides having twice the ratio of phosphoric acid residues as that contained in ribonucleic acid. The RNA is formed by splitting out half of the phosphoric acid residues, and linking the nucleotides together to form large molecules.
1907 - John Ray Dunning (d 1975)American nuclear physicist whose experiments in nuclear fission helped lay the groundwork for the development of the atomic bomb. After the fission of the rare U235 uranium isotope was verified in an experiment using a microscopic quantity, (0.02 millionths of a gram), great difficulty remained in separating U235 from the more abundant U238. Dr. John R. Dunning led the research team at Columbia University which studied the gaseous diffusion method for uranium separation. This process was based on the slightly smaller size of the U235 isotope molecules. When pushed through a porous barrier, U235 would move through faster, and several repetitions would produce almost pure U235
1920 - Richard Bong, American ace fighter pilot and Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1945)
1921 - Jim McKay Philadelphia Pa, sportscaster (ABC's Wide World of Sports)
1922 - Cornell MacNeil Minneapolis, Minnesota, American operatic baritone known for his exceptional voice and long career with the Metropolitan Opera, which spanned 642 performances in twenty-six roles. Among his teachers were Friedrich Schorr and Dick Marzollo. He debuted with various companies in the United States from 1953 (including the New York City Opera) and at Teatro alla Scala and the Metropolitan in 1959. In 1969 he became president of the American Guild of Musical Artists.
1930 - John Watts Young American astronaut who was the commander of the first ever Space Shuttle mission (STS-1, 12 Apr 1981), walked on the Moon during the Apollo 16 mission (21 Apr 1972), made the first manned flight of the Gemini spacecraft with Virgil Grissom. He became the first person to fly into space six times in a career that was one of the busiest of any NASA astronaut. He piloted four different classes of spacecraft: Gemini, Apollo Command and Service Module, Apollo Lunar Module and the Space Shuttle. Young worked for NASA for 42 years and retired on 31 Dec 2004 at the age of 74.
1936 - Jim Henson Greenville Miss, muppeteer (Sesame Street, Muppet Show)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Henson
1945 - Lou Dobbs, American journalist and television anchor
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Dobbs
1946 - "Mean" Joe Greene NFL tackle (Pitts Steelers), Coke spokesman
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Greene_(American_football)
Palmeiro in a Spring Training game for the Baltimore Orioles against the Boston Red Sox, 2005.
1964 - Rafael Palmeiro, Cuban-born baseball player
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Palmeiro
Deaths
1815 -John Sevier Indian fighter, dies at 70
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sevier
1875 William Walker, hymnist, (b 6 May 1809, Martin’s Mills, South Carolina).
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/w/a/l/walker_w.htm
1881 Theodore Julius Brohm, Missouri Synod founder and leader, (b 12 Sep 1808).
1930 - William Diller Matthew (b 1871) Canadian-American vertebrate paleontologist who made major contributions to the mammalian palaeontology of Asia and North America including his theory (195) that a majority of mammalian orders and families originated in Northern Hemisphere and subsequently spread southward. He also recognized that the early isolation of Australia's land mass explained the development of very different faunas there. He worked at the American Museum of Natural History from 1895 to 1927
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Diller_Matthew
1991 - Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss), American children's writer (b 1904)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Seuss_Geisel
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day:
Gerard Sagredo
Our Lady of Mercy and its related observances:
La Mercè (Barcelona)
Our Lady of Walsingham (Church of England)
Rupert of Salzburg
September 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Protomartyr and Equal-to-the-Apostles Thekla (1st century)
Venerable Nicander, hermit of Pskov (1581)
New-martyr of Alaska, Priest-monk Juvenaly
New-martyr of Alaska, Peter the Aleut, at the hands of Roman Catholics in San Francisco (1815)
Saint Silouan, elder of Mount Athos (1938) (celebrated Sep 11 on Old Calendar due to the year of his repose)
Venerable Dorothy of Kashin
Saint Coprius of Palestine (530)
Righteous Euphrosyne, daughter of Saint Paphnutius of Egypt
Saint Abramius, abbot of Mirozh in Pskov (1158)
Martyr Galacteon, monk of Vologda (1612)
Saints Stephen (monastic name Simon), David, and Vladislav of Serbia (1230-1239)
Saint Ahmet the Neo-Martyr, who'd been a Turkish convert to Orthodoxy in Ottoman Istanbul.
Other Commemorations
Repose of Schema-archimandrite Gabriel of Pskov-Eleazar Monastery (1915)
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www.christianity.com/churchhistory/
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0924.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_24_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.history.com/this-day-in-history
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_24
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_24.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl