Post by farmgal on Sept 16, 2012 11:40:27 GMT -5
September 18th is the 262nd day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 104 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 49
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
1502 Christopher Columbus lands at Costa Rica on his fourth, and final, voyage.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
1634 Anne Hutchinson arrives in the New World. Anne Hutchinson, an Englishwoman who would become an outspoken religious thinker in the American colonies, arrives at the Massachusetts Bay Colony with her family.
She settled in Cambridge and began organizing meetings of Boston women in her home, leading them in discussions of recent sermons and religious issues. Soon ministers and magistrates began attending her sessions as well. Hutchinson preached that faith alone was sufficient for salvation, and therefore that individuals had no need for the church or church law. By 1637, her influence had become so great that she was brought to trial and found guilty of heresy against Puritan orthodoxy. Banished from Massachusetts, she led a group of 70 followers to Rhode Island--Roger Williams' colony based on religious freedom--and established a settlement on the island of Aquidneck.
After the death of her husband in 1642, she settled near present-day Pelham Bay, New York, on the Long Island Sound. In 1643, she and all but one of her children were massacred in an Indian attack. She is recognized as the first notable woman religious leader in the American colonies.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/anne-hutchinson-arrives-in-the-new-world
1679 New Hampshire becomes a county of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1714 George I arrives in Great Britain for the first time since becoming king on August 1st.
1739 The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, ceding Belgrade to the Ottoman Empire.
1759 The British capture Quebec City.
1793 On this day in 1793, George Washington lays the cornerstone to the United States Capitol building, the home of the legislative branch of American government. The building would take nearly a century to complete, as architects came and went, the British set fire to it and it was called into use during the Civil War. Today, the Capitol building, with its famous cast-iron dome and important collection of American art, is part of the Capitol Complex, which includes six Congressional office buildings and three Library of Congress buildings, all developed in the 19th and 20th centuries.
As a young nation, the United States had no permanent capital, and Congress met in eight different cities, including Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia, before 1791. In 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which gave President Washington the power to select a permanent home for the federal government. The following year, he chose what would become the District of Columbia from land provided by Maryland. Washington picked three commissioners to oversee the capital city's development and they in turn chose French engineer Pierre Charles L'Enfant to come up with the design. However, L'Enfant clashed with the commissioners and was fired in 1792. A design competition was then held, with a Scotsman named William Thornton submitting the winning entry for the Capitol building. In September 1793, Washington laid the Capitol's cornerstone and the lengthy construction process, which would involve a line of project managers and architects, got under way.
In 1800, Congress moved into the Capitol's north wing. In 1807, the House of Representatives moved into the building's south wing, which was finished in 1811. During the War of 1812, the British invaded Washington, D.C., and set fire to the Capitol on August 24, 1814. A rainstorm saved the building from total destruction. Congress met in nearby temporary quarters from 1815 to 1819. In the early 1850s, work began to expand the Capitol to accommodate the growing number of Congressmen. In 1861, construction was temporarily halted while the Capitol was used by Union troops as a hospital and barracks. Following the war, expansions and modern upgrades to the building continued into the next century.
Today, the Capitol, which is visited by 3 million to 5 million people each year, has 540 rooms and covers a ground area of about four acres.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/capitol-cornerstone-is-laid
1810 First Government Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only in the absence of the king, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
1812 The 1812 Fire of Moscow dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from the Petrovsky Palace to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
1830 B&O locomotive Tom Thumb, the first locomotive built in America, lost in a 14-km race with a horse due to a boiler leak.
1837 Tiffany and Co. (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and Teddy Young in New York City. The store is called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
1838 The Anti-Corn Law League is established by Richard Cobden.
1845 A Document of Separation was signed at Cleveland by nine pastors leaving the Ohio Synod. Most eventually joined the Missouri Synod. The nine included Wilhelm Sihler (1801–1885) and C. A. T. Selle (1819–1898).
Map of the route taken by the Donner Party, showing Hastings Cutoff—which added 150 miles (240 km) to their travels—in orange
1846 The struggling Donner Party sends ahead to California for food. Weeks behind schedule and the massive Sierra Nevada mountains still to be crossed, on this day in 1846, the members of the ill-fated Donner party realize they are running short of supplies and send two men ahead to California to bring back food.
The group of 89 emigrants had begun their western trek earlier that summer in Springfield, Illinois, under the leadership of the brothers Jacob and George Donner. Unfortunately, the Donner brothers had recently read The Emigrant's Guide to Oregon and California, the imaginative creation of an irresponsible author-adventurer named Lansford Hastings, who wanted to encourage more overland emigrants to travel to the Sacramento Valley of California. The Donners innocently accepted Hastings' claim that a shorter route he had blazed to California would cut weeks off the usual trip and agreed to place the fate of the wagon train in his hands once they reached Fort Bridger, Wyoming. From that point forward, the men, women, and children of the Donner Party were in trouble.
Though the so-called Hastings Cutoff was indeed shorter than the usual route, Hastings' glowing descriptions of his trail irresponsibly downplayed its many difficulties, as the Donner party soon discovered. After following a boulder-strewn and nearly impassable route over the Wasatch Range in Utah, the party embarked on an arduous six-day trek across the desert-a journey that Hastings had promised would take only two days. Lightening their loads by abandoning chairs, family heirlooms, wagons, and livestock to be swallowed up by the blazing sands, the emigrants struggled onward towards the Sierra Nevada.
A month after the two men had left for California, one returned with the desperately needed provisions as well as two Indian guides to help lead the party on the final stage of the trip through the Sierras. But by then it was already late October. Hastings' "shortcut" had cost the Donner group so much time that they now risked being trapped in the high mountains if an early snowstorm chanced to fall. Unfortunately for the luckless emigrants, just such a snowstorm arrived on the night of October 28. The next day the Donner party was snowbound in the Sierras.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-struggling-donner-party-sends-ahead-to-california-for-food
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donner_Party
1850 The U.S. Congress passes the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Law
1851 First publication of The New-York Daily Times, which later becomes The New York Times.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times
1851 The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Northern Illinois was organized at Cedarville, Illinois.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=i&word=ILLINOIS.EVANGELICALLUTHERANSYNODOFNORTHERN
1870 Old Faithful Geyser is observed and named by Henry D. Washburn during the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition to Yellowstone.
1873 Panic of 1873: The U.S. bank Jay Cooke & Company declares bankruptcy, triggering a series of bank failures.
1879 The Blackpool Illuminations are switched on for the first time.
1882 The Pacific Stock Exchange opens.
1884 The Brooklyn Tabernacle was packed for the funeral of Jerry McAuley (b. 1839), founder of New York’s Water Street Mission, a pioneer among American rescue missions.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_McAuley
www.waterstreetministries.org/WaterStreetMinistries/WaterStreetMission.aspx
1885 Riots break out in Montreal to protest against compulsory smallpox vaccination.
1895 Booker T. Washington delivers the "Atlanta Compromise" address.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Compromise
1895 Daniel David Palmer gives the first chiropractic adjustment.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_David_Palmer
1898 Fashoda Incident - Lord Kitchener's ships reach Fashoda, Sudan.
1906 A typhoon with tsunami kills an estimated 10,000 people in Hong Kong.
1914 The Irish Home Rule Act becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
1914 World War I: South African troops land in German South West Africa.
1918 Battle of Epehy On this day in 1918, near the French village of Epehy, the British 4th Army, commanded by Sir Henry Rawlinson, attacks German forward outposts in front of the Hindenburg Line, Germany’s last line of defense on the Western Front during World War I.
