Post by farmgal on Sept 21, 2012 11:18:57 GMT -5
September 22nd is the 266th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 100 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 45
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
It is frequently the day of the Autumnal Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and the day of the Vernal Equinox in the Southern Hemisphere.
1530 Philipp Melanchthon's Apology [Defense] of the Augsburg Confession was read to the Estates and rejected by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who gave the Lutherans until 15 April 1531 to submit to the papists or “lose life, goods and honor.”
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon
1601 - The first (Catholic) priests of the newly established Christian Church in Japan -- Sebastian Chimura and Aloysius Niabara -- were ordained in their hometown of Nagasaki.
1692 - During the famous Salem Witch Trials, the last 8 "witches" were hanged in Massachusetts. When the turmoil finally settled, 13 women and 7 men had been executed, and over 150 others remained in jail through the next summer.
1734 “The Confessors of the Glory of Christ,” followers of the 16th century Polish reformer Caspar Schwenckfeld (1490–1561), settled in the Pennsylvania Dutch countryside.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_Schwenckfeld
1776 - Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during American Revolution.
1784 - Russian trappers established a colony on Kodiak Island, AK
1789 - The office of United States Postmaster General is established.
1795 The London Missionary Society was organized.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Missionary_Society
1817 - John Quincy Adams becomes Secretary of State
1823 - Joseph Smith, Jr. claims that he is directed by God through the Angel Moroni to the place where the Golden plates were buried.
1851 - The city of Des Moines, Iowa is incorporated as Fort Des Moines.
1851 - The first time train dispatching by telegraph in the U.S. took place when superintendent Charles Minot, of the Erie Railroad telegraphed 14 miles to Goshen, N.Y., to delay a train so that his train would not have to wait. Within weeks, all Erie trains were controlled by the telegraphed orders of a train dispatcher. Until that time the timetable was the sole authority for moving trains on the line. The "time interval rule" was cumbersome: a train had to wait one hour for an opposing train. If the train still didn't arrive, the brakeman on the waiting train must walk for 20 minutes ahead of his train with a red flag to stop the late train. The engineer of the waiting train would then operate to catch up to the brakeman. The routine was repeated as necessary.
Henry Louis Stephens, untitled watercolor (c. 1863) of a man reading a newspaper with headline "Presidential Proclamation / Slavery".
1862 - President Lincoln, says he will free slaves in all states on Jan 1. On this day in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which sets a date for the freedom of more than 3 million black slaves in the United States and recasts the Civil War as a fight against slavery.
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, shortly after Lincoln's inauguration as America's 16th president, he maintained that the war was about restoring the Union and not about slavery. He avoided issuing an anti-slavery proclamation immediately, despite the urgings of abolitionists and radical Republicans, as well as his personal belief that slavery was morally repugnant. Instead, Lincoln chose to move cautiously until he could gain wide support from the public for such a measure.
In July 1862, Lincoln informed his cabinet that he would issue an emancipation proclamation but that it would exempt the so-called border states, which had slaveholders but remained loyal to the Union. His cabinet persuaded him not to make the announcement until after a Union victory. Lincoln's opportunity came following the Union win at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. On September 22, the president announced that slaves in areas still in rebellion within 100 days would be free.
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation, which declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebel states "are, and henceforward shall be free." The proclamation also called for the recruitment and establishment of black military units among the Union forces. An estimated 180,000 African Americans went on to serve in the army, while another 18,000 served in the navy.
After the Emancipation Proclamation, backing the Confederacy was seen as favoring slavery. It became impossible for anti-slavery nations such as Great Britain and France, who had been friendly to the Confederacy, to get involved on behalf of the South. The proclamation also unified and strengthened Lincoln's party, the Republicans, helping them stay in power for the next two decades.
The proclamation was a presidential order and not a law passed by Congress, so Lincoln then pushed for an antislavery amendment to the U.S. Constitution to ensure its permanence. With the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865, slavery was eliminated throughout America (although blacks would face another century of struggle before they truly began to gain equal rights).
Lincoln's handwritten draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation was destroyed in the Chicago Fire of 1871. Today, the original official version of the document is housed in the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation
1888 - The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine
1890 - A severe hailstorm struck Strawberry, AZ. Fives days after the storm hail still lay in drifts 12 to 18 inches deep. (The Weather Channel)
1891 The English Synod of the Northwest was organized in Saint Paul, Minnesota, by pastors who had worked under the Home Mission Board of the General Council, of which William Passavant was chairman.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=N&word=NORTHWESTSYNOD
1893 - The first American-made automobile, built by the Duryea Brothers, is displayed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duryea_Brothers
1903 - Italo Marchiony files patent for the ice cream cone
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream_cone
1906 - Race riot in Atlanta Georgia (10 blacks & 2 whites killed)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Race_Riot
1911 - Cy Young at 44, wins his 511th & final game
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cy_Young
1913 - Des Moines, IA, experienced their earliest freeze of record. (The Weather Channel)
1919 - The steel strike of 1919, led by the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, begins in Pennsylvania before spreading across the United States.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_strike_of_1919
1927 - Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Dempsey
1931 C.S. Lewis' Sidecar Conversion. Individuals have surrendered their lives to Christ in all sorts of places. The revivalist Charles G. Finney converted in a woods; John Newton, author of the hymn "Amazing Grace," repented while lashed to a ship's wheel in a storm; Chuck Colson, founder of Prison Ministries, asked God into his life while crying in a car on a roadside. C. S. Lewis converted while riding to a zoo in his brother's motorcycle side car.
"When we set out I did not believe that Jesus is the Son of God and when we reached the zoo I did." Jack (as he preferred to be called) had earlier become a theist--one who believes there is a God. He was converted to full Christianity on this day, September 22, 1931 following a long talk he'd had on the 19th with two Christian friends: J. R. R. Tolkien and Hugo Dyson.
Tolkien, who was soon to create the most imitated fantasy of our century, The Lord of the Rings, argued that even some myths can originate in God, preserving truth, however distorted. One might do God's work by writing myths. Lewis doubted myths embodied truth at all. The three argued until 3 A.M. when Tolkien went home. Dyson and Lewis walked and talked some more. Dyson insisted Christianity works. It puts the believer at peace, frees him of sin, and provides outside help to straighten him out.
