Post by farmgal on Sept 19, 2012 22:14:01 GMT -5
September 21th is the 265th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 101 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 46
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
Martin Luther on glass in church of Martin Luther in Murska Sobota (Slovenia)
1522 - Martin Luther, 36, first published his German translation of the New Testament. (Luther's translation of the entire Bible was completed in 1534 -- perhaps the greatest literary achievement of the great Reformer.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther
A contemporary artist's interpretation of the fire, published in 1776
1776 - Great fire in New York In the early hours of September 21, however, fire broke out in the city, most likely in the Fighting Cocks Tavern at Whitehall Street. Strong winds quickly spread the flames among tightly packed homes and businesses. Residents poured into the streets, clutching what possessions they could, and found refuge only on the grassy town commons. The fire raged into the daylight hours and eventually consumed between 400 and 500 buildings--about one-quarter of the city.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_New_York_(1776)
One of Arnold's coded letters. Cipher lines by Arnold are interspersed with lines by his wife Peggy
1780 - American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold#Secret_communications
1784 - First daily newspaper in America The Pennsylvania Packet or the General Advertiser was established by John Dunlop. It began as a weekly newspaper in Philadelphia, which in 1784 would become a daily paper and the first paper to print Washington's "Farewell Address." It would continue until 1839.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dunlap
1779 - Spaniards capture Baton Rouge. On this day in 1779, the Louisiana governor and Spanish military officer Bernardo de Galvez, with the aide of American troops and militia volunteers, captures the British post and garrison at Baton Rouge, located in what was then British-controlled West Florida.
In a cunning and brilliant move, de Galvez included in the terms of the British surrender of Baton Rouge that the British also surrender Fort Panmure at Natchez to Spanish control. Defeated and on the verge of utter annihilation, the British had no other choice but to accept the terms.
The Spanish capture of Baton Rouge and Fort Panmure ended British control of the Mississippi Valley and opened the Mississippi River to a Spanish supply line—running from the Gulf of Mexico to the Ohio Valley--that greatly benefited the American cause. De Galvez was then able to lay siege to the British-occupied city of Pensacola, Florida, in the spring of 1781, which ended in a British surrender on May 8.
Spain never officially signed an alliance with the American revolutionaries, as King Charles III was hesitant about the precedent he might be setting by encouraging the population of another empire to overthrow their monarch. However, Spain also wanted to regain Gibraltar in the Mediterranean from the British and solidify control of its North American holdings, so it allied itself to France in the international war against Britain. Spain regained West Florida during the fighting and East Florida, which it exchanged for the Bahamas, in the final peace. Though Gibraltar remained in British control, Spain also won all the land surrounding the Gulf of Mexico.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_de_Galvez
One of two surviving copies of the 1814 broadside printing of the "Defence of Fort McHenry", a poem that later became the lyrics of the national anthem of the United States.
1814 - Francis Scott Key's patriotic verses, entitled "The Star Spangled Banner," were first published in "The Baltimore American." (The poem became the American National Anthem in 1931.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_Spangled_Banner
1827 - Joseph Smith, Jr. is reportedly visited by the angel Moroni, who gave him a record of gold plates, one-third of which Smith has translated into The Book of Mormon.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith,_Jr
1848 - The Arkansas Baptist State Convention was organized in Tulip, Arkansas, by 72 delegates from several area-wide Baptist churches and organizations. It was the first statewide Baptist organization in the history of Arkansas.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_Baptist_State_Convention
1875 - Inventor and scientist, Professor Thaddeus S.C. Lowe (1832-1913) patented a process for water gas production of "illuminating or heating gas." This gas making process fundamentally consists of the spraying of oil into water gas (blue gas) in a hot vessel for the purpose of increasing the calorific value of the gas. This carbureted water gas process was soon the most important manufactured gas in the United States of its time. He later invented a number of important and basic devices for use in atmospheric observation and metallurgical processing. Earlier, during the Civil War, he had created a military balloon force to spy on Confederate troops.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_S.C._Lowe
1894 - A heavy chicken house, sixteen by sixteen feet in area, was picked up by a tornado and wedged between two trees. The hens were found the next day sitting on their eggs in the chicken house, with no windows broken, as though nothing had happened. (The Weather Channel)
1895 - The Duryea Motor Wagon Company became the first American auto manufacturer to open for business. In 1893, Frank Duryea and his brother, Charles, designed what is believed to be the first gasoline-powered automobile built in the U.S. Since it didn't need a horse, it was called a "horseless carriage," which took its first short test drive in Springfield, Mass. Although the first in the U.S. auto business, the Duryeas did not develop into a major manufacturer
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duryea_Motor_Wagon_Company
Virginia O'Hanlon (circa 1895)
1897 - The "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" editorial is published in the New York Sun.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_Santa_Claus
1933 - In Germany during Hitler's rise to power, Martin Niemoeller began organizing the Pastors' Emergency League. Over 7,000 churches joined, although some 2,500 later withdrew under Nazi pressure. (The League itself gave birth to the more famous Barmen Synod, formed in May 1934.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Niemoeller
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfarrernotbund#Gathering_the_opposition_in_the_Emergency_Covenant_of_Pastors
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Jacobi
1938 - The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500-700 people. It smashed into Long Island and bisected New England causing a massive forest blowdown and widespread flooding. Winds gusted to 186 mph at Blue Hill MA, and a storm surge of nearly thirty feet caused extensive flooding along the coast of Rhode Island. The hurricane killed 600 persons and caused 500 million dollars damage. The hurricane, which lasted twelve days, destroyed 275 million trees. Hardest hit were Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Long Island NY. The "Long Island Express" produced gargantuan waves with its 150 mph winds, waves which smashed against the New England shore with such force that earthquake-recording machines on the Pacific coast clearly showed the shock of each wave. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hurricane_of_1938
Pidhaitsi Jewish cemetery - panorama (summer 2004)
1942 - On the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Nazis send over 1,000 Jews of Pidhaytsi (west Ukraine) to Belzec extermination camp.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidhaytsi#Jewish_community
1942 - In Poland, at the end of Yom Kippur, Germans order Jews to permanently evacuate Konstantynów and move to the Ghetto in Bia³a Podlaska, established to assemble Jews from seven nearby towns, including Janów Podlaski, Rossosz and Terespol.
