Post by farmgal on Sept 11, 2012 22:10:30 GMT -5
September 13th is the 257th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 109 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 54
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1309 A pair of French inquisitors arrived in England to prosecute the Knights Templar. They were stopped by English Common Law.
1541 John Calvin (1509–1564) returned to Geneva at the request of city authorities who had banished him three years earlier. There he would spend the rest of his life trying to establish a theocratic society.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin
1549 The first session of the Council of Trent closed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trent
Roger Williams statue by Franklin Simmons
1635 - The Massachusetts General Court banished Separatist preacher Roger Williams, 32, for criticizing the Massachusetts Bay Company charter and for perpetually advocating a separation of church and state.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)
1788 - New York City becomes capital of the United States. The US Constitutional Convention authorized the first national election and declared New York City the temporary capital of the US. Hoping to convince the new Congress to make their city the permanent seat of government, local business interests contributed funding for a major expansion of the city hall. When Congress convened for the first time on March 4, 1789, the old building had been converted into a splendid capitol, optimistically renamed Federal Hall. The Senate chamber occupied a richly carpeted forty-by-thirty-foot-long room on the building's second floor. The chamber's most striking features were its high arched ceiling, tall windows curtained in crimson damask, fireplace mantels in handsomely polished marble, and a presiding officer's chair elevated three feet from the floor and placed under a crimson canopy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City
1806 - American sympathizer Charles James Fox dies in Britain. On this day in 1806, Charles James Fox, first foreign secretary of the United Kingdom and vocal supporter of American independence, dies in Chiswick, Devon, England.
Fox was born to noble parents, Henry Fox, later first Baron Holland, and Lady Caroline Lennox, daughter of the second Duke of Richmond, and received a noble education at Eton College and Oxford University. Despite this traditional upbringing, he devoted his political career to defending liberty and was adamantly opposed to slavery. His personal life, however, was quite different: it revolved around gambling, fashion, debt and adultery.
The Fox family suffered public humiliation when King George III rejected Charles’ aunt, Lady Sarah Lennox, as a potential fiancée after enjoying a very public flirtation with her in 1760-61. The relationship between George III and Charles James Fox, then, was marked by both personal and political animosity. Fox supported the protesting American colonists during his first stint in Parliament from 1768 to 1772, and the citizens of Foxborough, Massachusetts, responded by naming their town in his honor. Fox eventually resigned from Parliament after a squabble with George III and, while out of office, developed a strong friendship with British radical Edmund Burke, who also supported the American cause.
When Fox’s political faction returned to power in 1780, Fox returned to Parliament, and in 1782, he became Britain’s first foreign secretary, charged with negotiating a peace treaty with the Americans following the British defeat at Yorktown. Fox again angered George III with his readiness to declare the Americans independent and was ousted from his position as foreign secretary by the king’s parliamentary allies. Fox managed to retain his seat in Parliament after a close and legally contested election in 1784. Fox went on to support the French Revolution in 1789 and continued to stand against royal power until his death in 1806.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_James_Fox
One of two surviving copies of the 1814 broadside printing of the "Defence of Fort McHenry", a poem that later became the lyrics of the national anthem of the United States.
1814 - Key pens Star-Spangled BannerOn this day in 1814, Francis Scott Key pens a poem which is later set to music and in 1931 becomes America's national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner." The poem, originally titled "The Defence of Fort McHenry," was written after Key witnessed the Maryland fort being bombarded by the British during the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the sight of a lone U.S. flag still flying over Fort McHenry at daybreak, as reflected in the now-famous words of the "Star-Spangled Banner": "And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there."
Francis Scott Key was born on August 1, 1779, at Terra Rubra, his family's estate in Frederick County (now Carroll County), Maryland. He became a successful lawyer in Maryland and Washington, D.C., and was later appointed U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia.
On June 18, 1812, America declared war on Great Britain after a series of trade disagreements. In August 1814, British troops invaded Washington, D.C., and burned the White House, Capitol Building and Library of Congress. Their next target was Baltimore.
After one of Key's friends, Dr. William Beanes, was taken prisoner by the British, Key went to Baltimore, located the ship where Beanes was being held and negotiated his release. However, Key and Beanes weren't allowed to leave until after the British bombardment of Fort McHenry. Key watched the bombing campaign unfold from aboard a ship located about eight miles away. After a day, the British were unable to destroy the fort and gave up. Key was relieved to see the American flag still flying over Fort McHenry and quickly penned a few lines in tribute to what he had witnessed.
The poem was printed in newspapers and eventually set to the music of a popular English drinking tune called "To Anacreon in Heaven" by composer John Stafford Smith. People began referring to the song as "The Star-Spangled Banner" and in 1916 President Woodrow Wilson announced that it should be played at all official events. It was adopted as the national anthem on March 3, 1931.
Francis Scott Key died of pleurisy on January 11, 1843. Today, the flag that flew over Fort McHenry in 1914 is housed at the Smithsonian Institution’s Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star-Spangled_Banner
1826 - The first rhinoceros to be exhibited in the U.S. was shown at Peale's Museum and gallery of the Fine Arts in New York City. An advertisement described, "its body and limbs are covered with a skin so hard and impervious that he fears neither the claws of the tiger nor the proboscis of the elephant. It will turn the edge of a scimitar and even resist the force of a musket ball."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peale_Museum
1833 - The first imported shipment of ice arrived in Calcutta, India, from Boston, Mass., U.S. in the specially insulated hold of the Clipper Tuscany, which had loaded and sailed on 6 - 7 May 1833 with 180 tons of ice. The ice, in 2 - 3 cu.ft. blocks, had been cut from local lakes in winter, and stored since then. The entrepeneur was Fredric Tudor, an ice merchant of Boston. During the over four month voyage, about 80 tons was lost, but in the Indian unit of weight, the amount that arrived was about 3,000 maund (1 maund = 82.6 pounds). It was priced at four annas per seer (about 2-lbs). At first sales were disappointing, until the local residents became accustomed to this novelty for cooling drinks. India became a profitable export market for Tudor for over two decades.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Tudor
1843 Heinrich Christian Schwan (1819–1905), third president of the Missouri Synod, was ordained after tutoring since 1842.
1845 - William Walford's hymn, "Sweet Hour of Prayer," first appeared in print in the "New York Observer." Walford (1772-1850), a blind lay preacher, had written the poem three years earlier in the village of Coleshill, England.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/w/a/l/walford_w.htm
1847 - General Winfield Scott storms the Chapultepec fortress. On this day in 1847, General Winfield Scott wins the last major battle of the Mexican-American War, storming the ancient Chapultepec fortress at the edge of Mexico City.
The war between the U.S. and its southern neighbor began the year before when President James Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to advance to the disputed Rio Grande border between the newly-minted American state of Texas and Mexico. The Mexican government had once controlled Texas and refused to recognize the American claim on the state or the validity of the Rio Grande as an international border. Viewing Taylor's advance as an invasion of Mexican soil, the Mexican army crossed the Rio Grande and attacked the U.S. forces in Texas in April 1846. By mid-May the two nations were formally at war.
The Mexican army was larger than the American army, but its leadership, training, and supplies were all inferior to those of the U.S. forces. Mexican gunpowder was notoriously weak, and cannon balls from their guns often just bounced slowly across battlefields where the American soldiers simply stepped out of the way. As a result, by January 1847, General Taylor had conquered California and the northern Mexican territories that would later make up much of the American southwest. But Taylor was reluctant to take the war into the heart of Mexico, and Polk instead turned to General Winfield Scott to finish the job.