On Christmas Day, C. S. Lewis joined the church and took communion. He felt that faith had given him a solid footing; he had lacked a sense of direction for his talent. By the middle of 1932 he had written the first of the many books which made him one of the best-loved 20th century Christian apologists: The Pilgrim's Regress. He would go on to create his own wonderful fantasy world: Narnia.
Asked to present a series of radio talks, he gave the broadcasts which were brought together in his book Mere Christianity. These include probably the most famous quotation of all apologetics: "A man who was merely a man and said the sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher. He would either be a lunatic--on the level with a man who says he is a poached egg--or else he would be the devil of hell. You must make your choice. Either he was and is the Son of God: or else a madman or something worse. You can shut him up for a fool, you can spit at him and kill him as a demon; or you can fall at his feet and call Him Lord and God. But let us not come with any patronizing nonsense about his being a great human teacher. He has not left that open to us. He did not intend to."
Lewis married an American divorcee, Joy Gresham. She contracted a painful cancer. The story of her dying and his grief has twice been filmed as Shadowlands.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630750/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.S._Lewis
1941 - World War II: On Jewish New Year Day, the German SS murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsya, Ukraine. Those are the survivors of the previous killings that took place a few days earlier in which about 24,000 Jews were executed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnytsia#History
1944 - World War II: the Red Army enters Tallinn.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn#History
1950 - Omar N Bradley promoted to rank of 5-star general
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Bradley
1950 - Basil and Esther Miller incorporated World-Wide Missions in California. Headquartered today in Pasadena, this evangelical missions agency specializes in providing relief and medical aid to over 30 countries worldwide.
www.world-widemissions.org/history.html
1951 - The first live sporting event seen coast-to-coast in the United States, a college football game between Duke and the University of Pittsburgh, is televised on NBC
1953 - The famous “four-level” opens in Los Angeles. On September 22, 1953, the first four-level (or “stack”) interchange in the world opens in Los Angeles, California, at the intersection of the Harbor, Hollywood, Pasadena, and Santa Ana freeways. It was, as The Saturday Evening Post wrote, “a mad motorist’s dream”: 32 lanes of traffic weaving in eight directions at once. Today, although the four-level is justly celebrated as a civil engineering landmark, the interchange is complicated, frequently congested, and sometimes downright terrifying. (As its detractors are fond of pointing out, it’s probably no coincidence that this highway octopus straddles not only a fetid sulfur spring but also the former site of the town gallows.)
Before the L.A. four-level was built, American highway interchanges typically took the form of a cloverleaf, with four circular ramps designed to let motorists merge from one road to another without braking. But cloverleafs were dangerous, because people merging onto the highway and people merging off of the highway had to jockey for space in the same lane. Four-level interchanges, by contrast, eliminate this looping cross-traffic by stacking long arcs and straightaways on top of one another. As a result, each of their merges only goes in one direction--which means, at least in theory, that they are safer and more efficient.
When the iconic Hollywood-Harbor-Pasadena-Santa Ana four-level was born, it was the most expensive half-mile of highway in the world, costing $5.5 million to build. (Today, highway engineers estimate, $5.5 million would pay for just 250 feet of urban freeway.) Roadbuilders disemboweled an entire neighborhood--4,000 people lost their homes--and excavated most of the hill it stood on, dumping the rubble in the nearby Chavez Ravine, where Dodger Stadium stands today.
Though its design has inspired dozens of freeway interchanges across the United States, many Angelenos dread their encounters with the four-level: It’s as crowded (500,000 drivers use it every day), stressful and treacherous as the cloverleafs of yesteryear. Still, it’s an indispensable part of the fabric and the mythology of Los Angeles.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Four-way_interchanges
1956 "Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel" by Elvis Presley topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hound_Dog_(song)
1961 - Hurricane Esther made a near complete circle south of Cape Cod. The hurricane then passed over Cape Cod and hit Maine. Its energy was largely spent over the North Atlantic Ocean, however, heavy rains over Maine resulted in widespread local flooding of cellars, low roads, and underpasses. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Esther
1964 "Fiddler on the Roof" opens on Broadway, runs 3,242 performances
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof
1968 - Twins' Cesar Tovar pitched a hitless inning & plays all 9 positions
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Tovar
1969 - SF Giant Willie Mays, becomes 2nd player to hit HR # 600.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Mays
1975 - Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is foiled by Oliver Sipple.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Jane_Moore
1977 - Minnesota Twin Bert Blyleven no-hits California Angels, 9-0
1983 - Forty-one cities reported record cold temperatures during the morning. Houston, TX, hit 50 degrees, and Williston ND plunged to 19 degrees. (The Weather Channel)
1987 - Hurricane Emily, the first hurricane to roam the Carribean in nearly six years, made landfall over the Dominican Republic late in the day, packing 125 mph winds. Emily killed three persons and caused thirty million dollars damage. A record high of 92 degrees at Miami FL was their fifth in a row. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1987)
1988 - An early morning thunderstorm produced baseball size hail at Plainview, in Hale County TX. Late in the evening more thunderstorms in the Southern High Plains Region produced wind gusts to 75 mph at Plainview TX and Crosby TX. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Hurricane Hugo quickly lost strength over South Carolina, but still was a tropical storm as it crossed into North Carolina, just west of Charlotte, at about 7 AM. Winds around Charlotte reached 69 mph, with gusts to 99 mph. Eighty percent of the power was knocked out to Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. Property damage in North Carolina was 210 million dollars, and damage to crops was 97 million dollars. The strongest storm surge occurred along the southern coast shortly after midnight, reaching nine feet above sea level at ocean Isle and Sunset Beach. Hugo killed one person and injured fifteen others in North Carolina. Strong northwesterly winds ushered unseasonably cold air into the north central U.S., in time for the official start of autumn, at 8:20 PM (CDT). Squalls produced light snow in northern Wisconsin. Winds in Wisconsin gusted to 52 mph at Rhinelander. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo
The Psalms Scroll, designated 11Q5, with transcription.