1942 - In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2,588 Jews.
1942 - The B-29 Superfortress makes its maiden flight. On this day in 1942, the U.S. B-29 Superfortress makes its debut flight in Seattle, Washington. It was the largest bomber used in the war by any nation.
The B-29 was conceived in 1939 by Gen. Hap Arnold, who was afraid a German victory in Europe would mean the United States would be devoid of bases on the eastern side of the Atlantic from which to counterattack. A plane was needed that would travel faster, farther, and higher than any then available, so Boeing set to creating the four-engine heavy bomber. The plane was extraordinary, able to carry loads almost equal to its own weight at altitudes of 30,000 to 40,000 feet. It contained a pilot console in the rear of the plane, in the event the front pilot was knocked out of commission. It also sported the first radar bombing system of any U.S. bomber.
The Superfortress made its test run over the continental United States on September 21, but would not make its bombing-run debut until June 5, 1944, against Bangkok, in preparation for the Allied liberation of Burma from Japanese hands. A little more than a week later, the B-29 made its first run against the Japanese mainland. On June 14, 60 B-29s based in Chengtu, China, bombed an iron and steel works factory on Honshu Island. While the raid was less than successful, it proved to be a morale booster to Americans, who were now on the offensive.
Meanwhile, the Marianas Islands in the South Pacific were being recaptured by the United States, primarily to provide air bases for their new B-29s-a perfect position from which to strike the Japanese mainland on a consistent basis. Once the bases were ready, the B-29s were employed in a long series of bombing raids against Tokyo. Although capable of precision bombing at high altitudes, the Superfortresses began dropping incendiary devices from a mere 5,000 feet, firebombing the Japanese capital in an attempt to break the will of the Axis power. One raid, in March 1945, killed more than 80,000 people. But the most famous use of the B-29 would come in August, as it was the only plane capable of delivering a 10,000-pound bomb--the atomic bomb. The Enola Gay and the Bock's Car took off from the Marianas, on August 6 and 9, respectively, and flew into history.
1948 - "Texaco Star Theater" with Milton Berle premieres on NBC-TV
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texaco_Star_Theater
1954 - The temperature at Deeth, NV, soared from a morning low of 12 degrees to a high of 87 degrees, a record daily
warm-up for the state. (The Weather Channel)
1955 - Rocky Marciano knocked down, but retains championship
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21
1957 - "Tammy" by Debbie Reynolds topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_(song)
A US Army Boeing CH-47D with loading ramp lowered and two underslung containers coming in to offload troops, vehicles and supplies at Kunsan Air Base, South Korea
1961 - Maiden flight of the CH-47 Chinook transportation helicopter.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CH-47_Chinook
1964 - The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world's first Mach 3 bomber, makes its maiden flight from Palmdale, California.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie
1968 - "Harper Valley P.T.A." by Jeannie C. Riley topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper_Valley_PTA
1976 - Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Chilean socialist government of Salvador Allende, overthrown in 1973 by Augusto Pinochet.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Letelier
1981 - Sandra Day O'Connor is unanimously approved by the U.S. Senate as the first female Supreme Court justice.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor
1981 - Steve Carlton strikes out NL record 3,118th (Andre Dawson)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Carlton
1987 - Tropical Storm Emily, which formed in the Carribean the previous afternoon, caused considerable damage to the banana industry of Saint Vincent in the Windward Islands. Unseasonably hot weather continued in Florida and the western U.S. Redding CA and Red Bluff CA, with record highs of 108 degrees, tied for honors as the hot spot in the nation. (The National Weather Summary)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1987)
1988 - Thunderstorms produced high winds and locally heavy rain in the southwestern U.S. One thunderstorm in west Texas produced wind gusts to 86 mph at Dell City completely destroying an airport hangar. A Cessna 150 aircraft housed within the hangar was flipped over and snapped in two. Thunderstorms produced large hail in east central Utah, while snow blanketed some of the higher elevations of the state. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 - Hurricane Hugo, a catagory 4 hurricane, makes landfall in the U.S. state of South Carolina about 11 PM, making landfall near Sullivans Island. Hurricane Hugo was directly responsible for thirteen deaths, and indirectly responsible for twenty-two others. A total of 420 persons were injured in the hurricane, and damage was estimated at eight billion dollars, including two billion dollars damage to crops. Sustained winds reached 85 mph at Folly Beach SC, with wind gusts as high was 138 mph. Wind gusts reached 98 mph at Charleston, and 109 mph at Shaw AFB. The biggest storm surge occurred in the McClellanville and Bulls Bay area of Charleston County, with a storm surge of 20.2 feet reported at Seewee Bay. Shrimp boats were found one half mile inland at McClellanville. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo
1992 Islamic Gunmen Hit Christian Radio Station. When the phone rang at radio station DXAS, a worker answered it. "Stop broadcasting your message in the Tausug language," ordered an unidentified voice.
For the workers of the Far East Broadcasting Company, the threat was real. DXAS, located in Zamboanga, Philippines, was reaching out to Muslims.
Similar calls had come before. Muslim extremists did not want the message of Christ aired to their people. The Tausug themselves were not complaining about the broadcasts; in fact they were enthusiastic listeners. One of the broadcasters, Gregorio Hapalla, was himself a Tausug.
On this day, September 21, 1992, the opposition moved beyond threats. Two men armed with handguns entered the Christian radio studios and opened fire.
After the shooting stopped, three people lay dead. Two were martyrs for Christ. Christian pastor-broadcaster Greg Happala was one. The fifty-year-old worker left behind a grieving widow. Thirty-one year old radio technician Greg Bacabis, a control operator, was also dead.