Named by the British for the German commander in chief, Paul von Hindenburg—the Germans referred to it as the Siegfried Line—the Hindenburg Line was a semi-permanent line of defenses that Hindenburg ordered created several miles behind the German front lines in late 1916. The following spring, the German army made a well-planned withdrawal to this heavily fortified defensive zone, burning and looting villages and countryside as they passed, in order to buy themselves time and confuse the Allied plans of attack. By early September 1918, Allied forces had effectively countered the major German spring offensive of that year and had reached the furthest forward positions of the Hindenburg Line, considered by many on both sides to be impregnable.
Reluctant to launch an offensive attack on the line itself, the British commander in chief, Sir Douglas Haig, at first overruled a planned assault by General Rawlinson of the 4th Army against the established and heavily fortified German positions. On the heels of Allied successes at Havrincourt and Saint-Mihiel—executed by British and American forces respectively—Haig changed his mind and authorized the attack by all three corps of Rawlinson’s army, aided by a corps of the 3rd Army fresh from its success at Havrincourt.
The British-led assault went ahead on the morning of September 18, 1918, with a creeping artillery barrage from approximately 1,500 guns, as well as 300 machine guns. Although the Germans held steady on both flanks, they were soundly defeated in the center by the Allied advance, led by two Australian divisions under General John Monash. By the end of the day, the Allies had advanced some three miles, a modest result that nonetheless encouraged Haig and his fellow commanders to proceed with further attacks to capitalize on the emerging German weaknesses. By the end of the month, pressing their advantage and pushing ahead with their so-called "Hundred Days Offensive," the Allies had done the seemingly impossible: broken the formidable Hindenburg Line.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-epehy
1919 The Netherlands gives women the right to vote.
1919 Fritz Pollard becomes the first African-American to play professional football for a major team, the Akron Pros.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Pollard
1922 Hungary is admitted to League of Nations.
1924 A complete Bible translation of the Old and New Testaments was published by American Bible scholar and historian James Moffatt, 54. Moffatt's intention was to make available to the lay reader, in simple language, a current scholarly understanding of the biblical text.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Moffatt
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moffatt,_New_Translation
1927 Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System went on the air with 47 radio stations. However, the radio network lost money in its first year, and on 18 Jan 1929 Columbia Records sold out to a group of private investors for $400,000, headed by William S. Paley, a Philadelphia cigar manufacturer. The radio network was renamed The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS
1931 The Mukden Incident gives Japan the pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.
1934 The USSR is admitted to League of Nations.
1939 World War II: Polish government of Ignacy Moúcicki flees to Romania.
1939 The Nazi propaganda broadcaster known as Lord Haw-Haw begins transmitting.
1943 World War II: The Jews of Minsk are massacred at Sobibór.
1943 World War II: Adolf Hitler orders the deportation of Danish Jews.
1944 World War II: The British submarine HMS Tradewind torpedoes Junyô Maru, 5,600 killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_ship#Juny.C5.8D_Maru
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juny%C5%8D_Maru
1945 General Douglas MacArthur moves his command headquarters to Tokyo, as he prepares for his new role as architect of a democratic and capitalist postwar Japan.
Japan had had a long history of its foreign policy being dominated by the military, as evidenced by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoye's failed attempts to reform his government and being virtually pushed out of power by career army officer Hideki Tojo. MacArthur was given the task of overseeing the regeneration of a Japan shorn of its imperial past. As humiliating as it would be for the defeated Japanese, the supreme allied commander in the South Pacific would lay the groundwork for Japan's rebirth as an economic global superpower.
The career of Douglas MacArthur is composed of one striking achievement after another. When he graduated from West Point, only one other person, Robert E. Lee, had exceeded MacArthur's performance, in terms of awards and average, in the institution's history. His performance in World War I, during combat in France, won him decorations for valor and resulted in his becoming the youngest general in the Army at the time. He retired from the Army in 1934, only to be appointed head of the Philippine Army by its president (the Philippines had U.S. Commonwealth status at the time).
When World War II broke out, MacArthur was called back to active service-as commanding general of the U.S. Army in the Far East. Because of MacArthur's time in the Far East, and the awesome respect he commanded in the Philippines, his judgment had become somewhat distorted and his vision of U.S. military strategy as a whole myopic. He was convinced that he could defeat Japan if it invaded the Philippines. In the long term, he was correct. But in the short term, the United States suffered disastrous defeats at Bataan and Corregidor. By the time U.S. forces were forced to surrender, he had already shipped out, on orders from President Roosevelt. As he left, he uttered his immortal line, "I shall return."
Refusing to admit defeat, MacArthur was awarded supreme command in the Southwest Pacific, capturing New Guinea from the Japanese with an innovative "leap frog" strategy. True to his word, he returned to the Philippines in October 1944. With the help of the U.S. Navy, which succeeded in destroying the Japanese fleet, leaving the Japanese garrisons on the islands without reinforcements, the Army defeated adamantine Japanese resistance. On March 3, 1945, MacArthur handed control of the Philippine capital back to its president.
On September 2, 1945, MacArthur signed the instrument of surrender on behalf of the victorious Allies, aboard the USS Missouri, docked in Tokyo Bay. But the man who oversaw Japan's defeat was about to put it on the road to its own kind of victory.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/macarthur-in-tokyo
1947 The United States Air Force becomes an independent branch of the United States armed forces.
1947 The National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency were established in the United States under the National Security Act.
1948 Operation Polo is terminated after Indian Army accepts the surrender of Nizam's Army.
1948 Margaret Chase Smith of Maine becomes the first woman elected to the US Senate without completing another senator's term, when she defeats Democratic opponent Adrian Scolten.
1959 Vanguard 3 is launched into Earth orbit.
1960 Fidel Castro arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuban delegation to the United Nations.
1961 U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in a plane crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the war-torn Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1962 Burundi, Jamaica, Rwanda and Trinidad and Tobago are admitted to the United Nations.
1962 The Full Gospel Fellowship of Churches and Ministers International was founded in Dallas by Gordon Lindsay, 56. In 1967, the name was changed to Christ for the Nations. It ministers today as a service agency supporting foreign missions through fund raising and literature distribution.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Lindsay
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_for_the_Nations_Institute
1964 North Vietnamese Army begins infiltration of South Vietnam.
1973 The Bahamas, East Germany and West Germany are admitted to the United Nations.
1974 Hurricane Fifi strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
1975 Patty Hearst is arrested after a year on the FBI Most Wanted List.
1977 Voyager I takes first photograph of the Earth and the Moon together.
1980 Soyuz 38 carries 2 cosmonauts (including 1 Cuban) to Salyut 6 space station.
1984 Joe Kittinger completes the first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
1988 End of pro-democracy uprisings in Myanmar after a bloody military coup by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. Thousands, mostly monks and civilians (primarily students) are killed by the Tatmadaw.
1992 An explosion rocks Giant Mine at the height of a labor dispute, killing 9 replacement workers.
1997 United States media magnate Ted Turner donates USD 1 billion to the United Nations.
1998 ICANN is formed.
2001 First mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
2007 Pervez Musharraf announces that he will step down as army chief and restore civilian rule to Pakistan, but only after he is re-elected president.