In March, Scott landed nearly 12,000 men on the beaches near Vera Cruz, Mexico, captured the town, and began to march inland to Mexico City. Flanking the Mexican defenses at Cerro Gordo Pass, Scott stabbed southward below Mexico City, taking the towns of Contreras and Churubusco. When a final attempt at peace negotiations failed in August, Scott advanced north on the Mexican capital. After Scott's forces stormed the fortress at Chapultepec, the last significant Mexican resistance was eliminated. The next day, September 14, Scott marched his army into Mexico City and raised the American flag over the Mexican National Palace-the "Halls of Montezuma" later celebrated in the famous Marine's Hymn. For the first time in U.S. history, the Stars and Stripes flew over a foreign capital.
[a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott"]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott[/a][/url]
1862 - The Union Discovers "Lost Order" Union soldiers find a copy of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's orders detailing the Confederates' plan for the Antietam campaign near Frederick, Maryland. But Union General George B. McClellan was slow to act, and the advantage the intelligence provided was lost.
On the morning of September 13, the 27th Indiana rested in a meadow outside of Frederick, Maryland, which had served as the site of a Confederate camp a few days before. Sergeant John Bloss and Corporal Barton W. Mitchell found a piece of paper wrapped around three cigars. The paper was addressed to Confederate General D.H. Hill. Its title read, "Special Order No. 191, Headquarters, Army of Northern Virginia." Realizing that they had discovered a copy of the Confederate operation plan, Barton and Mitchell quickly passed it up the chain of command. By chance, the division adjutant general, Samuel Pittman, recognized the handwriting on the orders as that of a colleague from the prewar army, Robert Chilton, who was the adjutant general to Robert E. Lee.
Pittman took the order to McClellan. The Union commander had spent the previous week mystified by Lee's operations, but now the Confederate plan was clear. He reportedly gloated, "Here is a paper with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home." McClellan now knew that Lee's forces were split into five parts and scattered over a 30-mile stretch, with the Potomac River in between. At least eight miles separated each piece of Lee's army, and McClellan was just a dozen miles from the nearest Confederate unit at South Mountain. Bruce Catton, the noted Civil War historian, observed that no general in the war "was ever given so fair a chance to destroy the opposing army one piece at a time."
Yet McClellan squandered the opportunity. His initial jubilation was overtaken by his caution. He believed that Lee possessed a far greater number of troops than the Confederates actually had, despite the fact that the Maryland invasion resulted in a high rate of desertion among the Southerners. McClellan was also excruciatingly slow to respond to the information in the so-called Lost Order. He took 18 hours to set his army in motion, marching toward Turner's Gap and Crampton's Gap in South Mountain, a 50-mile long ridge that was part of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Lee, who was alerted to the approaching Federals, sent troops to plug the gaps, allowing him time to gather his scattered units.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Order
1893 Concordia College (Saint Paul, Minnesota) opened.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordia_University,_Saint_Paul
1896 The Missouri Synod’s work in London, England, began.
1898 - Reverend Hannibal Williston Goodwin was issued a U.S. patent for his invention of "nitro cellulose transparent flexible photographic film pellicles." (No. 610,861). He made a sale of one roll at $2.50 to Thomas Alva Edison on 2 Sep 1889.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal_Goodwin
1899 - The first American automobile fatality resulted when Henry H. Bliss was run over as he alighted from a streetcar at Central Park West and 74th Street in New York City. He stepped into the path of an approaching horseless carriage driven by Arthur Smith. Bliss, 68, was taken to hospital, where he died of the injuries he sustained. The driver, Arthur Smith was arrested and held on $1,000 bail. The first pedestrian in the world to die after being struck by a car was Bridget Driscoll, on 17 Aug 1896, on the grounds of Crystal Palace, London. She was struck by a car giving demonstration rides, and died minutes later of head injuries. On 12 Feb1898, the first car-driver crash fatality was businessman Henry Lindfield whose speeding car ran into a tree at Purley, Surrey.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_H._Bliss
1900 - Physician Jesse Lazear, at age 34, was bitten by a mosquito carrying yellow-fever while conducting experiments in Quemados, Cuba, to investigate the transmission of that disease. His death, two weeks later, proved that the mosquito was the carrier of yellow-fever.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_William_Lazear
1922 - The temperature at El Azizia in Libyia soared to 136 degrees to estbalish a world record. To make matters worse, a severe ghibi (dust storm) was in progress. (The Weather Channel)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Azizia
1928 - A rail detector car was demonstrated near Poughkeepsie, N.Y. to representatives of the American Railway Association and of various railroads. Invented by Dr. Elmer Ambrose Sperry, it was designed to enable locating internal flaws in existing railroad tracks. This first car, car No. 101, was capable of travelling at 10 mph while examining one rail at a time. It had been previously field-tested 13 Jun 1928.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_detector_car
1928 - Hurricane San Felipe crossed Puerto Rico resulting in the highest winds, the heaviest rains, and the greatest destruction in years. The hurricane produced much damage in the Virgin Islands, and later hit the Bahamas and Florida. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_San_Felipe_hurricane
1931 - Having recently suffered a nervous breakdown, Foursquare Gospel founder Aimee Semple McPherson, 40, entered an ill-fated marriage to David Hutton. (They divorced four years later.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson
Cantor (rt) with Bert Gordon, aka "the Mad Russian"
1931 - Vaudeville star Eddie Cantor was heard for the first time on NBC radio. After he had attained Broadway stardom, Cantor turned to radio with The Chase and Sanborn Hour in September 1931. Performing as a standup comedian, he used his vaudeville experience to outstanding effect and combined the expression of patriotism and personal values with humour; audiences responded enthusiastically. With changes of name, the show continued for 18 years.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Cantor
1936 - Bob Feller strikes out 17 at 17. On this day in 1936, 17-year-old Cleveland Indians pitching ace "Rapid" Robert Feller strikes out 17 batters in a game, setting a new American League record. Feller allowed just two hits in the game to help his team to a 5-2 victory over the Philadelphia A’s.
Feller was born November 3, 1918, in Van Meter, Iowa. An only child, he spent his days pitching against the side of a barn on his family’s farm. At just 16 years old, in July 1935, Feller signed with Cy Slapnicka, a Cleveland Indian scout, in exchange for an autographed baseball and one dollar. On August 25, 1936, when he was still only 17, Feller made his first start, striking out 15 St. Louis Browns with a blazing fastball and knee-buckling curveball that would be the hallmarks of his long and storied career.
On September 13, Feller started the first game of a double-header against the Philadelphia A’s at League Park in Cleveland. The young pitcher’s fastball was effective from the start and he was soon racking up strikes at a pace unseen in the American League since Rube Waddell of the St. Louis Browns struck out 16 batters in 1908. Feller’s 17 strikeouts that day tied Dizzy Dean’s modern major league record, set in 1933. Two years later, on the last day of the 1938 season, Feller broke Dean’s record when he struck out 18 Detroit Tigers, setting a modern record that would stand for 31 years. (It was finally broken in 1969 by St. Louis Cardinals’ pitcher, Steve Carlton.