The third victim had no connection with the Christian broadcasts. This was Ambri Asari, a local fisherman who had stopped by to deliver a public service announcement.
Eventually, the terrorist group Abu Sayyaf, which is connected with Al Quaeda, the group involved in destroying New York's World Trade Center in 2001, claimed responsibility for the killings.
The Far East Broadcasting Company (FEBC) was founded by John Broger and Bob Bowman right after World War II. Even before the war, they saw the need of a Christian radio station to bring the gospel to millions in Asia, especially China.
Their first FEBC broadcast was made from Shanghai in 1947, but because of the Communists, China was fast closing its doors to Christian work. And so they made the fateful decision to relocate to the Philippines. Their first broadcast from their new facility was out of Manilla on June 4, 1948. The FEBC has worked out of the Philippines ever since and maintains several stations there.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630853/
www.febc.org/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_East_Broadcasting_Company#History
2001 - Deep Space 1 flies within 2,200 km of Comet Borrelly.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_1
2003 - Galileo mission is terminated by sending the probe into Jupiter's atmosphere, where it is crushed by the pressure at the lower altitudes.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Mission
2008 - Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, the two last remaining independent investment banks on Wall Street, become bank holding companies as a result of the subprime mortgage crisis.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis
Births
1452 Girolamo Savonarola, Italian reformer and martyr, was born in Ferrara, Italy (d 23 May 1498).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola
Alfred Laliberté's Louis Jolliet sculpture in front of Parliament Building (Quebec)
1645 - Louis Joliet, Canadian explorer (d 1700)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Joliet
1756 - John Loudon McAdam Scotland, created macadam road surface (asphalt)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam
1758 - Christopher Gore, 8th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1827)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Gore
1788 Margaret Mackall Smith "Peggy" Taylor (d 14 Aug 1852), wife of Zachary Taylor, was First Lady of the United States from 1849 to 1850.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Taylor
1820 - John Fulton Reynolds, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Union General
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fulton_Reynolds
1845 Harriett R. K. Spaeth, Baltimore, hymn translator, (d 5 May 1925, Philadelphia).
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/s/p/a/spaeth_hrk.htm
1849 - Maurice Barrymore, born Herbert Arthur Chamberlayne Blythe, Indian-born patriarch of the Barrymore family (d 1905)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Barrymore
1862 - James E. Talmage, LDS apostle and author (d 1933)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Talmage
1863 - John Bunny, American film comedian (d. 1915)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bunny
1866 - H. G. Wells, (d 1946) English writer best known for his work in the science fiction genre. He was also a prolific writer in many other genres, including contemporary novels, history, politics and social commentary, even writing textbooks and rules for war games. Together with Jules Verne and Hugo Gernsback, Wells has been referred to as "The Father of Science Fiction".[2] His most notable science fiction works include The War of the Worlds, The Time Machine, The Invisible Man and The Island of Doctor Moreau.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._G._Wells
1873 - George Vital "Papa Jack" Laine (d 1966) the most busy and perhaps the most important band leader in New Orleans in the years from the Spanish-American War to World War I.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Jack_Laine
1881 Henry (Heinrich) Nau, Beltershausen, Marburg, Germany, missionary pioneer and president of Immanuel Lutheran College (Greensboro, North Carolina), (d 17 May 1956).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=N&word=NAU.HEINRICH
1884 - Hugh (Shorty) Ray (d 16 Sep 1956) supervisor of NFL officials, Hall of Fame member.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_(Shorty)_Ray
1896 - Walter Breuning, (d 24 Apr 2011) American supercentenarian
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Breuning
1906 - Henry Beachell, (d 2006) American plant breeder whose research led to the development of hybrid rice cultivars that saved millions of people around the world from starvation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Beachell
1909 - Richard H(owell) Fleming (d 1989)Canadian-born U.S. oceanographer who researched ocean currents, chemistry and biochemistry. He applied oceanography for military uses (1941-51) and studied the disposal of atomic wastes in the ocean. Fleming worked with the first comprehensive synoptic two-year survey (1955-56) of the Northern Pacific Ocean, charting currents, tides, winds, depths, and temperatures and observing plant and animal life. In 1959, for the Atomic Energy Commission, he began investigating the feasibility of creating a harbor in Alaska by nuclear explosions. He co-authored the comprehensive The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology, (1942).
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/209974/Richard-H-Fleming
1912 - Chuck Jones animator (Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Jones
1914 - John Kluge Chemnitz Germany, American media CEO (Metromedia)/billionaire.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kluge
1918 - John Gofman, American Manhattan Project scientist and advocate warning of dangers involved with nuclear power. (d 2007)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gofman
1921 - John McHale, American baseball player and executive (d. 2008)
1926 - Donald A. Glaser American physicist, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1960 for his invention of the bubble chamber in which the behaviour of subatomic particles can be observed by the tracks they leave. A flash photograph records the particle's path. Glaser's chamber contains a superheated liquid maintained in a superheated, unstable state without boiling. A piston causing a rapid decrease in pressure creates a tendency to boil at the slightest disturbance in the liquid. Then any atomic particle passing through the chamber leaves a track of small gas bubbles caused by an instantaneous boiling along its path where the ions it creates act as bubble-development centers
1931 - Larry Hagman Fort Worth Tx, actor (I Dream of Jeannie, JR-Dallas)
1941 - R. James Woolsey, Jr., Central Intelligence Agency director
1941 - Bill Kurtis (born William Horton Kuretich American television journalist, producer
1944 - Hamilton Jordan, U.S. President Jimmy Carter's original chief of staff (d. 2008)
1944 - Steve Beshear, Democratic Governor of Kentucky.