1991 - The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time by the Huntington Library.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls
1993 - A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, causing the deadliest train wreck in Amtrak history. 47 passengers are killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bayou_Canot_train_disaster
1995 - An E-3B AWACS crashes outside Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska after multiple bird strikes to two of the four engines soon after takeoff; all 24 on board are killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry#Incidents_and_accidents
2005 - For the first time in the historical record, two hurricanes reached category-5 intensity in the Gulf of Mexico in a single season as Hurricane Rita intensified before making landfall (Katrina and Rita).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Rita
2006 - The F-14 Tomcat is retired from the United States Navy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat
Births
1290 - "Bilbo Baggins" (in Shire Reconning)
1791 - Michael Faraday Newington, England (d 1867)English, discovered principle of electric motor,. As the son of an impoverished blacksmith, he was sometimes given one loaf of bread and told to make it last all week. He early went to work, and while binding books read an article by Sir Humphrey Davey which impelled him to seek a position as Davey's assistant. Faraday went on to make great discoveries in electro-magnetism and chemistry. This is well known. Less well-known is Faraday's deep Christian faith which led him to make his confession at 29 and to become a preacher after he was eleted an elder of his church at the age of 48.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday
1865 Ambrose J. Tomlinson, Westfield, Indiana (d 1943) American pentecostal church leader.
www.fwselijah.com/tomlinso.htm
www.fwselijah.com/tomlinso.htm
1877 - Victor Ernest Shelford (d 1968) American zoologist and the most prominent animal ecologist of his generation who was primarily responsible for introducing animals into studies of climax communities and the successions leading to them. Succession in the Indiana Dunes was one of his early significant studies. He was influential in creating ecology as a distinct scientific discipline, with books such as his Animal Communities in Temperate America (1913). Shelford developed the biome concept in Bio-ecology (1939, with Frederic E. Clements) and contributed to the areas of physiological and population ecology. He was involved in the preservation of natural communities and founded the Ecologist's Union, which later became the Nature Conservancy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Ernest_Shelford
1885 - Erich von Stroheim (d 1957) Austrian-born film star of the silent era, subsequently noted as an auteur for his directorial work. As an actor, he is noted for his arrogant Teutonic character parts which led him to be described as "not a character actor, but what a character!". Playing villainous German roles during the Great War, he became known as "The Man You Love to Hate".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_von_Stroheim
1895 - Paul Muni, (born Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund, Polish-born actor (d 1967)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Muni
1900 - William Spratling, American silversmith, best known for his influence on 20th century Mexican silver design (d. 1967)
William Spratling
1900 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (d. 1985) worked on Manhattan project, instrumental in developing a meth2od of separating U-235 from U-238.
1901 - Charles Brenton Huggins (d 1997) Canadian-born American surgeon and urologist whose investigations demonstrated the relationship between hormones and certain types of cancer. In 1939, Huggins made a very simple inference that led to the development of new forms of cancer therapy. Noting that the prostate gland was under the control of androgens (male sex hormones) he concluded that cancer of the prostate might be treated by preventing the production of androgens. In 1941, he began to inject with female sex hormones to neutralize the effect of androgens produced by the testicles. For his discoveries Huggins received (with Peyton Rous) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1966.
1902 - John Houseman (d 1988) Romanian-born American actor and film producer who became known for his highly publicized collaboration with director Orson Welles from their days in the Federal Theatre Project through to the production of Citizen Kane. But he is perhaps best known for his role as Professor Charles Kingsfield in the TV series The Paper Chase and for his commercials for the brokerage firm Smith Barney.
1903 - Joseph Valachi, American gangster (d. 1971)
1904 - Ellen Church, first American stewardess (d. 1965)
1912 - Alfred G Vanderbilt thoroughbred horse owner (Native Dancer)
1920 - Bob Lemon pitcher (Cleveland Indians)/manager (NY Yankees)
1922 - Chen Ning Yang Chinese-American theoretical physicist who shared the 1957 Nobel Prize for Physics (with Tsung-Dao Lee) for a ground-breaking theory that the weak force between elementary particles did not conserve parity, thus violating a previously accepted law of physics. (Parity holds that the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-handed system.) The theory was subsequently confirmed experimentally by Chien-Shiung Wu in observations of beta decay. Yang is also known for his collaboration with Robert L. Mills. They developed the Yang-Mills fields theory - a mathematical idea for describing interactions among elementary particles and fields.
1927 - Thomas Charles Lasorda Norristown, Pennsylvania former Major League baseball pitcher and manager. 2009 marks his sixth decade in one capacity or another with the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers organization, the longest non-continuous (he played one season with the Kansas City Athletics) tenure anyone has had with the team, edging Dodger broadcaster Vin Scully by a single season. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a manager in 1997.
1932 - Jens Ingemar Johansson (d 2009) Swedish boxer and former heavyweight champion of the world. Johansson was the fifth heavyweight champion born outside the United States. In 1959 he defeated Floyd Patterson by TKO in the third round, after flooring Patterson seven times in that round, to win the World Heavyweight Championship.
1941 - Jeremiah Wright, American pastor
1956 - Debby Boone, American singer
1958 - Neil Cavuto, American television commentator
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Cavuto
1959 - Tai Babilonia, American figure skater
Deaths
1662 John Biddle, (b 14 Jan 1615). English theologian, often called "the Father of English Unitarianism".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Biddle_(Unitarian)
Drawing of Martha Corey and her prosecutors[/center]
1692 - Martha Corey, hanged as a result of the Salem witch trials. She was tThe last eight of twenty condemned “witches” were hanged in Salem, Massachusetts, during the famous witch trials of 1692. Thirteen women and seven men were executed in all.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Corey
1774 Pope Clement XIV (b 31 Oct 1705). At the time of his election, he was the only Franciscan friar in the College of Cardinals.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV
1776 - Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War captain, hanged by the British as a spy (b. 1755)
1777 - John Bartram (b 1699) American explorer who is also regarded as the father of American botany, a subject he self-taught from the age of ten. He made a systematic study of healing plants. In 1728, Bartram bought land beside the Schuylkill River at Kingsessing, outside Philadelphia, created Bartram's Garden, and began likely the first experiments in hybridizing in America. (His Garden now forms part of Philadelphia's small park system - the oldest living botanical garden in the U.S. - where many giant trees may still be seen that he planted.) He travelled widely to gather ripe seeds, roots and bulbs in proper condition for transplanting. Shipping many species to introduce in Europe developed into a business. His son William Bartram followed him as a naturalist.