2007 Buddhist monks join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some called the Saffron Revolution.
2009 The 72 year run of the soap opera The Guiding Light ends as its final episode is broadcast.
52 Marcus Ulpius Trajan, Emperor of Rome from AD 98-117. He was the third Roman emperor to rule, after Nero (54-68) and Domitian (81-96), who persecuted the Early Church. During Trajan's reign, the apostolic father Ignatius of Antioch was martyred, in AD 117.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan
1733 George Read, American Declaration of Independence signatory (d 1798)
1765 Pope Gregory XVI (d 1846)
1757 Moses Henkel, Methodist preacher (only non-Lutheran pastor among the early Henkels), (d. 28 July 1827).
1765 Oliver Holden, early Puritan pastor and statesman. His love for music is demonstrated in the hymn tune CORONATION ("All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name"), which he composed in 1792 at the age of 27.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/h/o/l/holden_o.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/a/h/t/ahtpojn.htm
1779 Joseph Story, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1845)
1812 Herschel Vespasian Johnson, American politician (d. 1880)
1819 Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault, his pendulum proved Earth rotates.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Foucault
1837 Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, Portuguese Archbishop of Goa (d 1880)
1843 Charles Valentine Riley (d 14 Sep 1895, 51).
British-born American entomologist who pioneered the scientific study of insects for their economic impact in agriculture. He was a keen observer of relationships in nature, and enhanced his written observations with drawings. He initiated biological control. After studying the parasites and predators of the cottony cushion scale, which was destroying the citrus industry in California, he introduced (1888) a natural enemy of the scale from Australia. The effectiveness of the Vedalia cardinalis beetle in reducing the populations of the cottony cushion scale promoted the study of biological control of pests. He helped establish the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1875 advertisement for Jesse Shepard concert in Chicago
1848 Francis Grierson, born Benjamin Henry Jesse Francis Shepard composer and pianist (d 1927)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Grierson
1857 John Hessin Clarke, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1945)
1858 Kate Booth, the oldest daughter of William and Catherine Booth (d. 1955)
1859 John L. Bates, 41st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1946)
1859 Lincoln Loy McCandless, American cattle rancher (d. 1940)
1870 Clark Wissler, American anthropologist (d. 1947)
1876 Martin Enoch Waldeland, professor and editor of Augsburg Publishing House, was born in Gundey, Clayton County, Iowa (d. 30 December 1933).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=w&word=WALDELAND.MARTINENOCH
1878 James O. Richardson, American admiral (d. 1974)
1893 William March, American writer (d. 1954)
1900 Willis Laurence James, violinist, music teacher, and folklorist (d. 1966)
1901Harold Clurman, American film producer (d. 1980)
1905 Eddie Anderson, (d 1977)
1905 Edmund Lincoln Anderson (d 28 Feb 1977), also known as Eddie "Rochester" Anderson, American comedian and actor. His most famous role was that of Rochester van Jones, usually known simply as "Rochester", the valet of Jack Benny, on his radio and television shows.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_%22Rochester%22_Anderson
1905 Greta Garbo Stockholm (d 1990) (Ninotchka, Grand Hotel, Camille)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo#Relationships
1905 Agnes de Mille, American choreographer (d. 1993)
1907 Edwin Mattison McMillan, (d 1991) American nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1951 (with Glenn T. Seaborg) for his discovery of element 93. Just as the planet Neptune is beyond Uranus, this new element was named neptunium, the first element beyond uranium, thus called a transuranium element. By irradiating uranium with rapid neutrons or with heavy-hydrogen nuclei (deuterons), other neptunium isotopes were soon produced in Berkeley. By 1940, McMillan with his colleagues working with Seaborg found that the radioactive decay of neptunium disintegrates yields element 94, called plutonium, after the planet Pluto beyond Neptune. During WW II he was engaged in national defence nuclear research.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan
1916 John Jacob Rhodes, Jr., American politician and lawyer (d. 2003)
1917 June Foray, American voice actress
1917 Francis Parker Yockey, American author (d. 1960)
1919 Tommy Hunter, American fiddler (d. 1993)
1920 Jack Warden, American actor (d 2006)
1924 J. D. Tippit, American police officer shot by Lee Harvey Oswald (d 1963)
1925 Harvey Haddix, American baseball player (d. 1994)
1926 Bud Greenspan, American film producer (d. 2010)
1926 Bob Toski, American golfer
1926 Joe Kubert, American comic book artist (d. 2012)
1927 Phyllis Kirk, American actress (d. 2006)
1929 Teddi King, American jazz and pop vocalist (d. 1977)
1929 Nancy Littlefield, American film producer (d. 2007)
1933 Robert Foster Bennett, American senator (Utah)
1933 Robert Blake, American actor
1933 Jimmie Rodgers, American singer and composer
1939 Frankie Avalon, American musician
1939 Fred Willard, American comedian
1944 Michael Franks, American musician
1944 Charles L. Veach, American astronaut (d 1995)
1945 P.F. Sloan, American pop-rock singer and songwriter
1946 Billy Drago, American actor
1946 Otis Sistrunk, American football player
1947 David Forsyth actor (Search for Tomorrow, John-Another World)
1947 Drew Gilpin Faust, American historian
1948 Lynn Abbey, American computer programmer and author
1948 Rodger Beckman, American baseball player
1948 Ken Brett, American baseball player (d. 2003)
1949 Kerry Livgren, American singer (Kansas, AD, Proto-Kaw)
1949 Jim McCrery, American politician
1950 Anna Deavere Smith, American actress and playwright
1951 Benjamin Carson, American neurosurgeon
1951 Tony Scott, American baseball player
1951 Darryl Stingley, American football player (d. 2007)
1952 Rick Pitino, American basketball coach
1952 Dee Dee Ramone, American bassist (The Ramones) (d. 2002)
1953 Betsy Boze née: Vogel, American academic
1953 John McGlinn, American conductor (d. 2009)
1953 Carl Jackson, American country and bluegrass musician
1954 Dennis Johnson, American basketball player (d. 2007)
1954 Steven Pinker, Canadian-American scientist
1954 Tommy Tuberville, American football coach
1955 Keith Morris, American singer and songwriter
1 955 Bob Papenbrook, American voice actor (d. 2006)
1956 Chris Hedges, American journalist and author
1957 Emily Remler, American Jazz Guitarist (d. 1990)
1958 Don Geronimo, American radio personality
1958 Joan Walsh, American writer
1959 Mark Romanek, American filmmaker
1959 Ryne Sandberg, American baseball player
1960 Stephen Flaherty, American composer
1961 James Gandolfini, American actor
1961 Mark Olson (musician), American musician, singer & songwriter
1962 Boris Said, American race car driver
1964 Holly Robinson Peete, American actress
1966 Tom Chorske, American ice hockey player
1967 Ricky Bell, American singer (New Edition, Bell Biv DeVoe)
1969 Cappadonna, American rapper
1970 Mike Compton, American football player
1970 Aisha Tyler, American actress and comedian
1971 Lance Armstrong, American cyclist
1971 Jada Pinkett Smith, American model and actress
1971 Michael Patrick Walker, American composer and lyricist
1973 James Marsden, American actor
1974 Damon Jones, American football player
1974 Travis Schuldt, American actor
1974 Xzibit, American rapper
1975 Jason Sudeikis, American actor and comedian
1979 Alison Lohman, American actress
1980 Jonathan Biss, American classical pianist
1981 Jennifer Tisdale, American actress and model
1984 Jack Carpenter, American actor
1984 Anthony Gonzalez, American football player
1993 Patrick Schwarzenegger, American actor
1630 Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)
1663 St Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (b. 1603)
1783 Benjamin Kennicott, English churchman and Hebrew scholar (b. 1718)
1792 August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German religious leader (b. 1704)
1860 Joseph Locke, English railway builder and civil engineer (b. 1805)
1877 G. Adam Reichert, traveling missionary in western Pennsylvania (b. 1795).
1884 Horace Greely B. Artman, missionary to India, died at Rajahmundry, India (b. 23 Sep 1857).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=A&word=ARTMAN.HORACEGREELYB
1891 William Ferrel, 74, (b 29 Jan 1817) American meteorologist who was an important contributor to the understanding of oceanic and atmospheric circulation. He was able to show the interrelation of the various forces upon the Earth's surface, such as gravity, rotation and friction. Ferrel was first to mathematically demonstrate the influence of the Earth's rotation on the presence of high and low pressure belts encircling the Earth, and on the deflection of air and water currents. The latter was a derivative of the effect theorized by Gustave de Coriolis in 1835, and became known as Ferrel's law. Ferrel also considered the effect that the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon might have on the Earth's rotation and concluded (without proof, but correctly) that the Earth's axis wobbles a bit.