1945 - Jerry Bruckheimer, American film and television producer
1945 - Richard Childress, NASCAR team owner
1947 - Stephen King suspense writer (Shining, Kujo)
1947 - Don Felder, American guitarist (Eagles)
1950 - Bill Murray, American comedian and actor
1955 - Richard J Hieb Jamestown ND, astronaut (STS 39, Sk:STS 49)
1957 - Ethan Coen, American film director
1963 - Cecil Fielder, American baseball player
Deaths
1798 - George Read, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (b 1733)
1832 Sir Walter Scott, English poet, (b 15 Aug 1771, Edinburgh, Scotland).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Walter_Scott
1904 - Chief Joseph, Nez Perce leader (b 1840) On this day in 1904, the remarkable Nez Perce leader Chief Joseph dies on the Colville reservation in northern Washington at the age of 64. The whites had described him as superhuman, a military genius, an Indian Napoleon. But in truth, the Nez Perce Chief Him-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt ("Thunder Rolling Down from the Mountains") was more of a diplomat than a warrior.
Chief Joseph-as non-Indians knew him-had been elected chief of the Wallowa band of Nez Perce Indians when he was only 31. For six difficult years the young leader struggled peacefully against the whites who coveted the Wallowa's fertile land in northeastern Oregon. In 1877, General Howard of the U.S. Army warned that if the Wallowa and other bands of the Nez Perce did not abandon their land and move to the Lapwai Reservation within 30 days, his troops would attack. While some of the other Nez Perce chiefs argued they should resist, Chief Joseph convinced them to comply with the order rather than face war, and he led his people on a perilous voyage across the flood-filled Snake and Salmon River canyons to a campsite near the Lapwai Reservation. But acting without Chief Joseph's knowledge, a band of 20 young hotheaded braves decided to take revenge on some of the more offensive white settlers in the region, sparking the Nez Perce War of 1877.
Chief Joseph was no warrior, and he opposed many of the subsequent actions of the Nez Perce war councils. Joseph's younger brother, Olikut, was far more active in leading the Nez Perce into battle, and Olikut helped them successfully outsmart the U.S. Army on several occasions as the war ranged over more than 1,600 miles of Washington, Idaho, and Montana territory. Nonetheless, military leaders and American newspapers persisted in believing that since Chief Joseph was the most prominent Nez Perce spokesman and diplomat, he must also be their principal military leader.
By chance, Chief Joseph was the only major leader to survive the war, and it fell to him to surrender the surviving Nez Perce forces to Colonel Nelson A. Miles at the Bear Paw battlefield in northern Montana in October 1877. "From where the sun now stands," he promised, "I will fight no more forever." Chief Joseph lived out the rest of his life in peace, a popular romantic symbol of the noble "red men" who many Americans admired now that they no longer posed any real threat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Joseph
1906 - Samuel Arnold, Lincoln conspirator (b. 1838)
1915 - Anthony Comstock anti-vice crusader, dies at 71 in NYC
1957 - Robert Harry Lowie (b 1883) Austrian-born American anthropologist whose extensive studies of North American Plains Indians include exemplary research on the Crow. Lowie was instrumental in the development of the discipline. He helped form the profession and influenced the way in which anthropology is done today 'through such works as Culture and Ethnology (1917), Primitive Society (1920), and Social Organization (1948). Lowie's most intense fieldwork on the culture of the Crow Indians took place every season from 1910 to 1916. It was with this assignment that Lowie began to employ "salvage ethnography," the purpose of which was to salvage a record of what was left of a culture before it disappeared.
1957 - Abraham Flexner (b 1866) American educator who played a major role in the introduction of modern medical and science education to American colleges and universities. Founder and director of a progressive college- preparatory school in Louisville (1890-1904), Flexner issued an appraisal of American educational institutions (The American College: A Criticism; 1908) that earned him a Carnegie Foundation commission to survey the quality of the 155 medical colleges in the United States and Canada. His report (1910) had an immediate and sensational impact on American medical education. Many of the colleges that were severely criticized by Flexner closed soon after publication of the report; others initiated extensive revisions of their policies and curricula.
1961 - Earle Dickson (b 1892) Inventor of Band-aids. Finding his wife prone to kitchen accidents - cuts or burns - Dickson frequently was dressing her small wounds with cotton gauze and adhesive tape. After a number of these accidents, Earle devised a way she could easily apply her own dressings. He prepared ready-made bandages by placing squares of cotton gauze at intervals along an adhesive strip and covering them with crinoline. Now all his wife had to do was cut off a length of the strip and wrap it over her cut. His employment was as a cotton buyer at Johnson & Johnson, where his suggestion to make this a product became a reality leading to Band-aids.
1974 - Walter Brennan, American actor (b. 1894)
1974 - Jacqueline Susann, American novelist (b. 1918)
1995 - Rudy Perpich, American politician, Democratic governor of Minnesota (b. 1928)
1998 - Florence Griffith Joyner, American athlete, still holds the world record for both the 100 metres and 200 metres, both set in 1988 and never seriously challenged (b. 1959)
2007 - Rex Humbard, American television evangelist (b. 1919)
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day
Matthew the Evangelist [/b](Western Church)
Nativity of the Theotokos (Orthodox Church)
September 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Apostle of the Seventy Quadratus (130)
Hieromartyr Hypatius, Bishop of Ephesus, and his Presbyter Andrew (730, 735)
Martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, Zeno and Nestor the Confessor of Gaza (4th century)
Martyr Eusebius of Phoenicia (2nd century)
Martyr Priscus of Phrygia
Saints Issacius and Meletius, bishops of Cyprus
Saint Joseph of Zaonikiev Monastery in Vologda (1612)
Saint Daniel, abbot of Shuzhgorsk in Novgorod (16th century)
Saint Jonah the Sabbaite (9th century)
New Hieromartyr Theophan (Feofan Tuliakov), metropolitan of Lipetsk and Byelorussia (1937)
Other Commemorations
Uncovering of the relics (1752) of Saint Demetrius, Metropolitan of Rostov (1709)
Repose of Priest Dumitru Staniloae of Romania (1993)
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www.history.com/this-day-in-history/benedict-arnold-commits-treason
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_21.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0921.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
There are 101 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 46
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
Martin Luther on glass in church of Martin Luther in Murska Sobota (Slovenia)
1522 - Martin Luther, 36, first published his German translation of the New Testament. (Luther's translation of the entire Bible was completed in 1534 -- perhaps the greatest literary achievement of the great Reformer.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther
A contemporary artist's interpretation of the fire, published in 1776
1776 - Great fire in New York In the early hours of September 21, however, fire broke out in the city, most likely in the Fighting Cocks Tavern at Whitehall Street. Strong winds quickly spread the flames among tightly packed homes and businesses. Residents poured into the streets, clutching what possessions they could, and found refuge only on the grassy town commons. The fire raged into the daylight hours and eventually consumed between 400 and 500 buildings--about one-quarter of the city.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_New_York_(1776)
One of Arnold's coded letters. Cipher lines by Arnold are interspersed with lines by his wife Peggy
1780 - American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold#Secret_communications
1784 - First daily newspaper in America The Pennsylvania Packet or the General Advertiser was established by John Dunlop. It began as a weekly newspaper in Philadelphia, which in 1784 would become a daily paper and the first paper to print Washington's "Farewell Address." It would continue until 1839.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dunlap
1779 - Spaniards capture Baton Rouge. On this day in 1779, the Louisiana governor and Spanish military officer Bernardo de Galvez, with the aide of American troops and militia volunteers, captures the British post and garrison at Baton Rouge, located in what was then British-controlled West Florida.