1871 - Charlotte Elliott, 82, English devotional writer and author of the enduring hymn, "Just As I Am." (A serious illness at 33 had left her an invalid her remaining 50 years.) (b 1789)
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/e/l/elliott_c.htm
1881 - Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)
1907 - Wilbur Olin Atwater (b 1844) American scientist who developed agricultural chemistry. Atwater received his PhD from Yale in 1869 for studies on the chemical composition of corn. At Wesleyan College in Connecticut, USA, he studied the effects of fertilizers in farming and established the first agricultural experimental station in the US at Wesleyan in 1875 (which in 1877 became part of the famous Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University). From 1879 to 1882 Atwater determined the chemical composition and nutritive values of fish and animal tissues. During his life, he completed more than 500 energy-balance experiments. They confirmed that the law of conservation of energy governed transformation of matter in both the human body and inanimate world.
1948 - Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey (born 8 Aug 1863)
American ornithologist and author of popular field guides. She preceded Ludlow Griscom in calling for the use of binoculars instead of shotguns when birding. By 1885, she began to write articles focusing on protecting birds. She was horrified by the fashion trend which not only used feathers, but entire birds to decorate women's hats. Five million birds a year were killed to supply this fashion craze. At age 26, Bailey collected and developed the series of articles she had written for the Audubon Magazine into her first book, Birds Through an Opera Glass, (1889). Altogether she published about 100 articles, mostly for ornithological magazines, and 10 books. including the Handbook of Birds of the Western United States (1902) and Birds of New Mexico (1928).
1950 - Merritt Lyndon Fernald (b 1873) American botanist noted for his comprehensive study of the flora of the northeastern United States. In Feb 1891, Fernald was offered a position at the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University that would allow him to work and study part-time at Harvard. He remained at the Gray Herbarium in one capacity or another for the rest of his life, beginning as an assistant, going on to be a professor, eventually as curator of the Gray Herbarium, 1935-37, and director, 1937-1947. Fernald is known for his work on phytogeography. He combined extensive field work with his herbarium work, concentrating on the flora of eastern North America. He did much exploring in Quebec in his younger years; when older, he worked in Virginia.
1961 - Marion Davies, American actress (b. 1897
1965 - Othmar Herman Ammann (b 1876) Swiss-born American engineer and designer of numerous long suspension bridges as the New York Port Authority's Chief Engineer (1929), including the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge over New York harbour, at its completion (1965) the longest single span in the world. The first of six bridges he would design for the city was the George Washington Bridge, completed (1931) at a cost of $59 million, and opened to traffic on 25 Oct. It crosses the Hudson River between New Jersey and New York, and represents a marvel of construction for its time.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othmar_Herman_Ammann
1970 - Alice Hamilton (b 1869) American pathologist, known for her research on industrial diseases. By actively publicizing the danger to workers' health of industrial toxic substances, she contributed to the passage of workmen's compensation laws and to the development of safer working conditions. In 1911, she accepted an appointment as special investigator for the U.S. Bureau of Labor. These duties led her into field investigations of mines, mills, and smelters. Concentrating at first on lead, the most widely used industrial poison, she compiled statistics dramatically documenting the high mortality and morbidity rates of workers. She later did the same for aniline dyes, picric acid, arsenic, carbon monoxide, and many other industrial poisons. Hamilton died when 101 yrs old
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Hamilton
1981 - Harry Warren, American composer and lyricist (b. 1893)
1987 - Dan Rowan, American actor and comedian (b. 1922)
1996 - Dorothy Lamour, (b 1914) American actress
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Lamour
1999 - George C. Scott, American actor (b. 1927)
2001 - Isaac Stern, Ukrainian born violinist (b. 1920)
2002 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch-born writer (b. 1914)
2003 - Alexander Gordon Jump (b 1932) American actor best known as the clueless radio station manager Arthur "Big Guy" Carlson in the TV series WKRP in Cincinnati and the incompetent "Piece of Chalief Tinkler" in the sitcom Soap. He also played the "Maytag Repairman" in commercials for Maytag brand appliances, from 1989 until his retirement from the role in July 2003.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Jump
2004 - Pete Schoening, American mountaineer (b. 1927)
Holidays and observances
American Business Women's Day (United States)
Christian Feast Day:
Candidus
Digna and Emerita
Emmeram of Regensburg
Maurice (Western Church)
Phocas
Salaberga
Theban Legion
Thomas of Villanova
September 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Prophet Jonah (8th century B.C.)
Martyr Thomas, abbot, and 26 martyr-monks: Barsanuphius, Cyril, Micah, Simon, Hilarion, James, Job, Cyprian, Sabbas, James, Martinian, Cosmas, Sergius, Paul, Menas, Ioasaph, Ioanicius, Anthony, Euthymius, Dometian, Partenius, and others of Zographou Monastery on Mount Athos, martyred by the Latins (Roman Catholic Crusaders) (1284)
Hieromartyr Phoca, Bishop of Sinope (102)
Martyr Phocas the Gardener, of Sinope (303)
Venerable Jonah the Presbyter, father of Saint Theophanes the Hymnographer and Saint Theodore Graptus (9th century)
Saint Peter the Tax Collector (6th century)
Saint Jonah, abbot of Yashezersk (1592)
Saint Cosmas of Zograf Monastery (1323)
Martyrs Isaac and Martin
Saint Macarius, abbot of Zhabyn (Belev) (1623)
Saint Theophanes the Silent, recluse of the Kiev Caves
Other Commemorations
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos “She Who Is Quick to Hear”
Repose of Abbot Innocent of Valaam (1828)
Repose of Blessed Parasceva ("Pasha of Sarov"), Fool-for-Christ of Diveyevo Convent (1915)
Some Latter Day Saints recognise it as "Trumpet Day," or the day that Joseph Smith received the golden plates, which later became the Book of Mormon, from the angel Moroni.
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akaCG
www.amug.org/~jpaul/sep22.html
www.history.com/this-day-in-history
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_22
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_22.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_22_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
nethymnal.org/
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0922.htm
www.christianity.com/churchhistory/
There are 100 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 45
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
It is frequently the day of the Autumnal Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere and the day of the Vernal Equinox in the Southern Hemisphere.