1892 James Bicheno Francis, 77 (born 18 May 1815).
British-American engineer who originated scientific methods to test hydraulic machinery and invented the Francis mixed-flow reaction turbine (combining radial- and axial-flow) for low-pressure installations. He emigrated to the U.S. at age 18, and joined the Locks and Canal Co., Lowell, Mass. In 1837, he became its Chief Engineer until retirement. The company owned and operated Lowell's canal system providing waterpower for the textile industry there. Francis designed a more efficient successor to the Boyden turbine, with Uriah A. Boyden of Boston. Being half the size but equal in power, two fit in each wheel pit and doubled power generation.The turbine acted as a hydraulic motor to drive many mill machines through belts and line shafts. He was a founding member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and its president in 1880.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bicheno_Francis
1905 George MacDonald (b. 10 Dec 1824), Scottish novelist and poet.
"There was once a little princess whose father was king over a great country full of mountains and valleys. His palace was built upon one of the mountains, and was very grand and beautiful. The princess, whose name was Irene, was born there, but she was sent soon after her birth, because her mother was not very strong, to be brought up by country people in a large house, half castle, half farmhouse, on the side of another mountain, about half-way between its base and its peak."
That is the opening of George MacDonald's most famous book, The Princess and the Goblin, a nineteenth-century fairy tale. Like each of George MacDonald's fifty books, it is full of spiritual meaning. This is not surprising, for George was a Scottish clergyman.
He was born into a farming family at Huntley, West Aberdeenshire. That he had a gifted mind was obvious when he attended Aberdeen College, where he won prizes in chemistry and science. However, it was not science he pursued with his life, but the Christian faith. He became a Congregational pastor.
But George did not do well in the ministry. He did not have the kind of mind that could be squeezed into anyone else's theological mould and he veered from accepted dogma and doctrine. This led him to soaring beauties of faith. For example, speaking of the devil tempting Christ to turn a stone to bread, he could say, "The Lord could hunger, could starve, but would not change into another thing what his father had made one thing. If we shall regard the answer he gave the devil, we shall see the root of the matter at once: 'Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.' Yes, even by the word which made that stone a stone."
However, George also drifted into a view that his congregation (with most Christians through the ages), believed contradicted the Bible. He taught Universalism, the view that everyone will eventually be saved. His people chafed under such teaching. After three troubled years with his congregation, he resigned.
To earn a living, he became a writer. Once his imagination was let loose, he created some of the most original works of the nineteenth-century. Two outstanding Christian apologists of the twentieth-century acknowledged their debt to him. C. S. Lewis said, "I have never concealed the fact that I regarded him as my master; indeed I fancy I have never written a book in which I did not quote from him." G. K. Chesterton wrote, "...I for one can really testify to a book that has made a difference to my whole existence...Of all the stories I have read, including even all the novels of the same novelist, it remains the most real, the most realistic, in the exact sense of the phrase the most like life. It is called and is by George MacDonald..."
One can almost hear one of Chesterton's famous paradoxes in MacDonald's delightful lines:
"They were all looking for a king,
to slay their foes and lift them high;
thou cam'st a little baby thing
that made a woman cry."
In addition to fairy tales, George wrote fantasy, novels, poems, and sermons. However, he barely made enough from his books to support his family. He was often dependent on the kindness of friends. Sickly all of his life, he found he did best in warm climates and built himself a home in Italy. However, he died on this day, September 18, 1905 not in sunny Italy, but in Ashstead, England.
His novels have been modernized (the originals often use Gaelic in their dialog). One of the best, Alec Forbes of Howglen has been reprinted as The Maiden's Bequest.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630683/
1930 Carrie E. Rounsefell, 69, New England music evangelist. It was Rounsefell who composed the hymn tune MANCHESTER, to which we sing today, "I'll Go Where You Want Me to Go."
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/r/o/u/rounsefell_ce.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/i/g/o/igowhere.htm
1944 Robert G. Cole American Paratrooper of the 101st, 502nd division (b. 1915)
1949 Frank Morgan, American actor (b. 1890)
1951 Gelett Burgess, American literary humorist (b. 1866)
1961 Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General and distinguished economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1905)
1968 Franchot Tone, American actor (b. 1905)
1970 Jimi Hendrix, American musician (b. 1942)
1980 Katherine Anne Porter, American novelist (b. 1890)
1994 Archer Gordon, 73 (b 8 Jan 1921) American physician who contributed to the acceptance of the lifesaving CPR technique. In 1949-50, he evaluated the various methods of artificial ventilation with arm maneuvers and chest compressions used at the time, and found them to be of marginal benefit. Dr. James Elam published the first scientific paper (1956) showing that oxygen could be delivered into a non-breathing patient's lungs from a rescuer's exhaled breath, using a tube. Dr. Peter Safar followed with a simple gadget-free method, exhaling air directly into the mouth of a non-breathing person (1957). At the University of Southern California, quickly repeated the experiments in children. Within a year, these three doctors convinced the world to change artificial breathing methods.
1998 Charlie Foxx, American singer (b. 1939)
2002 Bob Hayes, American athlete (b. 1942)
2003 Emil Fackenheim, German Holocaust survivor and philosopher (b. 1916)
2004 Russ Meyer, American film director (b. 1922)
2006 Edward J. King, 66th Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1925)
2008 Ron Lancaster, American-born football player (b. 1938)
2009 Mahlon Bush Hoagland, 87 (b 5 Oct 1921) American biochemist who helped discover transfer RNA.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahlon_Hoagland
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day:
Constantius (Theban Legion)
Eustorgius I
Joseph of Cupertino
Methodius of Olympus
Richardis
September 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Saint Eumenes, Bishop of Gortyna (7th century)
Martyr Ariadne of Phrygia (2nd century)
Martyrs Sophia and Irene of Egypt (3rd century)
Martyr Castor of Alexandria
Saint Arcadius, Bishop of Novgorod (1163)
St. Romilus of Ravanica, Serbia (1375)
Great-martyrs Prince Bidzin, Prince Elizbar, and Prince Shalva of Georgia (1661)
Saint Hilarion of Optina Monastery (1873)
New Hieromartyr Amphilochius (Skvortsov), bishop of Krasnoyarsk (1937)
Other Commemorations
Repose of Blessed Irene of the Green Hill Monastery (18th century)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0918.htm
www.lcms.org/page.aspx?pid=387
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.christianity.com/HistoryByDay/0918/
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_18.htm
www.history.com/
www.hymntime.com/tch/
There are 104 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 49
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
1502 Christopher Columbus lands at Costa Rica on his fourth, and final, voyage.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus
1634 Anne Hutchinson arrives in the New World. Anne Hutchinson, an Englishwoman who would become an outspoken religious thinker in the American colonies, arrives at the Massachusetts Bay Colony with her family.