In a cunning and brilliant move, de Galvez included in the terms of the British surrender of Baton Rouge that the British also surrender Fort Panmure at Natchez to Spanish control. Defeated and on the verge of utter annihilation, the British had no other choice but to accept the terms.
The Spanish capture of Baton Rouge and Fort Panmure ended British control of the Mississippi Valley and opened the Mississippi River to a Spanish supply line—running from the Gulf of Mexico to the Ohio Valley--that greatly benefited the American cause. De Galvez was then able to lay siege to the British-occupied city of Pensacola, Florida, in the spring of 1781, which ended in a British surrender on May 8.
Spain never officially signed an alliance with the American revolutionaries, as King Charles III was hesitant about the precedent he might be setting by encouraging the population of another empire to overthrow their monarch. However, Spain also wanted to regain Gibraltar in the Mediterranean from the British and solidify control of its North American holdings, so it allied itself to France in the international war against Britain. Spain regained West Florida during the fighting and East Florida, which it exchanged for the Bahamas, in the final peace. Though Gibraltar remained in British control, Spain also won all the land surrounding the Gulf of Mexico.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_de_Galvez
One of two surviving copies of the 1814 broadside printing of the "Defence of Fort McHenry", a poem that later became the lyrics of the national anthem of the United States.
1814 - Francis Scott Key's patriotic verses, entitled "The Star Spangled Banner," were first published in "The Baltimore American." (The poem became the American National Anthem in 1931.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_Spangled_Banner
1827 - Joseph Smith, Jr. is reportedly visited by the angel Moroni, who gave him a record of gold plates, one-third of which Smith has translated into The Book of Mormon.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith,_Jr
1848 - The Arkansas Baptist State Convention was organized in Tulip, Arkansas, by 72 delegates from several area-wide Baptist churches and organizations. It was the first statewide Baptist organization in the history of Arkansas.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas_Baptist_State_Convention
1875 - Inventor and scientist, Professor Thaddeus S.C. Lowe (1832-1913) patented a process for water gas production of "illuminating or heating gas." This gas making process fundamentally consists of the spraying of oil into water gas (blue gas) in a hot vessel for the purpose of increasing the calorific value of the gas. This carbureted water gas process was soon the most important manufactured gas in the United States of its time. He later invented a number of important and basic devices for use in atmospheric observation and metallurgical processing. Earlier, during the Civil War, he had created a military balloon force to spy on Confederate troops.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_S.C._Lowe
1894 - A heavy chicken house, sixteen by sixteen feet in area, was picked up by a tornado and wedged between two trees. The hens were found the next day sitting on their eggs in the chicken house, with no windows broken, as though nothing had happened. (The Weather Channel)
1895 - The Duryea Motor Wagon Company became the first American auto manufacturer to open for business. In 1893, Frank Duryea and his brother, Charles, designed what is believed to be the first gasoline-powered automobile built in the U.S. Since it didn't need a horse, it was called a "horseless carriage," which took its first short test drive in Springfield, Mass. Although the first in the U.S. auto business, the Duryeas did not develop into a major manufacturer
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duryea_Motor_Wagon_Company
Virginia O'Hanlon (circa 1895)
1897 - The "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" editorial is published in the New York Sun.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yes,_Virginia,_there_is_a_Santa_Claus
1933 - In Germany during Hitler's rise to power, Martin Niemoeller began organizing the Pastors' Emergency League. Over 7,000 churches joined, although some 2,500 later withdrew under Nazi pressure. (The League itself gave birth to the more famous Barmen Synod, formed in May 1934.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Niemoeller
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfarrernotbund#Gathering_the_opposition_in_the_Emergency_Covenant_of_Pastors
de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Jacobi
1938 - The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500-700 people. It smashed into Long Island and bisected New England causing a massive forest blowdown and widespread flooding. Winds gusted to 186 mph at Blue Hill MA, and a storm surge of nearly thirty feet caused extensive flooding along the coast of Rhode Island. The hurricane killed 600 persons and caused 500 million dollars damage. The hurricane, which lasted twelve days, destroyed 275 million trees. Hardest hit were Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Long Island NY. The "Long Island Express" produced gargantuan waves with its 150 mph winds, waves which smashed against the New England shore with such force that earthquake-recording machines on the Pacific coast clearly showed the shock of each wave. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Hurricane_of_1938
Pidhaitsi Jewish cemetery - panorama (summer 2004)
1942 - On the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Nazis send over 1,000 Jews of Pidhaytsi (west Ukraine) to Belzec extermination camp.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidhaytsi#Jewish_community
1942 - In Poland, at the end of Yom Kippur, Germans order Jews to permanently evacuate Konstantynów and move to the Ghetto in Bia³a Podlaska, established to assemble Jews from seven nearby towns, including Janów Podlaski, Rossosz and Terespol.