Bob Feller retired from baseball after the 1956 season having won more games than any pitcher in Cleveland Indians history. His numbers would, no doubt, have been even more impressive if not for the four seasons he spent in the Navy during World War II, where he earned eight battle stars. In 1957 his jersey number, 19, was the first to be retired by the Indians. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, the only pitcher since Walter Johnson to be so honored in his first year of eligibility. His lifetime record of 266-162 includes three no-hitters (1940, 1946 and 1951).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Feller
1937 - The first broadcast of "Kitty Keene, Inc." was heard on the NBC Red network
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty_Keene,_Inc.
1940 - The Southern Baptist General Convention of California was organized at Shafter by representatives of 14 congregations attending an associational meeting of the denomination.
1948 - Margaret Chase Smith (R-ME) elected senator. Following a successful eight years in the House, Margaret Chase Smith beat the odds in 1948 when she soundly defeated the incumbent governor, Horace Hildreth; former governor, Sumner Sewall; and the Reverend Albion Beverage in the Republican primary for the United States Senate. She then went on to win the general election. As a result, she became the first woman in the nation's history to serve in both houses of Congress and the first to be elected to the Senate in her own right.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith
1952 "You Belong to Me" by Jo Stafford topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Belong_to_Me_(1952_song)
Taconite
1956 - Full production of taconite began at a the first U.S. plant established for large-scale commercial production. Taconite is a hard ore containing 25 to 30% iron. The rock was crushed, ground and magnetically separated to yield small pellets containing about 62% iron, with an annual prodction of 3,750,000 tons. Preliminary operations had begun in the fall of 1955. The plant, known as the E.W. Davis Works at Silver Bay, Minn., was built by the Reserve Mining Company (Duluth, Minn.) and jointly owned by the Armco Steel and Republican Steel corporations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taconite
1958 "Volare" by Domenico Modugno topped the charts
1960 - The Federal Communications Commission bans payola. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission banned payola which meant Disc-jockeys could no longer accept money or gifts in exchange for playing records unless there was full disclosure. Violating the payola rules becomes a misdemeanor, punishable by as much as $10,000 in fines and a year in prison.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payola
1961 - "Car 54 Where are You?" premiers on TV
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_54,_Where_Are_You%3F
1963 - "The Outer Limits" premiers
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_(1963_TV_series)
1965 - Beatles release "Yesterday"
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesterday
1965 - Today Show's first totally color broadcast
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_Show#News_media
1969 "Honky Tonk Women" by the Rolling Stones topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky_Tonk_Women
1971 - World Hockey Association formed
1971 - Attica prison riot ends. A four-day riot at Attica Prison comes to a violent end as law enforcement officials open fire, killing 29 inmates and 10 hostages and injuring many more. The prison insurrection was the bloodiest in U.S. history.
On the morning of September 9, 1971, a group of inmates at the Attica Correctional Facility, a maximum-security prison in western New York, assaulted a prison guard and began rioting. They took prison employees hostage and gained control of portions of the facility. Negotiations between inmates and prison officials followed. The inmates demanded better living conditions at the overcrowded prison, which had been built in the 1930s. At the inmates’ request, a committee of observers that included politicians and journalists was formed to oversee the talks.
When negotiations broke down, New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller ordered Attica to be taken by force. Rockefeller was planning to run for the Republican presidential nomination and reportedly wanted to combat the perception in some circles that he was soft on crime. On the morning of September 13, tear gas was dropped over the prison and state troopers opened fired on a group of over 1,200 inmates. In the chaos, 10 hostages and 29 inmates were killed by police gunfire and another 80 people were seriously wounded, the majority of them inmates, in what became the bloodiest prison uprising in U.S. history. Adding to the death toll were three inmates and a guard who had been killed earlier during the riot.
Some inmates later claimed that police took brutal revenge on them and that they were denied medical care for hours afterward. An investigation into the Attica revolt resulted in over 60 inmates being indicted and eight eventually convicted. One prison guard was charged with reckless endangerment, but his case was later dropped. A class-action suit filed in the 1970s on behalf of over 1,200 Attica inmates was settled in 2000 when a federal judge ordered New York State to pay $8 million to the surviving inmates. In 2005, the state also agreed to pay $12 million to the survivors and families of employees killed at Attica. Some of the inmates who have done time at Attica in the years since the riot include Mark David Chapman, who killed musician John Lennon; “Son of Sam” serial killer David Berkowitz; and Colin Ferguson, who gunned down six people on the Long Island Railroad.
1973 - Congress passes & sends a bill to Nixon to lift football's blackout
1975 - "Rhinestone Cowboy" by Glen Campbell topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinestone_Cowboy
1983 - US mint strikes first gold coin in 50 years (Olympic Eagle) These are the first Olympic commemorative coins ever issued by the United States and also the first U.S. gold coin in over 50 years. Profits made from the sale of these coins by the government was used to train our Olympic teams, to support our local amateur athletic programs, and to promote and stage the 1984 Summer Games in Los Angeles.
1984 - Hurricane Diana, after making a complete loop off the Carolina coast, made landfall and moved across eastern North Carolina. Diana deluged Cape Fear with more than eighteen inches of rain, and caused 78 million dollars damage in North Carolina. (Storm Data)
1986 - Bert Blyleven gives up a record 44 HRs in a season
1986 - "Take My Breath Away" by Berlin topped the charts
1987 - Showers and thunderstorms produced heavy rain in the northeastern U.S. Flooding was reported in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Greenwood NY received 6.37 inches of rain. A dike along a creek at Prattsburg NY gave way and a two million dollar onion crop left on the ground to dry was washed away. The prolonged rains in the eastern U.S. finally came to an end late in the day as a cold front began to push the warm and humid airmass out to sea. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1987 A radioactive item was scavenged from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, resulting in four deaths and serious contamination in 249 others.
1988 - Hurricane Gilbert smashed into the Cayman Islands, and as it headed for the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico strenghtened into a monster hurricane, packing winds of 175 mph. The barometric pressure at the center of Gilbert reached 26.13 inches (888 mb), an all-time record for any hurricane in the Carribean, Gulf of Mexico, or the Atlantic Ocean. Gilbert covered much of the Gulf of Mexico, producing rain as far away as the Florida Keys. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 - Unseasonably cool weather prevailed over the Central Plains Region, with a record low of 29 degrees at North Platte NE. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the Pacific Northwest, with a record high of 96 degrees at Eugene OR. Thunderstorms over south Texas produced wind gusts to 69 mph at Del Rio, and two inches of rain in two hours. (National Weather Summary)
1990 - Law & Order debuts
1997 - "Honey" by Mariah Carey topped the charts
2001 - President Bush asked Congress for powers to wage war following the 911 attacks against an unidentified enemy. Bush called the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington "the first war of the 21st century" as his administration labeled fugitive Osama bin Laden a prime suspect. The United States promised to wage all-out retaliation against those responsible and any regime that protected them. Jetliners returned to the nation's skies for the first time in two days, carrying nervous passengers who faced strict new security measures.
Births
1755 - Oliver Evans (d 1819) American millwright and inventor who invented the first automatic corn mill, pioneered the high-pressure steam engine (US patent, 1790) and created the first continuous production line (1784). By about age 19, he invented a machine for bending and cutting off the wires in textile carding combs. His ideas for an automatic corn mill began in 1782, but the invention's development was not completed until 1790. The mill used bucket elevators to raise the grain, conveying devices including a horizontal screw conveyor, and a "hopper boy" to cool and dry the meal before gathering it into a hopper feeding the bolting cylinder. Together, this took incoming wheat and delivered flour packed in barrels.