She settled in Cambridge and began organizing meetings of Boston women in her home, leading them in discussions of recent sermons and religious issues. Soon ministers and magistrates began attending her sessions as well. Hutchinson preached that faith alone was sufficient for salvation, and therefore that individuals had no need for the church or church law. By 1637, her influence had become so great that she was brought to trial and found guilty of heresy against Puritan orthodoxy. Banished from Massachusetts, she led a group of 70 followers to Rhode Island--Roger Williams' colony based on religious freedom--and established a settlement on the island of Aquidneck.
After the death of her husband in 1642, she settled near present-day Pelham Bay, New York, on the Long Island Sound. In 1643, she and all but one of her children were massacred in an Indian attack. She is recognized as the first notable woman religious leader in the American colonies.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/anne-hutchinson-arrives-in-the-new-world
1679 New Hampshire becomes a county of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
1714 George I arrives in Great Britain for the first time since becoming king on August 1st.
1739 The Treaty of Belgrade is signed, ceding Belgrade to the Ottoman Empire.
1759 The British capture Quebec City.
1793 On this day in 1793, George Washington lays the cornerstone to the United States Capitol building, the home of the legislative branch of American government. The building would take nearly a century to complete, as architects came and went, the British set fire to it and it was called into use during the Civil War. Today, the Capitol building, with its famous cast-iron dome and important collection of American art, is part of the Capitol Complex, which includes six Congressional office buildings and three Library of Congress buildings, all developed in the 19th and 20th centuries.
As a young nation, the United States had no permanent capital, and Congress met in eight different cities, including Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia, before 1791. In 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which gave President Washington the power to select a permanent home for the federal government. The following year, he chose what would become the District of Columbia from land provided by Maryland. Washington picked three commissioners to oversee the capital city's development and they in turn chose French engineer Pierre Charles L'Enfant to come up with the design. However, L'Enfant clashed with the commissioners and was fired in 1792. A design competition was then held, with a Scotsman named William Thornton submitting the winning entry for the Capitol building. In September 1793, Washington laid the Capitol's cornerstone and the lengthy construction process, which would involve a line of project managers and architects, got under way.
In 1800, Congress moved into the Capitol's north wing. In 1807, the House of Representatives moved into the building's south wing, which was finished in 1811. During the War of 1812, the British invaded Washington, D.C., and set fire to the Capitol on August 24, 1814. A rainstorm saved the building from total destruction. Congress met in nearby temporary quarters from 1815 to 1819. In the early 1850s, work began to expand the Capitol to accommodate the growing number of Congressmen. In 1861, construction was temporarily halted while the Capitol was used by Union troops as a hospital and barracks. Following the war, expansions and modern upgrades to the building continued into the next century.
Today, the Capitol, which is visited by 3 million to 5 million people each year, has 540 rooms and covers a ground area of about four acres.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/capitol-cornerstone-is-laid
1810 First Government Junta in Chile. Though supposed to rule only in the absence of the king, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
1812 The 1812 Fire of Moscow dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from the Petrovsky Palace to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
1830 B&O locomotive Tom Thumb, the first locomotive built in America, lost in a 14-km race with a horse due to a boiler leak.
1837 Tiffany and Co. (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by Charles Lewis Tiffany and Teddy Young in New York City. The store is called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
1838 The Anti-Corn Law League is established by Richard Cobden.
1845 A Document of Separation was signed at Cleveland by nine pastors leaving the Ohio Synod. Most eventually joined the Missouri Synod. The nine included Wilhelm Sihler (1801–1885) and C. A. T. Selle (1819–1898).
Map of the route taken by the Donner Party, showing Hastings Cutoff—which added 150 miles (240 km) to their travels—in orange
1846 The struggling Donner Party sends ahead to California for food. Weeks behind schedule and the massive Sierra Nevada mountains still to be crossed, on this day in 1846, the members of the ill-fated Donner party realize they are running short of supplies and send two men ahead to California to bring back food.
The group of 89 emigrants had begun their western trek earlier that summer in Springfield, Illinois, under the leadership of the brothers Jacob and George Donner. Unfortunately, the Donner brothers had recently read The Emigrant's Guide to Oregon and California, the imaginative creation of an irresponsible author-adventurer named Lansford Hastings, who wanted to encourage more overland emigrants to travel to the Sacramento Valley of California. The Donners innocently accepted Hastings' claim that a shorter route he had blazed to California would cut weeks off the usual trip and agreed to place the fate of the wagon train in his hands once they reached Fort Bridger, Wyoming. From that point forward, the men, women, and children of the Donner Party were in trouble.
Though the so-called Hastings Cutoff was indeed shorter than the usual route, Hastings' glowing descriptions of his trail irresponsibly downplayed its many difficulties, as the Donner party soon discovered. After following a boulder-strewn and nearly impassable route over the Wasatch Range in Utah, the party embarked on an arduous six-day trek across the desert-a journey that Hastings had promised would take only two days. Lightening their loads by abandoning chairs, family heirlooms, wagons, and livestock to be swallowed up by the blazing sands, the emigrants struggled onward towards the Sierra Nevada.
A month after the two men had left for California, one returned with the desperately needed provisions as well as two Indian guides to help lead the party on the final stage of the trip through the Sierras. But by then it was already late October. Hastings' "shortcut" had cost the Donner group so much time that they now risked being trapped in the high mountains if an early snowstorm chanced to fall. Unfortunately for the luckless emigrants, just such a snowstorm arrived on the night of October 28. The next day the Donner party was snowbound in the Sierras.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-struggling-donner-party-sends-ahead-to-california-for-food
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donner_Party
1850 The U.S. Congress passes the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Law
1851 First publication of The New-York Daily Times, which later becomes The New York Times.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times
1851 The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Northern Illinois was organized at Cedarville, Illinois.
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=i&word=ILLINOIS.EVANGELICALLUTHERANSYNODOFNORTHERN
1870 Old Faithful Geyser is observed and named by Henry D. Washburn during the Washburn-Langford-Doane Expedition to Yellowstone.
1873 Panic of 1873: The U.S. bank Jay Cooke & Company declares bankruptcy, triggering a series of bank failures.
1879 The Blackpool Illuminations are switched on for the first time.
1882 The Pacific Stock Exchange opens.
1884 The Brooklyn Tabernacle was packed for the funeral of Jerry McAuley (b. 1839), founder of New York’s Water Street Mission, a pioneer among American rescue missions.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_McAuley
www.waterstreetministries.org/WaterStreetMinistries/WaterStreetMission.aspx
1885 Riots break out in Montreal to protest against compulsory smallpox vaccination.
1895 Booker T. Washington delivers the "Atlanta Compromise" address.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta_Compromise
1895 Daniel David Palmer gives the first chiropractic adjustment.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_David_Palmer
1898 Fashoda Incident - Lord Kitchener's ships reach Fashoda, Sudan.
1906 A typhoon with tsunami kills an estimated 10,000 people in Hong Kong.
1914 The Irish Home Rule Act becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
1914 World War I: South African troops land in German South West Africa.
1918 Battle of Epehy On this day in 1918, near the French village of Epehy, the British 4th Army, commanded by Sir Henry Rawlinson, attacks German forward outposts in front of the Hindenburg Line, Germany’s last line of defense on the Western Front during World War I.