1942 - In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2,588 Jews.
1942 - The B-29 Superfortress makes its maiden flight. On this day in 1942, the U.S. B-29 Superfortress makes its debut flight in Seattle, Washington. It was the largest bomber used in the war by any nation.
The B-29 was conceived in 1939 by Gen. Hap Arnold, who was afraid a German victory in Europe would mean the United States would be devoid of bases on the eastern side of the Atlantic from which to counterattack. A plane was needed that would travel faster, farther, and higher than any then available, so Boeing set to creating the four-engine heavy bomber. The plane was extraordinary, able to carry loads almost equal to its own weight at altitudes of 30,000 to 40,000 feet. It contained a pilot console in the rear of the plane, in the event the front pilot was knocked out of commission. It also sported the first radar bombing system of any U.S. bomber.
The Superfortress made its test run over the continental United States on September 21, but would not make its bombing-run debut until June 5, 1944, against Bangkok, in preparation for the Allied liberation of Burma from Japanese hands. A little more than a week later, the B-29 made its first run against the Japanese mainland. On June 14, 60 B-29s based in Chengtu, China, bombed an iron and steel works factory on Honshu Island. While the raid was less than successful, it proved to be a morale booster to Americans, who were now on the offensive.
Meanwhile, the Marianas Islands in the South Pacific were being recaptured by the United States, primarily to provide air bases for their new B-29s-a perfect position from which to strike the Japanese mainland on a consistent basis. Once the bases were ready, the B-29s were employed in a long series of bombing raids against Tokyo. Although capable of precision bombing at high altitudes, the Superfortresses began dropping incendiary devices from a mere 5,000 feet, firebombing the Japanese capital in an attempt to break the will of the Axis power. One raid, in March 1945, killed more than 80,000 people. But the most famous use of the B-29 would come in August, as it was the only plane capable of delivering a 10,000-pound bomb--the atomic bomb. The Enola Gay and the Bock's Car took off from the Marianas, on August 6 and 9, respectively, and flew into history.
1948 - "Texaco Star Theater" with Milton Berle premieres on NBC-TV
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texaco_Star_Theater
1954 - The temperature at Deeth, NV, soared from a morning low of 12 degrees to a high of 87 degrees, a record daily
warm-up for the state. (The Weather Channel)
1955 - Rocky Marciano knocked down, but retains championship
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21
1957 - "Tammy" by Debbie Reynolds topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_(song)
A US Army Boeing CH-47D with loading ramp lowered and two underslung containers coming in to offload troops, vehicles and supplies at Kunsan Air Base, South Korea
1961 - Maiden flight of the CH-47 Chinook transportation helicopter.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CH-47_Chinook
1964 - The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world's first Mach 3 bomber, makes its maiden flight from Palmdale, California.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_XB-70_Valkyrie
1968 - "Harper Valley P.T.A." by Jeannie C. Riley topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper_Valley_PTA
1976 - Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Chilean socialist government of Salvador Allende, overthrown in 1973 by Augusto Pinochet.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orlando_Letelier
1981 - Sandra Day O'Connor is unanimously approved by the U.S. Senate as the first female Supreme Court justice.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor
1981 - Steve Carlton strikes out NL record 3,118th (Andre Dawson)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Carlton
1987 - Tropical Storm Emily, which formed in the Carribean the previous afternoon, caused considerable damage to the banana industry of Saint Vincent in the Windward Islands. Unseasonably hot weather continued in Florida and the western U.S. Redding CA and Red Bluff CA, with record highs of 108 degrees, tied for honors as the hot spot in the nation. (The National Weather Summary)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Emily_(1987)
1988 - Thunderstorms produced high winds and locally heavy rain in the southwestern U.S. One thunderstorm in west Texas produced wind gusts to 86 mph at Dell City completely destroying an airport hangar. A Cessna 150 aircraft housed within the hangar was flipped over and snapped in two. Thunderstorms produced large hail in east central Utah, while snow blanketed some of the higher elevations of the state. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 - Hurricane Hugo, a catagory 4 hurricane, makes landfall in the U.S. state of South Carolina about 11 PM, making landfall near Sullivans Island. Hurricane Hugo was directly responsible for thirteen deaths, and indirectly responsible for twenty-two others. A total of 420 persons were injured in the hurricane, and damage was estimated at eight billion dollars, including two billion dollars damage to crops. Sustained winds reached 85 mph at Folly Beach SC, with wind gusts as high was 138 mph. Wind gusts reached 98 mph at Charleston, and 109 mph at Shaw AFB. The biggest storm surge occurred in the McClellanville and Bulls Bay area of Charleston County, with a storm surge of 20.2 feet reported at Seewee Bay. Shrimp boats were found one half mile inland at McClellanville. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Hugo
1992 Islamic Gunmen Hit Christian Radio Station. When the phone rang at radio station DXAS, a worker answered it. "Stop broadcasting your message in the Tausug language," ordered an unidentified voice.
For the workers of the Far East Broadcasting Company, the threat was real. DXAS, located in Zamboanga, Philippines, was reaching out to Muslims.
Similar calls had come before. Muslim extremists did not want the message of Christ aired to their people. The Tausug themselves were not complaining about the broadcasts; in fact they were enthusiastic listeners. One of the broadcasters, Gregorio Hapalla, was himself a Tausug.
On this day, September 21, 1992, the opposition moved beyond threats. Two men armed with handguns entered the Christian radio studios and opened fire.
After the shooting stopped, three people lay dead. Two were martyrs for Christ. Christian pastor-broadcaster Greg Happala was one. The fifty-year-old worker left behind a grieving widow. Thirty-one year old radio technician Greg Bacabis, a control operator, was also dead.
The third victim had no connection with the Christian broadcasts. This was Ambri Asari, a local fisherman who had stopped by to deliver a public service announcement.