1530 Philipp Melanchthon's Apology [Defense] of the Augsburg Confession was read to the Estates and rejected by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who gave the Lutherans until 15 April 1531 to submit to the papists or “lose life, goods and honor.”
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apology_of_the_Augsburg_Confession
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Melanchthon
1601 - The first (Catholic) priests of the newly established Christian Church in Japan -- Sebastian Chimura and Aloysius Niabara -- were ordained in their hometown of Nagasaki.
1692 - During the famous Salem Witch Trials, the last 8 "witches" were hanged in Massachusetts. When the turmoil finally settled, 13 women and 7 men had been executed, and over 150 others remained in jail through the next summer.
1734 “The Confessors of the Glory of Christ,” followers of the 16th century Polish reformer Caspar Schwenckfeld (1490–1561), settled in the Pennsylvania Dutch countryside.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspar_Schwenckfeld
1776 - Nathan Hale is hanged for spying during American Revolution.
1784 - Russian trappers established a colony on Kodiak Island, AK
1789 - The office of United States Postmaster General is established.
1795 The London Missionary Society was organized.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Missionary_Society
1817 - John Quincy Adams becomes Secretary of State
1823 - Joseph Smith, Jr. claims that he is directed by God through the Angel Moroni to the place where the Golden plates were buried.
1851 - The city of Des Moines, Iowa is incorporated as Fort Des Moines.
1851 - The first time train dispatching by telegraph in the U.S. took place when superintendent Charles Minot, of the Erie Railroad telegraphed 14 miles to Goshen, N.Y., to delay a train so that his train would not have to wait. Within weeks, all Erie trains were controlled by the telegraphed orders of a train dispatcher. Until that time the timetable was the sole authority for moving trains on the line. The "time interval rule" was cumbersome: a train had to wait one hour for an opposing train. If the train still didn't arrive, the brakeman on the waiting train must walk for 20 minutes ahead of his train with a red flag to stop the late train. The engineer of the waiting train would then operate to catch up to the brakeman. The routine was repeated as necessary.
Henry Louis Stephens, untitled watercolor (c. 1863) of a man reading a newspaper with headline "Presidential Proclamation / Slavery".
1862 - President Lincoln, says he will free slaves in all states on Jan 1. On this day in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which sets a date for the freedom of more than 3 million black slaves in the United States and recasts the Civil War as a fight against slavery.
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, shortly after Lincoln's inauguration as America's 16th president, he maintained that the war was about restoring the Union and not about slavery. He avoided issuing an anti-slavery proclamation immediately, despite the urgings of abolitionists and radical Republicans, as well as his personal belief that slavery was morally repugnant. Instead, Lincoln chose to move cautiously until he could gain wide support from the public for such a measure.
In July 1862, Lincoln informed his cabinet that he would issue an emancipation proclamation but that it would exempt the so-called border states, which had slaveholders but remained loyal to the Union. His cabinet persuaded him not to make the announcement until after a Union victory. Lincoln's opportunity came following the Union win at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. On September 22, the president announced that slaves in areas still in rebellion within 100 days would be free.
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation, which declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebel states "are, and henceforward shall be free." The proclamation also called for the recruitment and establishment of black military units among the Union forces. An estimated 180,000 African Americans went on to serve in the army, while another 18,000 served in the navy.
After the Emancipation Proclamation, backing the Confederacy was seen as favoring slavery. It became impossible for anti-slavery nations such as Great Britain and France, who had been friendly to the Confederacy, to get involved on behalf of the South. The proclamation also unified and strengthened Lincoln's party, the Republicans, helping them stay in power for the next two decades.
The proclamation was a presidential order and not a law passed by Congress, so Lincoln then pushed for an antislavery amendment to the U.S. Constitution to ensure its permanence. With the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865, slavery was eliminated throughout America (although blacks would face another century of struggle before they truly began to gain equal rights).
Lincoln's handwritten draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation was destroyed in the Chicago Fire of 1871. Today, the original official version of the document is housed in the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation
1888 - The first issue of National Geographic Magazine is published
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine
1890 - A severe hailstorm struck Strawberry, AZ. Fives days after the storm hail still lay in drifts 12 to 18 inches deep. (The Weather Channel)
1891 The English Synod of the Northwest was organized in Saint Paul, Minnesota, by pastors who had worked under the Home Mission Board of the General Council, of which William Passavant was chairman.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=N&word=NORTHWESTSYNOD
1893 - The first American-made automobile, built by the Duryea Brothers, is displayed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duryea_Brothers
1903 - Italo Marchiony files patent for the ice cream cone
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream_cone
1906 - Race riot in Atlanta Georgia (10 blacks & 2 whites killed)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Race_Riot
1911 - Cy Young at 44, wins his 511th & final game
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cy_Young
1913 - Des Moines, IA, experienced their earliest freeze of record. (The Weather Channel)
1919 - The steel strike of 1919, led by the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, begins in Pennsylvania before spreading across the United States.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_strike_of_1919
1927 - Jack Dempsey loses the "Long Count" boxing match to Gene Tunney.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Dempsey
1931 C.S. Lewis' Sidecar Conversion. Individuals have surrendered their lives to Christ in all sorts of places. The revivalist Charles G. Finney converted in a woods; John Newton, author of the hymn "Amazing Grace," repented while lashed to a ship's wheel in a storm; Chuck Colson, founder of Prison Ministries, asked God into his life while crying in a car on a roadside. C. S. Lewis converted while riding to a zoo in his brother's motorcycle side car.
"When we set out I did not believe that Jesus is the Son of God and when we reached the zoo I did." Jack (as he preferred to be called) had earlier become a theist--one who believes there is a God. He was converted to full Christianity on this day, September 22, 1931 following a long talk he'd had on the 19th with two Christian friends: J. R. R. Tolkien and Hugo Dyson.
Tolkien, who was soon to create the most imitated fantasy of our century, The Lord of the Rings, argued that even some myths can originate in God, preserving truth, however distorted. One might do God's work by writing myths. Lewis doubted myths embodied truth at all. The three argued until 3 A.M. when Tolkien went home. Dyson and Lewis walked and talked some more. Dyson insisted Christianity works. It puts the believer at peace, frees him of sin, and provides outside help to straighten him out.