Named by the British for the German commander in chief, Paul von Hindenburg—the Germans referred to it as the Siegfried Line—the Hindenburg Line was a semi-permanent line of defenses that Hindenburg ordered created several miles behind the German front lines in late 1916. The following spring, the German army made a well-planned withdrawal to this heavily fortified defensive zone, burning and looting villages and countryside as they passed, in order to buy themselves time and confuse the Allied plans of attack. By early September 1918, Allied forces had effectively countered the major German spring offensive of that year and had reached the furthest forward positions of the Hindenburg Line, considered by many on both sides to be impregnable.
Reluctant to launch an offensive attack on the line itself, the British commander in chief, Sir Douglas Haig, at first overruled a planned assault by General Rawlinson of the 4th Army against the established and heavily fortified German positions. On the heels of Allied successes at Havrincourt and Saint-Mihiel—executed by British and American forces respectively—Haig changed his mind and authorized the attack by all three corps of Rawlinson’s army, aided by a corps of the 3rd Army fresh from its success at Havrincourt.
The British-led assault went ahead on the morning of September 18, 1918, with a creeping artillery barrage from approximately 1,500 guns, as well as 300 machine guns. Although the Germans held steady on both flanks, they were soundly defeated in the center by the Allied advance, led by two Australian divisions under General John Monash. By the end of the day, the Allies had advanced some three miles, a modest result that nonetheless encouraged Haig and his fellow commanders to proceed with further attacks to capitalize on the emerging German weaknesses. By the end of the month, pressing their advantage and pushing ahead with their so-called "Hundred Days Offensive," the Allies had done the seemingly impossible: broken the formidable Hindenburg Line.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-epehy
1919 The Netherlands gives women the right to vote.
1919 Fritz Pollard becomes the first African-American to play professional football for a major team, the Akron Pros.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Pollard
1922 Hungary is admitted to League of Nations.
1924 A complete Bible translation of the Old and New Testaments was published by American Bible scholar and historian James Moffatt, 54. Moffatt's intention was to make available to the lay reader, in simple language, a current scholarly understanding of the biblical text.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Moffatt
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moffatt,_New_Translation
1927 Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System went on the air with 47 radio stations. However, the radio network lost money in its first year, and on 18 Jan 1929 Columbia Records sold out to a group of private investors for $400,000, headed by William S. Paley, a Philadelphia cigar manufacturer. The radio network was renamed The Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS
1931 The Mukden Incident gives Japan the pretext to invade and occupy Manchuria.
1934 The USSR is admitted to League of Nations.
1939 World War II: Polish government of Ignacy Moúcicki flees to Romania.
1939 The Nazi propaganda broadcaster known as Lord Haw-Haw begins transmitting.
1943 World War II: The Jews of Minsk are massacred at Sobibór.
1943 World War II: Adolf Hitler orders the deportation of Danish Jews.
1944 World War II: The British submarine HMS Tradewind torpedoes Junyô Maru, 5,600 killed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_ship#Juny.C5.8D_Maru
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juny%C5%8D_Maru
1945 General Douglas MacArthur moves his command headquarters to Tokyo, as he prepares for his new role as architect of a democratic and capitalist postwar Japan.
Japan had had a long history of its foreign policy being dominated by the military, as evidenced by Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoye's failed attempts to reform his government and being virtually pushed out of power by career army officer Hideki Tojo. MacArthur was given the task of overseeing the regeneration of a Japan shorn of its imperial past. As humiliating as it would be for the defeated Japanese, the supreme allied commander in the South Pacific would lay the groundwork for Japan's rebirth as an economic global superpower.
The career of Douglas MacArthur is composed of one striking achievement after another. When he graduated from West Point, only one other person, Robert E. Lee, had exceeded MacArthur's performance, in terms of awards and average, in the institution's history. His performance in World War I, during combat in France, won him decorations for valor and resulted in his becoming the youngest general in the Army at the time. He retired from the Army in 1934, only to be appointed head of the Philippine Army by its president (the Philippines had U.S. Commonwealth status at the time).
When World War II broke out, MacArthur was called back to active service-as commanding general of the U.S. Army in the Far East. Because of MacArthur's time in the Far East, and the awesome respect he commanded in the Philippines, his judgment had become somewhat distorted and his vision of U.S. military strategy as a whole myopic. He was convinced that he could defeat Japan if it invaded the Philippines. In the long term, he was correct. But in the short term, the United States suffered disastrous defeats at Bataan and Corregidor. By the time U.S. forces were forced to surrender, he had already shipped out, on orders from President Roosevelt. As he left, he uttered his immortal line, "I shall return."
Refusing to admit defeat, MacArthur was awarded supreme command in the Southwest Pacific, capturing New Guinea from the Japanese with an innovative "leap frog" strategy. True to his word, he returned to the Philippines in October 1944. With the help of the U.S. Navy, which succeeded in destroying the Japanese fleet, leaving the Japanese garrisons on the islands without reinforcements, the Army defeated adamantine Japanese resistance. On March 3, 1945, MacArthur handed control of the Philippine capital back to its president.
On September 2, 1945, MacArthur signed the instrument of surrender on behalf of the victorious Allies, aboard the USS Missouri, docked in Tokyo Bay. But the man who oversaw Japan's defeat was about to put it on the road to its own kind of victory.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/macarthur-in-tokyo
1947 The United States Air Force becomes an independent branch of the United States armed forces.
1947 The National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency were established in the United States under the National Security Act.
1948 Operation Polo is terminated after Indian Army accepts the surrender of Nizam's Army.
1948 Margaret Chase Smith of Maine becomes the first woman elected to the US Senate without completing another senator's term, when she defeats Democratic opponent Adrian Scolten.
1959 Vanguard 3 is launched into Earth orbit.
1960 Fidel Castro arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuban delegation to the United Nations.
1961 U.N. Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld dies in a plane crash while attempting to negotiate peace in the war-torn Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1962 Burundi, Jamaica, Rwanda and Trinidad and Tobago are admitted to the United Nations.
1962 The Full Gospel Fellowship of Churches and Ministers International was founded in Dallas by Gordon Lindsay, 56. In 1967, the name was changed to Christ for the Nations. It ministers today as a service agency supporting foreign missions through fund raising and literature distribution.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Lindsay
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_for_the_Nations_Institute
1964 North Vietnamese Army begins infiltration of South Vietnam.
1973 The Bahamas, East Germany and West Germany are admitted to the United Nations.
1974 Hurricane Fifi strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
1975 Patty Hearst is arrested after a year on the FBI Most Wanted List.
1977 Voyager I takes first photograph of the Earth and the Moon together.
1980 Soyuz 38 carries 2 cosmonauts (including 1 Cuban) to Salyut 6 space station.
1984 Joe Kittinger completes the first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
1988 End of pro-democracy uprisings in Myanmar after a bloody military coup by the State Law and Order Restoration Council. Thousands, mostly monks and civilians (primarily students) are killed by the Tatmadaw.
1992 An explosion rocks Giant Mine at the height of a labor dispute, killing 9 replacement workers.
1997 United States media magnate Ted Turner donates USD 1 billion to the United Nations.
1998 ICANN is formed.
2001 First mailing of anthrax letters from Trenton, New Jersey in the 2001 anthrax attacks.
2007 Pervez Musharraf announces that he will step down as army chief and restore civilian rule to Pakistan, but only after he is re-elected president.