1766 - Samuel Wilson, possible namesake of Uncle Sam (d 1854)
1793 John Scudder, Dutch Reformed missionary to Ceylon and India, was born in Freehold, New Jersey (d 1855).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scudder,_Sr.
1801 Eli Smith, missionary, in Northfield, Connecticut (d 11 Jan 1857).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Smith
1813 - John Sedgwick, American Civil War general (d 1864)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sedgwick
1827 Catherine Winkworth, English educator and translator of German hymns, was born in London (d 1 Jul 1878).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Winkworth
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/w/i/n/winkworth_c.htm
1835 Andreas Wright, founder of Norwegian-Danish Augustana Synod in America and the United Norwegian Lutheran Church in America, (d 15 Nov 1917).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Augustana_Synod
1842 - John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (d. 1920)
1851 - Walter Reed (d 1902) US Army pathologist and bacteriologist who led the experiments that proved that yellow fever is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito. The Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C., was named in his honour.
1857 - Milton Snavely Hershey (d 1945) American manufacturer who founded the Hershey Chocolate Corporation. Apprenticed to a confectioner until 1876, he then opened his own candy shop in Philadelphia, Penn. Though that venture was unsuccessful, a few years later, he innovated the production of caramels by using fresh milk, with great success. In the 1890's he diversified into chocolate, and in 1903 began building what became the world's largest chocolate manufacturing plant. That site became Hershey, Pennsylvania. He used his fortune philanthropically.
1860 - Gen John J (Blackjack) Pershing US commander in WW I
1863 Cyrus Adler, American Jewish scholar, born in Van Buren, Arkansas (d 7 Apr 1940, Philadelphia).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_Adler
1865 Maud Ballington Booth, American religious and welfare leader, born in Surrey, England (d 26 Aug 1948).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maud_Ballington_Booth
1866 - Adolf Meyer (d 1950) Swiss-American psychiatrist (1900-40), whose teaching and influential work has become a part of psychiatric theory and practice in English-speaking countries. Already trained in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology when he emigrated to the U.S. (1892), from working at mental institutions, he began to attribute the disorder in mental illness not to brain pathology, but to a personality dysfunction. He recognized social environment as an influence in mental disorders. Throughout his years at Johns Hopkins University as professor of psychiatry (1910-41), he taught that in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, the patient must be evaluated as a whole person.
1874 - Henry Fountain Ashurst (d 1962) was an American Democratic politician and one of the first two Senators from Arizona. Largely self-educated, he served as a district attorney and member of the Arizona Territorial legislature before fulfilling his childhood ambition of joining the United States Senate. During his time in the Senate, Ashurst was chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs and the Judiciary Committee. Called "the longest U.S. theatrical engagement on record" by Time, Ashurst's political career was noted for a self-contradictory voting record, the use of a sesquipedalian vocabulary, and for a love of public speaking that earned him a reputation as one of the Senate's greatest orators. Among the sobriquets assigned to him were "the Dean of Inconsistency", "Five-Syllable Henry", and the "Silver-Tongued Sunbeam of the Painted Desert".
1874 - Arnold Schoenberg (d 1951) was an Austrian and later American composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School.
1876 - Sherwood Anderson Winesburg, Ohio, author/publisher (Winesburg)
1877 - Stanley Lord (d 1962) was captain of the SS Californian, a ship that was in the vicinity of the RMS Titanic the night it sank on 15 April 1912.
1893 - Larry Shields, American musician (d. 1953)
1895 - Morris Kirksey, American rugby player (d. 1981)
1903 - Claudette Colbert, American actress (d. 1996)
1911 - William Smith Monroe (d 1996) American musician who helped develop the style of music known as bluegrass, which takes its name from his band, the "Blue Grass Boys," named for Monroe's home state of Kentucky. Monroe's performing career spanned 60 years as a singer, instrumentalist, composer and bandleader. He is often referred to as The Father of Bluegrass.
1912 - Horace Welcome Babcock (d 2003) American astronomer, who with his father, Harold Babcock, was first to measure the distribution of magnetic fields over the solar surface. Horace invented and built many astronomical instruments, including a ruling engine which produced excellent diffraction gratings, the solar magnetograph, and microphotometers, automatic guiders, and exposure meters for the 100 and 200-inch telescopes. By combining his polarizing analyzer with the spectrograph he discovered magnetic fields in other stars. He developed important models of sunspots and their magnetism, and was the first to propose adaptive optics (1953).
1917 - Robert Ward Cleveland Ohio, composer (Pantaloon)
1896 The Missouri Synod’s work in London, England, began.
1918 - Ray Charles (born Charles Raymond Offenberg in Chicago, Illinois) (d 10 Jun 2004) American musician, singer, songwriter, vocal arranger and conductor who is best- known as organizer and leader of The Ray Charles Singers. The Ray Charles Singers were featured on Perry Como's records, radio shows and television shows for 35 years. The Ray Charles Singers are also known for a series of 30 choral record albums produced in the 1950s and 1960s for Essex, MGM, Decca and Command labels.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles
1922 - Charles Brown, American singer and pianist (d 1999)
1925 - Mel Torme‚ Chicago Ill, jazz singer "Velvet Fog" (Jet Set, Night Court) (d 5 Jun 1999)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Torme
1928 - Ernest L Boyer educator/chancellor of NY's State Universities (SUNY)
1937 - Fred Silverman New York City, American television executive and producer. He worked as an executive at the CBS, ABC and NBC networks, and was responsible for bringing to television such programs as the series Scooby-Doo (1969-present), All in the Family (1971-1979), The Waltons (1972-1981), and Charlie's Angels (1976-1981), as well as the miniseries Roots (1977) and Shôgun (1980).
1938 - Judith Martin, American etiquette writer (Miss Manners)
1939 - Larry M. Speakes former acting spokesman for the White House under President Ronald Reagan, having held the position from 1981 to 1987.
1944 - Peter Cetera, American musician (Chicago)
1964 - Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and author
1981 - William Loeb publisher of Manchester Union Leader, NH, dies at 75
Deaths
407 John Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople, one of the most popular preachers in the early church (b 349).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chrysostom
608 Saint Eulogius of Alexandria, patriarch of that see from 580 to 607, he was a successful combatant of the heretical errors then current in Egypt, notably the various phases of Monophysitism.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulogius_of_Alexandria
1803 - John Barry 1st American commodore, dies
1881 - Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1824)
1915 - Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
1941 - Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney (b. 1859)
1965 - Jean B. Fletcher, American architect (b. 1915)
1981 - William Loeb publisher of Manchester Union Leader, NH, dies at 75
1987 - Mervyn LeRoy, American film director (b. 1900)
1991 - Joseph Pasternak movie producer, dies at 89 of cancer (b. 1901)
1996 - Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
1998 - George Corley Wallace was born in Clio, Alabama, the son of a farmer. He worked his way through the University of Alabama Law School and after World War II served as assistant state's attorney for Alabama and a judge. In 1958, he made his first bid for Alabama's gubernatorial seat. The NAACP endorsed him while the KKK endorsed his opponent in the primary. Wallace was defeated by a wide margin. Four years later, Wallace ran again, this time as a fiery segregationist, and won election to the governor's office in a landslide victory. In his 1963 inaugural address, Wallace promised his white followers: "Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!" However, the promise lasted only six months. In June 1963, under federal pressure, he was forced to end his blockade of the University of Alabama and allow the enrollment of African American students.