On Christmas Day, C. S. Lewis joined the church and took communion. He felt that faith had given him a solid footing; he had lacked a sense of direction for his talent. By the middle of 1932 he had written the first of the many books which made him one of the best-loved 20th century Christian apologists: The Pilgrim's Regress. He would go on to create his own wonderful fantasy world: Narnia.
Asked to present a series of radio talks, he gave the broadcasts which were brought together in his book Mere Christianity. These include probably the most famous quotation of all apologetics: "A man who was merely a man and said the sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher. He would either be a lunatic--on the level with a man who says he is a poached egg--or else he would be the devil of hell. You must make your choice. Either he was and is the Son of God: or else a madman or something worse. You can shut him up for a fool, you can spit at him and kill him as a demon; or you can fall at his feet and call Him Lord and God. But let us not come with any patronizing nonsense about his being a great human teacher. He has not left that open to us. He did not intend to."
Lewis married an American divorcee, Joy Gresham. She contracted a painful cancer. The story of her dying and his grief has twice been filmed as Shadowlands.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630750/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.S._Lewis
1941 - World War II: On Jewish New Year Day, the German SS murder 6,000 Jews in Vinnytsya, Ukraine. Those are the survivors of the previous killings that took place a few days earlier in which about 24,000 Jews were executed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnytsia#History
1944 - World War II: the Red Army enters Tallinn.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn#History
1950 - Omar N Bradley promoted to rank of 5-star general
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Bradley
1950 - Basil and Esther Miller incorporated World-Wide Missions in California. Headquartered today in Pasadena, this evangelical missions agency specializes in providing relief and medical aid to over 30 countries worldwide.
www.world-widemissions.org/history.html
1951 - The first live sporting event seen coast-to-coast in the United States, a college football game between Duke and the University of Pittsburgh, is televised on NBC
1953 - The famous “four-level” opens in Los Angeles. On September 22, 1953, the first four-level (or “stack”) interchange in the world opens in Los Angeles, California, at the intersection of the Harbor, Hollywood, Pasadena, and Santa Ana freeways. It was, as The Saturday Evening Post wrote, “a mad motorist’s dream”: 32 lanes of traffic weaving in eight directions at once. Today, although the four-level is justly celebrated as a civil engineering landmark, the interchange is complicated, frequently congested, and sometimes downright terrifying. (As its detractors are fond of pointing out, it’s probably no coincidence that this highway octopus straddles not only a fetid sulfur spring but also the former site of the town gallows.)
Before the L.A. four-level was built, American highway interchanges typically took the form of a cloverleaf, with four circular ramps designed to let motorists merge from one road to another without braking. But cloverleafs were dangerous, because people merging onto the highway and people merging off of the highway had to jockey for space in the same lane. Four-level interchanges, by contrast, eliminate this looping cross-traffic by stacking long arcs and straightaways on top of one another. As a result, each of their merges only goes in one direction--which means, at least in theory, that they are safer and more efficient.
When the iconic Hollywood-Harbor-Pasadena-Santa Ana four-level was born, it was the most expensive half-mile of highway in the world, costing $5.5 million to build. (Today, highway engineers estimate, $5.5 million would pay for just 250 feet of urban freeway.) Roadbuilders disemboweled an entire neighborhood--4,000 people lost their homes--and excavated most of the hill it stood on, dumping the rubble in the nearby Chavez Ravine, where Dodger Stadium stands today.
Though its design has inspired dozens of freeway interchanges across the United States, many Angelenos dread their encounters with the four-level: It’s as crowded (500,000 drivers use it every day), stressful and treacherous as the cloverleafs of yesteryear. Still, it’s an indispensable part of the fabric and the mythology of Los Angeles.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange_(road)#Four-way_interchanges
1956 "Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel" by Elvis Presley topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hound_Dog_(song)
1961 - Hurricane Esther made a near complete circle south of Cape Cod. The hurricane then passed over Cape Cod and hit Maine. Its energy was largely spent over the North Atlantic Ocean, however, heavy rains over Maine resulted in widespread local flooding of cellars, low roads, and underpasses. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Esther
1964 "Fiddler on the Roof" opens on Broadway, runs 3,242 performances
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof
1968 - Twins' Cesar Tovar pitched a hitless inning & plays all 9 positions
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesar_Tovar
1969 - SF Giant Willie Mays, becomes 2nd player to hit HR # 600.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willie_Mays
1975 - Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford, but is foiled by Oliver Sipple.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Jane_Moore
1977 - Minnesota Twin Bert Blyleven no-hits California Angels, 9-0
1983 - Forty-one cities reported record cold temperatures during the morning. Houston, TX, hit 50 degrees, and Williston ND plunged to 19 degrees. (The Weather Channel)
1987 - Hurricane Emily, the first hurricane to roam the Carribean in nearly six years, made landfall over the Dominican Republic late in the day, packing 125 mph winds. Emily killed three persons and caused thirty million dollars damage. A record high of 92 degrees at Miami FL was their fifth in a row. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1987)
1988 - An early morning thunderstorm produced baseball size hail at Plainview, in Hale County TX. Late in the evening more thunderstorms in the Southern High Plains Region produced wind gusts to 75 mph at Plainview TX and Crosby TX. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
1989 - Hurricane Hugo quickly lost strength over South Carolina, but still was a tropical storm as it crossed into North Carolina, just west of Charlotte, at about 7 AM. Winds around Charlotte reached 69 mph, with gusts to 99 mph. Eighty percent of the power was knocked out to Charlotte and Mecklenburg County. Property damage in North Carolina was 210 million dollars, and damage to crops was 97 million dollars. The strongest storm surge occurred along the southern coast shortly after midnight, reaching nine feet above sea level at ocean Isle and Sunset Beach. Hugo killed one person and injured fifteen others in North Carolina. Strong northwesterly winds ushered unseasonably cold air into the north central U.S., in time for the official start of autumn, at 8:20 PM (CDT). Squalls produced light snow in northern Wisconsin. Winds in Wisconsin gusted to 52 mph at Rhinelander. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo
The Psalms Scroll, designated 11Q5, with transcription.