2007 Buddhist monks join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some called the Saffron Revolution.
2009 The 72 year run of the soap opera The Guiding Light ends as its final episode is broadcast.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Births~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
52 Marcus Ulpius Trajan, Emperor of Rome from AD 98-117. He was the third Roman emperor to rule, after Nero (54-68) and Domitian (81-96), who persecuted the Early Church. During Trajan's reign, the apostolic father Ignatius of Antioch was martyred, in AD 117.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trajan
1733 George Read, American Declaration of Independence signatory (d 1798)
1765 Pope Gregory XVI (d 1846)
1757 Moses Henkel, Methodist preacher (only non-Lutheran pastor among the early Henkels), (d. 28 July 1827).
1765 Oliver Holden, early Puritan pastor and statesman. His love for music is demonstrated in the hymn tune CORONATION ("All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name"), which he composed in 1792 at the age of 27.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/h/o/l/holden_o.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/a/h/t/ahtpojn.htm
1779 Joseph Story, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1845)
1812 Herschel Vespasian Johnson, American politician (d. 1880)
1819 Jean-Bernard-Leon Foucault, his pendulum proved Earth rotates.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Foucault
1837 Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos, Portuguese Archbishop of Goa (d 1880)
1843 Charles Valentine Riley (d 14 Sep 1895, 51).
British-born American entomologist who pioneered the scientific study of insects for their economic impact in agriculture. He was a keen observer of relationships in nature, and enhanced his written observations with drawings. He initiated biological control. After studying the parasites and predators of the cottony cushion scale, which was destroying the citrus industry in California, he introduced (1888) a natural enemy of the scale from Australia. The effectiveness of the Vedalia cardinalis beetle in reducing the populations of the cottony cushion scale promoted the study of biological control of pests. He helped establish the Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
1875 advertisement for Jesse Shepard concert in Chicago
1848 Francis Grierson, born Benjamin Henry Jesse Francis Shepard composer and pianist (d 1927)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Grierson
1857 John Hessin Clarke, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1945)
1858 Kate Booth, the oldest daughter of William and Catherine Booth (d. 1955)
1859 John L. Bates, 41st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1946)
1859 Lincoln Loy McCandless, American cattle rancher (d. 1940)
1870 Clark Wissler, American anthropologist (d. 1947)
1876 Martin Enoch Waldeland, professor and editor of Augsburg Publishing House, was born in Gundey, Clayton County, Iowa (d. 30 December 1933).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=w&word=WALDELAND.MARTINENOCH
1878 James O. Richardson, American admiral (d. 1974)
1893 William March, American writer (d. 1954)
1900 Willis Laurence James, violinist, music teacher, and folklorist (d. 1966)
1901Harold Clurman, American film producer (d. 1980)
1905 Eddie Anderson, (d 1977)
1905 Edmund Lincoln Anderson (d 28 Feb 1977), also known as Eddie "Rochester" Anderson, American comedian and actor. His most famous role was that of Rochester van Jones, usually known simply as "Rochester", the valet of Jack Benny, on his radio and television shows.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_%22Rochester%22_Anderson
1905 Greta Garbo Stockholm (d 1990) (Ninotchka, Grand Hotel, Camille)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Garbo#Relationships
1905 Agnes de Mille, American choreographer (d. 1993)
1907 Edwin Mattison McMillan, (d 1991) American nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1951 (with Glenn T. Seaborg) for his discovery of element 93. Just as the planet Neptune is beyond Uranus, this new element was named neptunium, the first element beyond uranium, thus called a transuranium element. By irradiating uranium with rapid neutrons or with heavy-hydrogen nuclei (deuterons), other neptunium isotopes were soon produced in Berkeley. By 1940, McMillan with his colleagues working with Seaborg found that the radioactive decay of neptunium disintegrates yields element 94, called plutonium, after the planet Pluto beyond Neptune. During WW II he was engaged in national defence nuclear research.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan
1916 John Jacob Rhodes, Jr., American politician and lawyer (d. 2003)
1917 June Foray, American voice actress
1917 Francis Parker Yockey, American author (d. 1960)
1919 Tommy Hunter, American fiddler (d. 1993)
1920 Jack Warden, American actor (d 2006)
1924 J. D. Tippit, American police officer shot by Lee Harvey Oswald (d 1963)
1925 Harvey Haddix, American baseball player (d. 1994)
1926 Bud Greenspan, American film producer (d. 2010)
1926 Bob Toski, American golfer
1926 Joe Kubert, American comic book artist (d. 2012)
1927 Phyllis Kirk, American actress (d. 2006)
1929 Teddi King, American jazz and pop vocalist (d. 1977)
1929 Nancy Littlefield, American film producer (d. 2007)
1933 Robert Foster Bennett, American senator (Utah)
1933 Robert Blake, American actor
1933 Jimmie Rodgers, American singer and composer
1939 Frankie Avalon, American musician
1939 Fred Willard, American comedian
1944 Michael Franks, American musician
1944 Charles L. Veach, American astronaut (d 1995)
1945 P.F. Sloan, American pop-rock singer and songwriter
1946 Billy Drago, American actor
1946 Otis Sistrunk, American football player
1947 David Forsyth actor (Search for Tomorrow, John-Another World)
1947 Drew Gilpin Faust, American historian
1948 Lynn Abbey, American computer programmer and author
1948 Rodger Beckman, American baseball player
1948 Ken Brett, American baseball player (d. 2003)
1949 Kerry Livgren, American singer (Kansas, AD, Proto-Kaw)
1949 Jim McCrery, American politician
1950 Anna Deavere Smith, American actress and playwright
1951 Benjamin Carson, American neurosurgeon
1951 Tony Scott, American baseball player
1951 Darryl Stingley, American football player (d. 2007)
1952 Rick Pitino, American basketball coach
1952 Dee Dee Ramone, American bassist (The Ramones) (d. 2002)
1953 Betsy Boze née: Vogel, American academic
1953 John McGlinn, American conductor (d. 2009)
1953 Carl Jackson, American country and bluegrass musician
1954 Dennis Johnson, American basketball player (d. 2007)
1954 Steven Pinker, Canadian-American scientist
1954 Tommy Tuberville, American football coach
1955 Keith Morris, American singer and songwriter
1 955 Bob Papenbrook, American voice actor (d. 2006)
1956 Chris Hedges, American journalist and author
1957 Emily Remler, American Jazz Guitarist (d. 1990)
1958 Don Geronimo, American radio personality
1958 Joan Walsh, American writer
1959 Mark Romanek, American filmmaker
1959 Ryne Sandberg, American baseball player
1960 Stephen Flaherty, American composer
1961 James Gandolfini, American actor
1961 Mark Olson (musician), American musician, singer & songwriter
1962 Boris Said, American race car driver
1964 Holly Robinson Peete, American actress
1966 Tom Chorske, American ice hockey player
1967 Ricky Bell, American singer (New Edition, Bell Biv DeVoe)
1969 Cappadonna, American rapper
1970 Mike Compton, American football player
1970 Aisha Tyler, American actress and comedian
1971 Lance Armstrong, American cyclist
1971 Jada Pinkett Smith, American model and actress
1971 Michael Patrick Walker, American composer and lyricist
1973 James Marsden, American actor
1974 Damon Jones, American football player
1974 Travis Schuldt, American actor
1974 Xzibit, American rapper
1975 Jason Sudeikis, American actor and comedian
1979 Alison Lohman, American actress
1980 Jonathan Biss, American classical pianist
1981 Jennifer Tisdale, American actress and model
1984 Jack Carpenter, American actor
1984 Anthony Gonzalez, American football player
1993 Patrick Schwarzenegger, American actor
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Deaths~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1630 Melchior Klesl, Austrian cardinal and statesman (b. 1552)
1663 St Joseph of Cupertino, Italian saint (b. 1603)
1783 Benjamin Kennicott, English churchman and Hebrew scholar (b. 1718)
1792 August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German religious leader (b. 1704)
1860 Joseph Locke, English railway builder and civil engineer (b. 1805)
1877 G. Adam Reichert, traveling missionary in western Pennsylvania (b. 1795).
1884 Horace Greely B. Artman, missionary to India, died at Rajahmundry, India (b. 23 Sep 1857).
cyclopedia.lcms.org/display.asp?t1=A&word=ARTMAN.HORACEGREELYB
1891 William Ferrel, 74, (b 29 Jan 1817) American meteorologist who was an important contributor to the understanding of oceanic and atmospheric circulation. He was able to show the interrelation of the various forces upon the Earth's surface, such as gravity, rotation and friction. Ferrel was first to mathematically demonstrate the influence of the Earth's rotation on the presence of high and low pressure belts encircling the Earth, and on the deflection of air and water currents. The latter was a derivative of the effect theorized by Gustave de Coriolis in 1835, and became known as Ferrel's law. Ferrel also considered the effect that the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon might have on the Earth's rotation and concluded (without proof, but correctly) that the Earth's axis wobbles a bit.