Despite his failures in slowing the accelerating civil rights movement in the South, Wallace became a national spokesman for resistance to racial change and in 1964 entered the race for the U.S. presidency. Although defeated in most Democratic presidential primaries he entered, his modest successes demonstrated the extent of popular backlash against integration. In 1968, he made another strong run as the candidate of the American Independent Party and managed to get on the ballot in all 50 states. On Election Day, he drew 10 million votes from across the country.
In 1972, Governor Wallace returned to the Democratic Party for his third presidential campaign and, under a slightly more moderate platform, was showing promising returns when Arthur Bremer shot him on May 15. Three others were wounded in Bremer's attack on a Wallace rally in Maryland, and Wallace was permanently paralyzed from the waist down. The next day, while fighting for his life in a hospital, he won major primary victories in Michigan and Maryland. However, Wallace remained in the hospital for several months, bringing his third presidential campaign to an irrevocable end.
After his recovery, he faded from national prominence and made a poor showing in his fourth and final presidential campaign, in 1979. During the 1980s, Wallace's politics shifted dramatically, especially in regard to race. He contacted civil rights leaders he had so forcibly opposed in the past and asked their forgiveness. In time, he gained the political support of Alabama's growing African American electorate and in 1983 was elected Alabama governor for the last time with their overwhelming support. During the next four years, the man who had promised segregation forever made more African American political appointments than any other figure in Alabama history.
He announced his retirement in 1986, telling the Alabama electorate in a tearful address that "I've climbed my last political mountain, but there are still some personal hills I must climb. But for now, I must pass the rope and the pick to another climber and say climb on, climb on to higher heights. Climb on 'til you reach the very peak. Then look back and wave at me. I, too, will still be climbing."
1999 - Benjamin S. Bloom (b 1913) was a Jewish-American educational psychologist who made contributions to the classification of educational objectives and to the theory of mastery-learning. He also directed a research team which conducted a major investigation into the development of exceptional talent whose results are relevant to the question of eminence, exceptional achievement, and greatness .
2006 - Ann Richards, 46th Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
Christian Feast Day:
John Chrysostom
Aimé
Ame
September 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
[/size]
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-sympathizer-charles-james-fox-dies-in-britain?catId=1
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_13.htm
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0913.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
There are 109 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 54
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1309 A pair of French inquisitors arrived in England to prosecute the Knights Templar. They were stopped by English Common Law.
1541 John Calvin (1509–1564) returned to Geneva at the request of city authorities who had banished him three years earlier. There he would spend the rest of his life trying to establish a theocratic society.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin
1549 The first session of the Council of Trent closed.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Trent
Roger Williams statue by Franklin Simmons
1635 - The Massachusetts General Court banished Separatist preacher Roger Williams, 32, for criticizing the Massachusetts Bay Company charter and for perpetually advocating a separation of church and state.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)
1788 - New York City becomes capital of the United States. The US Constitutional Convention authorized the first national election and declared New York City the temporary capital of the US. Hoping to convince the new Congress to make their city the permanent seat of government, local business interests contributed funding for a major expansion of the city hall. When Congress convened for the first time on March 4, 1789, the old building had been converted into a splendid capitol, optimistically renamed Federal Hall. The Senate chamber occupied a richly carpeted forty-by-thirty-foot-long room on the building's second floor. The chamber's most striking features were its high arched ceiling, tall windows curtained in crimson damask, fireplace mantels in handsomely polished marble, and a presiding officer's chair elevated three feet from the floor and placed under a crimson canopy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City
1806 - American sympathizer Charles James Fox dies in Britain. On this day in 1806, Charles James Fox, first foreign secretary of the United Kingdom and vocal supporter of American independence, dies in Chiswick, Devon, England.
Fox was born to noble parents, Henry Fox, later first Baron Holland, and Lady Caroline Lennox, daughter of the second Duke of Richmond, and received a noble education at Eton College and Oxford University. Despite this traditional upbringing, he devoted his political career to defending liberty and was adamantly opposed to slavery. His personal life, however, was quite different: it revolved around gambling, fashion, debt and adultery.
The Fox family suffered public humiliation when King George III rejected Charles’ aunt, Lady Sarah Lennox, as a potential fiancée after enjoying a very public flirtation with her in 1760-61. The relationship between George III and Charles James Fox, then, was marked by both personal and political animosity. Fox supported the protesting American colonists during his first stint in Parliament from 1768 to 1772, and the citizens of Foxborough, Massachusetts, responded by naming their town in his honor. Fox eventually resigned from Parliament after a squabble with George III and, while out of office, developed a strong friendship with British radical Edmund Burke, who also supported the American cause.
When Fox’s political faction returned to power in 1780, Fox returned to Parliament, and in 1782, he became Britain’s first foreign secretary, charged with negotiating a peace treaty with the Americans following the British defeat at Yorktown. Fox again angered George III with his readiness to declare the Americans independent and was ousted from his position as foreign secretary by the king’s parliamentary allies. Fox managed to retain his seat in Parliament after a close and legally contested election in 1784. Fox went on to support the French Revolution in 1789 and continued to stand against royal power until his death in 1806.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_James_Fox
One of two surviving copies of the 1814 broadside printing of the "Defence of Fort McHenry", a poem that later became the lyrics of the national anthem of the United States.
1814 - Key pens Star-Spangled BannerOn this day in 1814, Francis Scott Key pens a poem which is later set to music and in 1931 becomes America's national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner." The poem, originally titled "The Defence of Fort McHenry," was written after Key witnessed the Maryland fort being bombarded by the British during the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the sight of a lone U.S. flag still flying over Fort McHenry at daybreak, as reflected in the now-famous words of the "Star-Spangled Banner": "And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there."
Francis Scott Key was born on August 1, 1779, at Terra Rubra, his family's estate in Frederick County (now Carroll County), Maryland. He became a successful lawyer in Maryland and Washington, D.C., and was later appointed U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia.
On June 18, 1812, America declared war on Great Britain after a series of trade disagreements. In August 1814, British troops invaded Washington, D.C., and burned the White House, Capitol Building and Library of Congress. Their next target was Baltimore.
After one of Key's friends, Dr. William Beanes, was taken prisoner by the British, Key went to Baltimore, located the ship where Beanes was being held and negotiated his release. However, Key and Beanes weren't allowed to leave until after the British bombardment of Fort McHenry. Key watched the bombing campaign unfold from aboard a ship located about eight miles away. After a day, the British were unable to destroy the fort and gave up. Key was relieved to see the American flag still flying over Fort McHenry and quickly penned a few lines in tribute to what he had witnessed.
The poem was printed in newspapers and eventually set to the music of a popular English drinking tune called "To Anacreon in Heaven" by composer John Stafford Smith. People began referring to the song as "The Star-Spangled Banner" and in 1916 President Woodrow Wilson announced that it should be played at all official events. It was adopted as the national anthem on March 3, 1931.