Eventually, the terrorist group Abu Sayyaf, which is connected with Al Quaeda, the group involved in destroying New York's World Trade Center in 2001, claimed responsibility for the killings.
The Far East Broadcasting Company (FEBC) was founded by John Broger and Bob Bowman right after World War II. Even before the war, they saw the need of a Christian radio station to bring the gospel to millions in Asia, especially China.
Their first FEBC broadcast was made from Shanghai in 1947, but because of the Communists, China was fast closing its doors to Christian work. And so they made the fateful decision to relocate to the Philippines. Their first broadcast from their new facility was out of Manilla on June 4, 1948. The FEBC has worked out of the Philippines ever since and maintains several stations there.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630853/
www.febc.org/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_East_Broadcasting_Company#History
2001 - Deep Space 1 flies within 2,200 km of Comet Borrelly.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Space_1
2003 - Galileo mission is terminated by sending the probe into Jupiter's atmosphere, where it is crushed by the pressure at the lower altitudes.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Mission
2008 - Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, the two last remaining independent investment banks on Wall Street, become bank holding companies as a result of the subprime mortgage crisis.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subprime_mortgage_crisis
Births
1452 Girolamo Savonarola, Italian reformer and martyr, was born in Ferrara, Italy (d 23 May 1498).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolamo_Savonarola
Alfred Laliberté's Louis Jolliet sculpture in front of Parliament Building (Quebec)
1645 - Louis Joliet, Canadian explorer (d 1700)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Joliet
1756 - John Loudon McAdam Scotland, created macadam road surface (asphalt)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Loudon_McAdam
1758 - Christopher Gore, 8th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1827)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Gore
1788 Margaret Mackall Smith "Peggy" Taylor (d 14 Aug 1852), wife of Zachary Taylor, was First Lady of the United States from 1849 to 1850.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Taylor
1820 - John Fulton Reynolds, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Union General
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fulton_Reynolds
1845 Harriett R. K. Spaeth, Baltimore, hymn translator, (d 5 May 1925, Philadelphia).
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/s/p/a/spaeth_hrk.htm
1849 - Maurice Barrymore, born Herbert Arthur Chamberlayne Blythe, Indian-born patriarch of the Barrymore family (d 1905)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Barrymore
1862 - James E. Talmage, LDS apostle and author (d 1933)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Talmage
1863 - John Bunny, American film comedian (d. 1915)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bunny
1866 - H. G. Wells, (d 1946) English writer best known for his work in the science fiction genre. He was also a prolific writer in many other genres, including contemporary novels, history, politics and social commentary, even writing textbooks and rules for war games. Together with Jules Verne and Hugo Gernsback, Wells has been referred to as "The Father of Science Fiction".[2] His most notable science fiction works include The War of the Worlds, The Time Machine, The Invisible Man and The Island of Doctor Moreau.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._G._Wells
1873 - George Vital "Papa Jack" Laine (d 1966) the most busy and perhaps the most important band leader in New Orleans in the years from the Spanish-American War to World War I.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papa_Jack_Laine
1881 Henry (Heinrich) Nau, Beltershausen, Marburg, Germany, missionary pioneer and president of Immanuel Lutheran College (Greensboro, North Carolina), (d 17 May 1956).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=N&word=NAU.HEINRICH
1884 - Hugh (Shorty) Ray (d 16 Sep 1956) supervisor of NFL officials, Hall of Fame member.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_(Shorty)_Ray
1896 - Walter Breuning, (d 24 Apr 2011) American supercentenarian
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Breuning
1906 - Henry Beachell, (d 2006) American plant breeder whose research led to the development of hybrid rice cultivars that saved millions of people around the world from starvation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Beachell
1909 - Richard H(owell) Fleming (d 1989)Canadian-born U.S. oceanographer who researched ocean currents, chemistry and biochemistry. He applied oceanography for military uses (1941-51) and studied the disposal of atomic wastes in the ocean. Fleming worked with the first comprehensive synoptic two-year survey (1955-56) of the Northern Pacific Ocean, charting currents, tides, winds, depths, and temperatures and observing plant and animal life. In 1959, for the Atomic Energy Commission, he began investigating the feasibility of creating a harbor in Alaska by nuclear explosions. He co-authored the comprehensive The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology, (1942).
www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/209974/Richard-H-Fleming
1912 - Chuck Jones animator (Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Jones
1914 - John Kluge Chemnitz Germany, American media CEO (Metromedia)/billionaire.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kluge
1918 - John Gofman, American Manhattan Project scientist and advocate warning of dangers involved with nuclear power. (d 2007)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gofman
1921 - John McHale, American baseball player and executive (d. 2008)
1926 - Donald A. Glaser American physicist, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1960 for his invention of the bubble chamber in which the behaviour of subatomic particles can be observed by the tracks they leave. A flash photograph records the particle's path. Glaser's chamber contains a superheated liquid maintained in a superheated, unstable state without boiling. A piston causing a rapid decrease in pressure creates a tendency to boil at the slightest disturbance in the liquid. Then any atomic particle passing through the chamber leaves a track of small gas bubbles caused by an instantaneous boiling along its path where the ions it creates act as bubble-development centers
1931 - Larry Hagman Fort Worth Tx, actor (I Dream of Jeannie, JR-Dallas)
1941 - R. James Woolsey, Jr., Central Intelligence Agency director
1941 - Bill Kurtis (born William Horton Kuretich American television journalist, producer
1944 - Hamilton Jordan, U.S. President Jimmy Carter's original chief of staff (d. 2008)
1944 - Steve Beshear, Democratic Governor of Kentucky.