1892 James Bicheno Francis, 77 (born 18 May 1815).
British-American engineer who originated scientific methods to test hydraulic machinery and invented the Francis mixed-flow reaction turbine (combining radial- and axial-flow) for low-pressure installations. He emigrated to the U.S. at age 18, and joined the Locks and Canal Co., Lowell, Mass. In 1837, he became its Chief Engineer until retirement. The company owned and operated Lowell's canal system providing waterpower for the textile industry there. Francis designed a more efficient successor to the Boyden turbine, with Uriah A. Boyden of Boston. Being half the size but equal in power, two fit in each wheel pit and doubled power generation.The turbine acted as a hydraulic motor to drive many mill machines through belts and line shafts. He was a founding member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and its president in 1880.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bicheno_Francis
1905 George MacDonald (b. 10 Dec 1824), Scottish novelist and poet.
"There was once a little princess whose father was king over a great country full of mountains and valleys. His palace was built upon one of the mountains, and was very grand and beautiful. The princess, whose name was Irene, was born there, but she was sent soon after her birth, because her mother was not very strong, to be brought up by country people in a large house, half castle, half farmhouse, on the side of another mountain, about half-way between its base and its peak."
That is the opening of George MacDonald's most famous book, The Princess and the Goblin, a nineteenth-century fairy tale. Like each of George MacDonald's fifty books, it is full of spiritual meaning. This is not surprising, for George was a Scottish clergyman.
He was born into a farming family at Huntley, West Aberdeenshire. That he had a gifted mind was obvious when he attended Aberdeen College, where he won prizes in chemistry and science. However, it was not science he pursued with his life, but the Christian faith. He became a Congregational pastor.
But George did not do well in the ministry. He did not have the kind of mind that could be squeezed into anyone else's theological mould and he veered from accepted dogma and doctrine. This led him to soaring beauties of faith. For example, speaking of the devil tempting Christ to turn a stone to bread, he could say, "The Lord could hunger, could starve, but would not change into another thing what his father had made one thing. If we shall regard the answer he gave the devil, we shall see the root of the matter at once: 'Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceedeth out of the mouth of God.' Yes, even by the word which made that stone a stone."
However, George also drifted into a view that his congregation (with most Christians through the ages), believed contradicted the Bible. He taught Universalism, the view that everyone will eventually be saved. His people chafed under such teaching. After three troubled years with his congregation, he resigned.
To earn a living, he became a writer. Once his imagination was let loose, he created some of the most original works of the nineteenth-century. Two outstanding Christian apologists of the twentieth-century acknowledged their debt to him. C. S. Lewis said, "I have never concealed the fact that I regarded him as my master; indeed I fancy I have never written a book in which I did not quote from him." G. K. Chesterton wrote, "...I for one can really testify to a book that has made a difference to my whole existence...Of all the stories I have read, including even all the novels of the same novelist, it remains the most real, the most realistic, in the exact sense of the phrase the most like life. It is called and is by George MacDonald..."
One can almost hear one of Chesterton's famous paradoxes in MacDonald's delightful lines:
"They were all looking for a king,
to slay their foes and lift them high;
thou cam'st a little baby thing
that made a woman cry."
In addition to fairy tales, George wrote fantasy, novels, poems, and sermons. However, he barely made enough from his books to support his family. He was often dependent on the kindness of friends. Sickly all of his life, he found he did best in warm climates and built himself a home in Italy. However, he died on this day, September 18, 1905 not in sunny Italy, but in Ashstead, England.
His novels have been modernized (the originals often use Gaelic in their dialog). One of the best, Alec Forbes of Howglen has been reprinted as The Maiden's Bequest.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630683/
1930 Carrie E. Rounsefell, 69, New England music evangelist. It was Rounsefell who composed the hymn tune MANCHESTER, to which we sing today, "I'll Go Where You Want Me to Go."
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/r/o/u/rounsefell_ce.htm
www.hymntime.com/tch/htm/i/g/o/igowhere.htm
1944 Robert G. Cole American Paratrooper of the 101st, 502nd division (b. 1915)
1949 Frank Morgan, American actor (b. 1890)
1951 Gelett Burgess, American literary humorist (b. 1866)
1961 Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General and distinguished economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1905)
1968 Franchot Tone, American actor (b. 1905)
1970 Jimi Hendrix, American musician (b. 1942)
1980 Katherine Anne Porter, American novelist (b. 1890)
1994 Archer Gordon, 73 (b 8 Jan 1921) American physician who contributed to the acceptance of the lifesaving CPR technique. In 1949-50, he evaluated the various methods of artificial ventilation with arm maneuvers and chest compressions used at the time, and found them to be of marginal benefit. Dr. James Elam published the first scientific paper (1956) showing that oxygen could be delivered into a non-breathing patient's lungs from a rescuer's exhaled breath, using a tube. Dr. Peter Safar followed with a simple gadget-free method, exhaling air directly into the mouth of a non-breathing person (1957). At the University of Southern California, quickly repeated the experiments in children. Within a year, these three doctors convinced the world to change artificial breathing methods.
1998 Charlie Foxx, American singer (b. 1939)
2002 Bob Hayes, American athlete (b. 1942)
2003 Emil Fackenheim, German Holocaust survivor and philosopher (b. 1916)
2004 Russ Meyer, American film director (b. 1922)
2006 Edward J. King, 66th Governor of Massachusetts (b. 1925)
2008 Ron Lancaster, American-born football player (b. 1938)
2009 Mahlon Bush Hoagland, 87 (b 5 Oct 1921) American biochemist who helped discover transfer RNA.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahlon_Hoagland
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day:
Constantius (Theban Legion)
Eustorgius I
Joseph of Cupertino
Methodius of Olympus
Richardis
September 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Saint Eumenes, Bishop of Gortyna (7th century)
Martyr Ariadne of Phrygia (2nd century)
Martyrs Sophia and Irene of Egypt (3rd century)
Martyr Castor of Alexandria
Saint Arcadius, Bishop of Novgorod (1163)
St. Romilus of Ravanica, Serbia (1375)
Great-martyrs Prince Bidzin, Prince Elizbar, and Prince Shalva of Georgia (1661)
Saint Hilarion of Optina Monastery (1873)
New Hieromartyr Amphilochius (Skvortsov), bishop of Krasnoyarsk (1937)
Other Commemorations
Repose of Blessed Irene of the Green Hill Monastery (18th century)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0918.htm
www.lcms.org/page.aspx?pid=387
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.christianity.com/HistoryByDay/0918/
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_18.htm
www.history.com/
www.hymntime.com/tch/