Francis Scott Key died of pleurisy on January 11, 1843. Today, the flag that flew over Fort McHenry in 1914 is housed at the Smithsonian Institution’s Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star-Spangled_Banner
1826 - The first rhinoceros to be exhibited in the U.S. was shown at Peale's Museum and gallery of the Fine Arts in New York City. An advertisement described, "its body and limbs are covered with a skin so hard and impervious that he fears neither the claws of the tiger nor the proboscis of the elephant. It will turn the edge of a scimitar and even resist the force of a musket ball."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peale_Museum
1833 - The first imported shipment of ice arrived in Calcutta, India, from Boston, Mass., U.S. in the specially insulated hold of the Clipper Tuscany, which had loaded and sailed on 6 - 7 May 1833 with 180 tons of ice. The ice, in 2 - 3 cu.ft. blocks, had been cut from local lakes in winter, and stored since then. The entrepeneur was Fredric Tudor, an ice merchant of Boston. During the over four month voyage, about 80 tons was lost, but in the Indian unit of weight, the amount that arrived was about 3,000 maund (1 maund = 82.6 pounds). It was priced at four annas per seer (about 2-lbs). At first sales were disappointing, until the local residents became accustomed to this novelty for cooling drinks. India became a profitable export market for Tudor for over two decades.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Tudor
1843 Heinrich Christian Schwan (1819–1905), third president of the Missouri Synod, was ordained after tutoring since 1842.
1845 - William Walford's hymn, "Sweet Hour of Prayer," first appeared in print in the "New York Observer." Walford (1772-1850), a blind lay preacher, had written the poem three years earlier in the village of Coleshill, England.
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/w/a/l/walford_w.htm
1847 - General Winfield Scott storms the Chapultepec fortress. On this day in 1847, General Winfield Scott wins the last major battle of the Mexican-American War, storming the ancient Chapultepec fortress at the edge of Mexico City.
The war between the U.S. and its southern neighbor began the year before when President James Polk ordered General Zachary Taylor to advance to the disputed Rio Grande border between the newly-minted American state of Texas and Mexico. The Mexican government had once controlled Texas and refused to recognize the American claim on the state or the validity of the Rio Grande as an international border. Viewing Taylor's advance as an invasion of Mexican soil, the Mexican army crossed the Rio Grande and attacked the U.S. forces in Texas in April 1846. By mid-May the two nations were formally at war.
The Mexican army was larger than the American army, but its leadership, training, and supplies were all inferior to those of the U.S. forces. Mexican gunpowder was notoriously weak, and cannon balls from their guns often just bounced slowly across battlefields where the American soldiers simply stepped out of the way. As a result, by January 1847, General Taylor had conquered California and the northern Mexican territories that would later make up much of the American southwest. But Taylor was reluctant to take the war into the heart of Mexico, and Polk instead turned to General Winfield Scott to finish the job.
In March, Scott landed nearly 12,000 men on the beaches near Vera Cruz, Mexico, captured the town, and began to march inland to Mexico City. Flanking the Mexican defenses at Cerro Gordo Pass, Scott stabbed southward below Mexico City, taking the towns of Contreras and Churubusco. When a final attempt at peace negotiations failed in August, Scott advanced north on the Mexican capital. After Scott's forces stormed the fortress at Chapultepec, the last significant Mexican resistance was eliminated. The next day, September 14, Scott marched his army into Mexico City and raised the American flag over the Mexican National Palace-the "Halls of Montezuma" later celebrated in the famous Marine's Hymn. For the first time in U.S. history, the Stars and Stripes flew over a foreign capital.
[a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott"]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott[/a][/url]
1862 - The Union Discovers "Lost Order" Union soldiers find a copy of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's orders detailing the Confederates' plan for the Antietam campaign near Frederick, Maryland. But Union General George B. McClellan was slow to act, and the advantage the intelligence provided was lost.
On the morning of September 13, the 27th Indiana rested in a meadow outside of Frederick, Maryland, which had served as the site of a Confederate camp a few days before. Sergeant John Bloss and Corporal Barton W. Mitchell found a piece of paper wrapped around three cigars. The paper was addressed to Confederate General D.H. Hill. Its title read, "Special Order No. 191, Headquarters, Army of Northern Virginia." Realizing that they had discovered a copy of the Confederate operation plan, Barton and Mitchell quickly passed it up the chain of command. By chance, the division adjutant general, Samuel Pittman, recognized the handwriting on the orders as that of a colleague from the prewar army, Robert Chilton, who was the adjutant general to Robert E. Lee.
Pittman took the order to McClellan. The Union commander had spent the previous week mystified by Lee's operations, but now the Confederate plan was clear. He reportedly gloated, "Here is a paper with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home." McClellan now knew that Lee's forces were split into five parts and scattered over a 30-mile stretch, with the Potomac River in between. At least eight miles separated each piece of Lee's army, and McClellan was just a dozen miles from the nearest Confederate unit at South Mountain. Bruce Catton, the noted Civil War historian, observed that no general in the war "was ever given so fair a chance to destroy the opposing army one piece at a time."
Yet McClellan squandered the opportunity. His initial jubilation was overtaken by his caution. He believed that Lee possessed a far greater number of troops than the Confederates actually had, despite the fact that the Maryland invasion resulted in a high rate of desertion among the Southerners. McClellan was also excruciatingly slow to respond to the information in the so-called Lost Order. He took 18 hours to set his army in motion, marching toward Turner's Gap and Crampton's Gap in South Mountain, a 50-mile long ridge that was part of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Lee, who was alerted to the approaching Federals, sent troops to plug the gaps, allowing him time to gather his scattered units.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Order
1893 Concordia College (Saint Paul, Minnesota) opened.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordia_University,_Saint_Paul
1896 The Missouri Synod’s work in London, England, began.
1898 - Reverend Hannibal Williston Goodwin was issued a U.S. patent for his invention of "nitro cellulose transparent flexible photographic film pellicles." (No. 610,861). He made a sale of one roll at $2.50 to Thomas Alva Edison on 2 Sep 1889.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal_Goodwin
1899 - The first American automobile fatality resulted when Henry H. Bliss was run over as he alighted from a streetcar at Central Park West and 74th Street in New York City. He stepped into the path of an approaching horseless carriage driven by Arthur Smith. Bliss, 68, was taken to hospital, where he died of the injuries he sustained. The driver, Arthur Smith was arrested and held on $1,000 bail. The first pedestrian in the world to die after being struck by a car was Bridget Driscoll, on 17 Aug 1896, on the grounds of Crystal Palace, London. She was struck by a car giving demonstration rides, and died minutes later of head injuries. On 12 Feb1898, the first car-driver crash fatality was businessman Henry Lindfield whose speeding car ran into a tree at Purley, Surrey.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_H._Bliss
1900 - Physician Jesse Lazear, at age 34, was bitten by a mosquito carrying yellow-fever while conducting experiments in Quemados, Cuba, to investigate the transmission of that disease. His death, two weeks later, proved that the mosquito was the carrier of yellow-fever.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_William_Lazear
1922 - The temperature at El Azizia in Libyia soared to 136 degrees to estbalish a world record. To make matters worse, a severe ghibi (dust storm) was in progress. (The Weather Channel)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Azizia
1928 - A rail detector car was demonstrated near Poughkeepsie, N.Y. to representatives of the American Railway Association and of various railroads. Invented by Dr. Elmer Ambrose Sperry, it was designed to enable locating internal flaws in existing railroad tracks. This first car, car No. 101, was capable of travelling at 10 mph while examining one rail at a time. It had been previously field-tested 13 Jun 1928.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_detector_car
1928 - Hurricane San Felipe crossed Puerto Rico resulting in the highest winds, the heaviest rains, and the greatest destruction in years. The hurricane produced much damage in the Virgin Islands, and later hit the Bahamas and Florida. (David Ludlum)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1876_San_Felipe_hurricane
1931 - Having recently suffered a nervous breakdown, Foursquare Gospel founder Aimee Semple McPherson, 40, entered an ill-fated marriage to David Hutton. (They divorced four years later.)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimee_Semple_McPherson
Cantor (rt) with Bert Gordon, aka "the Mad Russian"
1931 - Vaudeville star Eddie Cantor was heard for the first time on NBC radio. After he had attained Broadway stardom, Cantor turned to radio with The Chase and Sanborn Hour in September 1931. Performing as a standup comedian, he used his vaudeville experience to outstanding effect and combined the expression of patriotism and personal values with humour; audiences responded enthusiastically. With changes of name, the show continued for 18 years.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Cantor
1936 - Bob Feller strikes out 17 at 17. On this day in 1936, 17-year-old Cleveland Indians pitching ace "Rapid" Robert Feller strikes out 17 batters in a game, setting a new American League record. Feller allowed just two hits in the game to help his team to a 5-2 victory over the Philadelphia A’s.