1991 - The Dead Sea Scrolls are made available to the public for the first time by the Huntington Library.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls
1993 - A barge strikes a railroad bridge near Mobile, Alabama, causing the deadliest train wreck in Amtrak history. 47 passengers are killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bayou_Canot_train_disaster
1995 - An E-3B AWACS crashes outside Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska after multiple bird strikes to two of the four engines soon after takeoff; all 24 on board are killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing_E-3_Sentry#Incidents_and_accidents
2005 - For the first time in the historical record, two hurricanes reached category-5 intensity in the Gulf of Mexico in a single season as Hurricane Rita intensified before making landfall (Katrina and Rita).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Rita
2006 - The F-14 Tomcat is retired from the United States Navy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-14_Tomcat
Births
1290 - "Bilbo Baggins" (in Shire Reconning)
1791 - Michael Faraday Newington, England (d 1867)English, discovered principle of electric motor,. As the son of an impoverished blacksmith, he was sometimes given one loaf of bread and told to make it last all week. He early went to work, and while binding books read an article by Sir Humphrey Davey which impelled him to seek a position as Davey's assistant. Faraday went on to make great discoveries in electro-magnetism and chemistry. This is well known. Less well-known is Faraday's deep Christian faith which led him to make his confession at 29 and to become a preacher after he was eleted an elder of his church at the age of 48.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday
1865 Ambrose J. Tomlinson, Westfield, Indiana (d 1943) American pentecostal church leader.
www.fwselijah.com/tomlinso.htm
www.fwselijah.com/tomlinso.htm
1877 - Victor Ernest Shelford (d 1968) American zoologist and the most prominent animal ecologist of his generation who was primarily responsible for introducing animals into studies of climax communities and the successions leading to them. Succession in the Indiana Dunes was one of his early significant studies. He was influential in creating ecology as a distinct scientific discipline, with books such as his Animal Communities in Temperate America (1913). Shelford developed the biome concept in Bio-ecology (1939, with Frederic E. Clements) and contributed to the areas of physiological and population ecology. He was involved in the preservation of natural communities and founded the Ecologist's Union, which later became the Nature Conservancy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Ernest_Shelford
1885 - Erich von Stroheim (d 1957) Austrian-born film star of the silent era, subsequently noted as an auteur for his directorial work. As an actor, he is noted for his arrogant Teutonic character parts which led him to be described as "not a character actor, but what a character!". Playing villainous German roles during the Great War, he became known as "The Man You Love to Hate".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_von_Stroheim
1895 - Paul Muni, (born Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund, Polish-born actor (d 1967)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Muni
1900 - William Spratling, American silversmith, best known for his influence on 20th century Mexican silver design (d. 1967)
William Spratling
1900 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (d. 1985) worked on Manhattan project, instrumental in developing a meth2od of separating U-235 from U-238.
1901 - Charles Brenton Huggins (d 1997) Canadian-born American surgeon and urologist whose investigations demonstrated the relationship between hormones and certain types of cancer. In 1939, Huggins made a very simple inference that led to the development of new forms of cancer therapy. Noting that the prostate gland was under the control of androgens (male sex hormones) he concluded that cancer of the prostate might be treated by preventing the production of androgens. In 1941, he began to inject with female sex hormones to neutralize the effect of androgens produced by the testicles. For his discoveries Huggins received (with Peyton Rous) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1966.
1902 - John Houseman (d 1988) Romanian-born American actor and film producer who became known for his highly publicized collaboration with director Orson Welles from their days in the Federal Theatre Project through to the production of Citizen Kane. But he is perhaps best known for his role as Professor Charles Kingsfield in the TV series The Paper Chase and for his commercials for the brokerage firm Smith Barney.
1903 - Joseph Valachi, American gangster (d. 1971)
1904 - Ellen Church, first American stewardess (d. 1965)
1912 - Alfred G Vanderbilt thoroughbred horse owner (Native Dancer)
1920 - Bob Lemon pitcher (Cleveland Indians)/manager (NY Yankees)
1922 - Chen Ning Yang Chinese-American theoretical physicist who shared the 1957 Nobel Prize for Physics (with Tsung-Dao Lee) for a ground-breaking theory that the weak force between elementary particles did not conserve parity, thus violating a previously accepted law of physics. (Parity holds that the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-handed system.) The theory was subsequently confirmed experimentally by Chien-Shiung Wu in observations of beta decay. Yang is also known for his collaboration with Robert L. Mills. They developed the Yang-Mills fields theory - a mathematical idea for describing interactions among elementary particles and fields.
1927 - Thomas Charles Lasorda Norristown, Pennsylvania former Major League baseball pitcher and manager. 2009 marks his sixth decade in one capacity or another with the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers organization, the longest non-continuous (he played one season with the Kansas City Athletics) tenure anyone has had with the team, edging Dodger broadcaster Vin Scully by a single season. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a manager in 1997.
1932 - Jens Ingemar Johansson (d 2009) Swedish boxer and former heavyweight champion of the world. Johansson was the fifth heavyweight champion born outside the United States. In 1959 he defeated Floyd Patterson by TKO in the third round, after flooring Patterson seven times in that round, to win the World Heavyweight Championship.
1941 - Jeremiah Wright, American pastor
1956 - Debby Boone, American singer
1958 - Neil Cavuto, American television commentator
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Cavuto
1959 - Tai Babilonia, American figure skater
Deaths
1662 John Biddle, (b 14 Jan 1615). English theologian, often called "the Father of English Unitarianism".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Biddle_(Unitarian)
Drawing of Martha Corey and her prosecutors[/center]
1692 - Martha Corey, hanged as a result of the Salem witch trials. She was tThe last eight of twenty condemned “witches” were hanged in Salem, Massachusetts, during the famous witch trials of 1692. Thirteen women and seven men were executed in all.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Corey
1774 Pope Clement XIV (b 31 Oct 1705). At the time of his election, he was the only Franciscan friar in the College of Cardinals.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV
1776 - Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War captain, hanged by the British as a spy (b. 1755)
1777 - John Bartram (b 1699) American explorer who is also regarded as the father of American botany, a subject he self-taught from the age of ten. He made a systematic study of healing plants. In 1728, Bartram bought land beside the Schuylkill River at Kingsessing, outside Philadelphia, created Bartram's Garden, and began likely the first experiments in hybridizing in America. (His Garden now forms part of Philadelphia's small park system - the oldest living botanical garden in the U.S. - where many giant trees may still be seen that he planted.) He travelled widely to gather ripe seeds, roots and bulbs in proper condition for transplanting. Shipping many species to introduce in Europe developed into a business. His son William Bartram followed him as a naturalist.