1945 - Jerry Bruckheimer, American film and television producer
1945 - Richard Childress, NASCAR team owner
1947 - Stephen King suspense writer (Shining, Kujo)
1947 - Don Felder, American guitarist (Eagles)
1950 - Bill Murray, American comedian and actor
1955 - Richard J Hieb Jamestown ND, astronaut (STS 39, Sk:STS 49)
1957 - Ethan Coen, American film director
1963 - Cecil Fielder, American baseball player
Deaths
1798 - George Read, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (b 1733)
1832 Sir Walter Scott, English poet, (b 15 Aug 1771, Edinburgh, Scotland).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Walter_Scott
1904 - Chief Joseph, Nez Perce leader (b 1840) On this day in 1904, the remarkable Nez Perce leader Chief Joseph dies on the Colville reservation in northern Washington at the age of 64. The whites had described him as superhuman, a military genius, an Indian Napoleon. But in truth, the Nez Perce Chief Him-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt ("Thunder Rolling Down from the Mountains") was more of a diplomat than a warrior.
Chief Joseph-as non-Indians knew him-had been elected chief of the Wallowa band of Nez Perce Indians when he was only 31. For six difficult years the young leader struggled peacefully against the whites who coveted the Wallowa's fertile land in northeastern Oregon. In 1877, General Howard of the U.S. Army warned that if the Wallowa and other bands of the Nez Perce did not abandon their land and move to the Lapwai Reservation within 30 days, his troops would attack. While some of the other Nez Perce chiefs argued they should resist, Chief Joseph convinced them to comply with the order rather than face war, and he led his people on a perilous voyage across the flood-filled Snake and Salmon River canyons to a campsite near the Lapwai Reservation. But acting without Chief Joseph's knowledge, a band of 20 young hotheaded braves decided to take revenge on some of the more offensive white settlers in the region, sparking the Nez Perce War of 1877.
Chief Joseph was no warrior, and he opposed many of the subsequent actions of the Nez Perce war councils. Joseph's younger brother, Olikut, was far more active in leading the Nez Perce into battle, and Olikut helped them successfully outsmart the U.S. Army on several occasions as the war ranged over more than 1,600 miles of Washington, Idaho, and Montana territory. Nonetheless, military leaders and American newspapers persisted in believing that since Chief Joseph was the most prominent Nez Perce spokesman and diplomat, he must also be their principal military leader.
By chance, Chief Joseph was the only major leader to survive the war, and it fell to him to surrender the surviving Nez Perce forces to Colonel Nelson A. Miles at the Bear Paw battlefield in northern Montana in October 1877. "From where the sun now stands," he promised, "I will fight no more forever." Chief Joseph lived out the rest of his life in peace, a popular romantic symbol of the noble "red men" who many Americans admired now that they no longer posed any real threat.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Joseph
1906 - Samuel Arnold, Lincoln conspirator (b. 1838)
1915 - Anthony Comstock anti-vice crusader, dies at 71 in NYC
1957 - Robert Harry Lowie (b 1883) Austrian-born American anthropologist whose extensive studies of North American Plains Indians include exemplary research on the Crow. Lowie was instrumental in the development of the discipline. He helped form the profession and influenced the way in which anthropology is done today 'through such works as Culture and Ethnology (1917), Primitive Society (1920), and Social Organization (1948). Lowie's most intense fieldwork on the culture of the Crow Indians took place every season from 1910 to 1916. It was with this assignment that Lowie began to employ "salvage ethnography," the purpose of which was to salvage a record of what was left of a culture before it disappeared.
1957 - Abraham Flexner (b 1866) American educator who played a major role in the introduction of modern medical and science education to American colleges and universities. Founder and director of a progressive college- preparatory school in Louisville (1890-1904), Flexner issued an appraisal of American educational institutions (The American College: A Criticism; 1908) that earned him a Carnegie Foundation commission to survey the quality of the 155 medical colleges in the United States and Canada. His report (1910) had an immediate and sensational impact on American medical education. Many of the colleges that were severely criticized by Flexner closed soon after publication of the report; others initiated extensive revisions of their policies and curricula.
1961 - Earle Dickson (b 1892) Inventor of Band-aids. Finding his wife prone to kitchen accidents - cuts or burns - Dickson frequently was dressing her small wounds with cotton gauze and adhesive tape. After a number of these accidents, Earle devised a way she could easily apply her own dressings. He prepared ready-made bandages by placing squares of cotton gauze at intervals along an adhesive strip and covering them with crinoline. Now all his wife had to do was cut off a length of the strip and wrap it over her cut. His employment was as a cotton buyer at Johnson & Johnson, where his suggestion to make this a product became a reality leading to Band-aids.
1974 - Walter Brennan, American actor (b. 1894)
1974 - Jacqueline Susann, American novelist (b. 1918)
1995 - Rudy Perpich, American politician, Democratic governor of Minnesota (b. 1928)
1998 - Florence Griffith Joyner, American athlete, still holds the world record for both the 100 metres and 200 metres, both set in 1988 and never seriously challenged (b. 1959)
2007 - Rex Humbard, American television evangelist (b. 1919)
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day
Matthew the Evangelist [/b](Western Church)
Nativity of the Theotokos (Orthodox Church)
September 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Apostle of the Seventy Quadratus (130)
Hieromartyr Hypatius, Bishop of Ephesus, and his Presbyter Andrew (730, 735)
Martyrs Eusebius, Nestabus, Zeno and Nestor the Confessor of Gaza (4th century)
Martyr Eusebius of Phoenicia (2nd century)
Martyr Priscus of Phrygia
Saints Issacius and Meletius, bishops of Cyprus
Saint Joseph of Zaonikiev Monastery in Vologda (1612)
Saint Daniel, abbot of Shuzhgorsk in Novgorod (16th century)
Saint Jonah the Sabbaite (9th century)
New Hieromartyr Theophan (Feofan Tuliakov), metropolitan of Lipetsk and Byelorussia (1937)
Other Commemorations
Uncovering of the relics (1752) of Saint Demetrius, Metropolitan of Rostov (1709)
Repose of Priest Dumitru Staniloae of Romania (1993)
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www.history.com/this-day-in-history/benedict-arnold-commits-treason
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_21.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_21_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0921.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/index.htm
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html