Feller was born November 3, 1918, in Van Meter, Iowa. An only child, he spent his days pitching against the side of a barn on his family’s farm. At just 16 years old, in July 1935, Feller signed with Cy Slapnicka, a Cleveland Indian scout, in exchange for an autographed baseball and one dollar. On August 25, 1936, when he was still only 17, Feller made his first start, striking out 15 St. Louis Browns with a blazing fastball and knee-buckling curveball that would be the hallmarks of his long and storied career.
On September 13, Feller started the first game of a double-header against the Philadelphia A’s at League Park in Cleveland. The young pitcher’s fastball was effective from the start and he was soon racking up strikes at a pace unseen in the American League since Rube Waddell of the St. Louis Browns struck out 16 batters in 1908. Feller’s 17 strikeouts that day tied Dizzy Dean’s modern major league record, set in 1933. Two years later, on the last day of the 1938 season, Feller broke Dean’s record when he struck out 18 Detroit Tigers, setting a modern record that would stand for 31 years. (It was finally broken in 1969 by St. Louis Cardinals’ pitcher, Steve Carlton.
Bob Feller retired from baseball after the 1956 season having won more games than any pitcher in Cleveland Indians history. His numbers would, no doubt, have been even more impressive if not for the four seasons he spent in the Navy during World War II, where he earned eight battle stars. In 1957 his jersey number, 19, was the first to be retired by the Indians. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962, the only pitcher since Walter Johnson to be so honored in his first year of eligibility. His lifetime record of 266-162 includes three no-hitters (1940, 1946 and 1951).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Feller
1937 - The first broadcast of "Kitty Keene, Inc." was heard on the NBC Red network
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty_Keene,_Inc.
1940 - The Southern Baptist General Convention of California was organized at Shafter by representatives of 14 congregations attending an associational meeting of the denomination.
1948 - Margaret Chase Smith (R-ME) elected senator. Following a successful eight years in the House, Margaret Chase Smith beat the odds in 1948 when she soundly defeated the incumbent governor, Horace Hildreth; former governor, Sumner Sewall; and the Reverend Albion Beverage in the Republican primary for the United States Senate. She then went on to win the general election. As a result, she became the first woman in the nation's history to serve in both houses of Congress and the first to be elected to the Senate in her own right.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith
1952 "You Belong to Me" by Jo Stafford topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You_Belong_to_Me_(1952_song)
Taconite
1956 - Full production of taconite began at a the first U.S. plant established for large-scale commercial production. Taconite is a hard ore containing 25 to 30% iron. The rock was crushed, ground and magnetically separated to yield small pellets containing about 62% iron, with an annual prodction of 3,750,000 tons. Preliminary operations had begun in the fall of 1955. The plant, known as the E.W. Davis Works at Silver Bay, Minn., was built by the Reserve Mining Company (Duluth, Minn.) and jointly owned by the Armco Steel and Republican Steel corporations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taconite
1958 "Volare" by Domenico Modugno topped the charts
1960 - The Federal Communications Commission bans payola. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission banned payola which meant Disc-jockeys could no longer accept money or gifts in exchange for playing records unless there was full disclosure. Violating the payola rules becomes a misdemeanor, punishable by as much as $10,000 in fines and a year in prison.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payola
1961 - "Car 54 Where are You?" premiers on TV
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_54,_Where_Are_You%3F
1963 - "The Outer Limits" premiers
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Outer_Limits_(1963_TV_series)
1965 - Beatles release "Yesterday"
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesterday
1965 - Today Show's first totally color broadcast
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Today_Show#News_media
1969 "Honky Tonk Women" by the Rolling Stones topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honky_Tonk_Women
1971 - World Hockey Association formed
1971 - Attica prison riot ends. A four-day riot at Attica Prison comes to a violent end as law enforcement officials open fire, killing 29 inmates and 10 hostages and injuring many more. The prison insurrection was the bloodiest in U.S. history.
On the morning of September 9, 1971, a group of inmates at the Attica Correctional Facility, a maximum-security prison in western New York, assaulted a prison guard and began rioting. They took prison employees hostage and gained control of portions of the facility. Negotiations between inmates and prison officials followed. The inmates demanded better living conditions at the overcrowded prison, which had been built in the 1930s. At the inmates’ request, a committee of observers that included politicians and journalists was formed to oversee the talks.
When negotiations broke down, New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller ordered Attica to be taken by force. Rockefeller was planning to run for the Republican presidential nomination and reportedly wanted to combat the perception in some circles that he was soft on crime. On the morning of September 13, tear gas was dropped over the prison and state troopers opened fired on a group of over 1,200 inmates. In the chaos, 10 hostages and 29 inmates were killed by police gunfire and another 80 people were seriously wounded, the majority of them inmates, in what became the bloodiest prison uprising in U.S. history. Adding to the death toll were three inmates and a guard who had been killed earlier during the riot.
Some inmates later claimed that police took brutal revenge on them and that they were denied medical care for hours afterward. An investigation into the Attica revolt resulted in over 60 inmates being indicted and eight eventually convicted. One prison guard was charged with reckless endangerment, but his case was later dropped. A class-action suit filed in the 1970s on behalf of over 1,200 Attica inmates was settled in 2000 when a federal judge ordered New York State to pay $8 million to the surviving inmates. In 2005, the state also agreed to pay $12 million to the survivors and families of employees killed at Attica. Some of the inmates who have done time at Attica in the years since the riot include Mark David Chapman, who killed musician John Lennon; “Son of Sam” serial killer David Berkowitz; and Colin Ferguson, who gunned down six people on the Long Island Railroad.
1973 - Congress passes & sends a bill to Nixon to lift football's blackout
1975 - "Rhinestone Cowboy" by Glen Campbell topped the charts
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinestone_Cowboy
1983 - US mint strikes first gold coin in 50 years (Olympic Eagle) These are the first Olympic commemorative coins ever issued by the United States and also the first U.S. gold coin in over 50 years. Profits made from the sale of these coins by the government was used to train our Olympic teams, to support our local amateur athletic programs, and to promote and stage the 1984 Summer Games in Los Angeles.
1984 - Hurricane Diana, after making a complete loop off the Carolina coast, made landfall and moved across eastern North Carolina. Diana deluged Cape Fear with more than eighteen inches of rain, and caused 78 million dollars damage in North Carolina. (Storm Data)
1986 - Bert Blyleven gives up a record 44 HRs in a season
1986 - "Take My Breath Away" by Berlin topped the charts
1987 - Showers and thunderstorms produced heavy rain in the northeastern U.S. Flooding was reported in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Greenwood NY received 6.37 inches of rain. A dike along a creek at Prattsburg NY gave way and a two million dollar onion crop left on the ground to dry was washed away. The prolonged rains in the eastern U.S. finally came to an end late in the day as a cold front began to push the warm and humid airmass out to sea. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1987 A radioactive item was scavenged from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, resulting in four deaths and serious contamination in 249 others.