1871 - Charlotte Elliott, 82, English devotional writer and author of the enduring hymn, "Just As I Am." (A serious illness at 33 had left her an invalid her remaining 50 years.) (b 1789)
www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/e/l/elliott_c.htm
1881 - Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (b. 1831)
1907 - Wilbur Olin Atwater (b 1844) American scientist who developed agricultural chemistry. Atwater received his PhD from Yale in 1869 for studies on the chemical composition of corn. At Wesleyan College in Connecticut, USA, he studied the effects of fertilizers in farming and established the first agricultural experimental station in the US at Wesleyan in 1875 (which in 1877 became part of the famous Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University). From 1879 to 1882 Atwater determined the chemical composition and nutritive values of fish and animal tissues. During his life, he completed more than 500 energy-balance experiments. They confirmed that the law of conservation of energy governed transformation of matter in both the human body and inanimate world.
1948 - Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey (born 8 Aug 1863)
American ornithologist and author of popular field guides. She preceded Ludlow Griscom in calling for the use of binoculars instead of shotguns when birding. By 1885, she began to write articles focusing on protecting birds. She was horrified by the fashion trend which not only used feathers, but entire birds to decorate women's hats. Five million birds a year were killed to supply this fashion craze. At age 26, Bailey collected and developed the series of articles she had written for the Audubon Magazine into her first book, Birds Through an Opera Glass, (1889). Altogether she published about 100 articles, mostly for ornithological magazines, and 10 books. including the Handbook of Birds of the Western United States (1902) and Birds of New Mexico (1928).
1950 - Merritt Lyndon Fernald (b 1873) American botanist noted for his comprehensive study of the flora of the northeastern United States. In Feb 1891, Fernald was offered a position at the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University that would allow him to work and study part-time at Harvard. He remained at the Gray Herbarium in one capacity or another for the rest of his life, beginning as an assistant, going on to be a professor, eventually as curator of the Gray Herbarium, 1935-37, and director, 1937-1947. Fernald is known for his work on phytogeography. He combined extensive field work with his herbarium work, concentrating on the flora of eastern North America. He did much exploring in Quebec in his younger years; when older, he worked in Virginia.
1961 - Marion Davies, American actress (b. 1897
1965 - Othmar Herman Ammann (b 1876) Swiss-born American engineer and designer of numerous long suspension bridges as the New York Port Authority's Chief Engineer (1929), including the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge over New York harbour, at its completion (1965) the longest single span in the world. The first of six bridges he would design for the city was the George Washington Bridge, completed (1931) at a cost of $59 million, and opened to traffic on 25 Oct. It crosses the Hudson River between New Jersey and New York, and represents a marvel of construction for its time.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othmar_Herman_Ammann
1970 - Alice Hamilton (b 1869) American pathologist, known for her research on industrial diseases. By actively publicizing the danger to workers' health of industrial toxic substances, she contributed to the passage of workmen's compensation laws and to the development of safer working conditions. In 1911, she accepted an appointment as special investigator for the U.S. Bureau of Labor. These duties led her into field investigations of mines, mills, and smelters. Concentrating at first on lead, the most widely used industrial poison, she compiled statistics dramatically documenting the high mortality and morbidity rates of workers. She later did the same for aniline dyes, picric acid, arsenic, carbon monoxide, and many other industrial poisons. Hamilton died when 101 yrs old
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Hamilton
1981 - Harry Warren, American composer and lyricist (b. 1893)
1987 - Dan Rowan, American actor and comedian (b. 1922)
1996 - Dorothy Lamour, (b 1914) American actress
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Lamour
1999 - George C. Scott, American actor (b. 1927)
2001 - Isaac Stern, Ukrainian born violinist (b. 1920)
2002 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch-born writer (b. 1914)
2003 - Alexander Gordon Jump (b 1932) American actor best known as the clueless radio station manager Arthur "Big Guy" Carlson in the TV series WKRP in Cincinnati and the incompetent "Piece of Chalief Tinkler" in the sitcom Soap. He also played the "Maytag Repairman" in commercials for Maytag brand appliances, from 1989 until his retirement from the role in July 2003.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Jump
2004 - Pete Schoening, American mountaineer (b. 1927)
Holidays and observances
American Business Women's Day (United States)
Christian Feast Day:
Candidus
Digna and Emerita
Emmeram of Regensburg
Maurice (Western Church)
Phocas
Salaberga
Theban Legion
Thomas of Villanova
September 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Prophet Jonah (8th century B.C.)
Martyr Thomas, abbot, and 26 martyr-monks: Barsanuphius, Cyril, Micah, Simon, Hilarion, James, Job, Cyprian, Sabbas, James, Martinian, Cosmas, Sergius, Paul, Menas, Ioasaph, Ioanicius, Anthony, Euthymius, Dometian, Partenius, and others of Zographou Monastery on Mount Athos, martyred by the Latins (Roman Catholic Crusaders) (1284)
Hieromartyr Phoca, Bishop of Sinope (102)
Martyr Phocas the Gardener, of Sinope (303)
Venerable Jonah the Presbyter, father of Saint Theophanes the Hymnographer and Saint Theodore Graptus (9th century)
Saint Peter the Tax Collector (6th century)
Saint Jonah, abbot of Yashezersk (1592)
Saint Cosmas of Zograf Monastery (1323)
Martyrs Isaac and Martin
Saint Macarius, abbot of Zhabyn (Belev) (1623)
Saint Theophanes the Silent, recluse of the Kiev Caves
Other Commemorations
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos “She Who Is Quick to Hear”
Repose of Abbot Innocent of Valaam (1828)
Repose of Blessed Parasceva ("Pasha of Sarov"), Fool-for-Christ of Diveyevo Convent (1915)
Some Latter Day Saints recognise it as "Trumpet Day," or the day that Joseph Smith received the golden plates, which later became the Book of Mormon, from the angel Moroni.
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akaCG
www.amug.org/~jpaul/sep22.html
www.history.com/this-day-in-history
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_22
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_22.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_22_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
nethymnal.org/
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0922.htm
www.christianity.com/churchhistory/