1988 - Hurricane Gilbert smashed into the Cayman Islands, and as it headed for the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico strenghtened into a monster hurricane, packing winds of 175 mph. The barometric pressure at the center of Gilbert reached 26.13 inches (888 mb), an all-time record for any hurricane in the Carribean, Gulf of Mexico, or the Atlantic Ocean. Gilbert covered much of the Gulf of Mexico, producing rain as far away as the Florida Keys. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 - Unseasonably cool weather prevailed over the Central Plains Region, with a record low of 29 degrees at North Platte NE. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the Pacific Northwest, with a record high of 96 degrees at Eugene OR. Thunderstorms over south Texas produced wind gusts to 69 mph at Del Rio, and two inches of rain in two hours. (National Weather Summary)
1990 - Law & Order debuts
1997 - "Honey" by Mariah Carey topped the charts
2001 - President Bush asked Congress for powers to wage war following the 911 attacks against an unidentified enemy. Bush called the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington "the first war of the 21st century" as his administration labeled fugitive Osama bin Laden a prime suspect. The United States promised to wage all-out retaliation against those responsible and any regime that protected them. Jetliners returned to the nation's skies for the first time in two days, carrying nervous passengers who faced strict new security measures.
Births
1755 - Oliver Evans (d 1819) American millwright and inventor who invented the first automatic corn mill, pioneered the high-pressure steam engine (US patent, 1790) and created the first continuous production line (1784). By about age 19, he invented a machine for bending and cutting off the wires in textile carding combs. His ideas for an automatic corn mill began in 1782, but the invention's development was not completed until 1790. The mill used bucket elevators to raise the grain, conveying devices including a horizontal screw conveyor, and a "hopper boy" to cool and dry the meal before gathering it into a hopper feeding the bolting cylinder. Together, this took incoming wheat and delivered flour packed in barrels.
1766 - Samuel Wilson, possible namesake of Uncle Sam (d 1854)
1793 John Scudder, Dutch Reformed missionary to Ceylon and India, was born in Freehold, New Jersey (d 1855).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scudder,_Sr.
1801 Eli Smith, missionary, in Northfield, Connecticut (d 11 Jan 1857).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli_Smith
1813 - John Sedgwick, American Civil War general (d 1864)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sedgwick
1827 Catherine Winkworth, English educator and translator of German hymns, was born in London (d 1 Jul 1878).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Winkworth
www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/w/i/n/winkworth_c.htm
1835 Andreas Wright, founder of Norwegian-Danish Augustana Synod in America and the United Norwegian Lutheran Church in America, (d 15 Nov 1917).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Augustana_Synod
1842 - John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (d. 1920)
1851 - Walter Reed (d 1902) US Army pathologist and bacteriologist who led the experiments that proved that yellow fever is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito. The Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C., was named in his honour.
1857 - Milton Snavely Hershey (d 1945) American manufacturer who founded the Hershey Chocolate Corporation. Apprenticed to a confectioner until 1876, he then opened his own candy shop in Philadelphia, Penn. Though that venture was unsuccessful, a few years later, he innovated the production of caramels by using fresh milk, with great success. In the 1890's he diversified into chocolate, and in 1903 began building what became the world's largest chocolate manufacturing plant. That site became Hershey, Pennsylvania. He used his fortune philanthropically.
1860 - Gen John J (Blackjack) Pershing US commander in WW I
1863 Cyrus Adler, American Jewish scholar, born in Van Buren, Arkansas (d 7 Apr 1940, Philadelphia).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus_Adler
1865 Maud Ballington Booth, American religious and welfare leader, born in Surrey, England (d 26 Aug 1948).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maud_Ballington_Booth
1866 - Adolf Meyer (d 1950) Swiss-American psychiatrist (1900-40), whose teaching and influential work has become a part of psychiatric theory and practice in English-speaking countries. Already trained in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology when he emigrated to the U.S. (1892), from working at mental institutions, he began to attribute the disorder in mental illness not to brain pathology, but to a personality dysfunction. He recognized social environment as an influence in mental disorders. Throughout his years at Johns Hopkins University as professor of psychiatry (1910-41), he taught that in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness, the patient must be evaluated as a whole person.
1874 - Henry Fountain Ashurst (d 1962) was an American Democratic politician and one of the first two Senators from Arizona. Largely self-educated, he served as a district attorney and member of the Arizona Territorial legislature before fulfilling his childhood ambition of joining the United States Senate. During his time in the Senate, Ashurst was chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs and the Judiciary Committee. Called "the longest U.S. theatrical engagement on record" by Time, Ashurst's political career was noted for a self-contradictory voting record, the use of a sesquipedalian vocabulary, and for a love of public speaking that earned him a reputation as one of the Senate's greatest orators. Among the sobriquets assigned to him were "the Dean of Inconsistency", "Five-Syllable Henry", and the "Silver-Tongued Sunbeam of the Painted Desert".
1874 - Arnold Schoenberg (d 1951) was an Austrian and later American composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School.
1876 - Sherwood Anderson Winesburg, Ohio, author/publisher (Winesburg)
1877 - Stanley Lord (d 1962) was captain of the SS Californian, a ship that was in the vicinity of the RMS Titanic the night it sank on 15 April 1912.
1893 - Larry Shields, American musician (d. 1953)
1895 - Morris Kirksey, American rugby player (d. 1981)
1903 - Claudette Colbert, American actress (d. 1996)
1911 - William Smith Monroe (d 1996) American musician who helped develop the style of music known as bluegrass, which takes its name from his band, the "Blue Grass Boys," named for Monroe's home state of Kentucky. Monroe's performing career spanned 60 years as a singer, instrumentalist, composer and bandleader. He is often referred to as The Father of Bluegrass.
1912 - Horace Welcome Babcock (d 2003) American astronomer, who with his father, Harold Babcock, was first to measure the distribution of magnetic fields over the solar surface. Horace invented and built many astronomical instruments, including a ruling engine which produced excellent diffraction gratings, the solar magnetograph, and microphotometers, automatic guiders, and exposure meters for the 100 and 200-inch telescopes. By combining his polarizing analyzer with the spectrograph he discovered magnetic fields in other stars. He developed important models of sunspots and their magnetism, and was the first to propose adaptive optics (1953).
1917 - Robert Ward Cleveland Ohio, composer (Pantaloon)
1896 The Missouri Synod’s work in London, England, began.
1918 - Ray Charles (born Charles Raymond Offenberg in Chicago, Illinois) (d 10 Jun 2004) American musician, singer, songwriter, vocal arranger and conductor who is best- known as organizer and leader of The Ray Charles Singers. The Ray Charles Singers were featured on Perry Como's records, radio shows and television shows for 35 years. The Ray Charles Singers are also known for a series of 30 choral record albums produced in the 1950s and 1960s for Essex, MGM, Decca and Command labels.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles
1922 - Charles Brown, American singer and pianist (d 1999)
1925 - Mel Torme‚ Chicago Ill, jazz singer "Velvet Fog" (Jet Set, Night Court) (d 5 Jun 1999)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Torme
1928 - Ernest L Boyer educator/chancellor of NY's State Universities (SUNY)
1937 - Fred Silverman New York City, American television executive and producer. He worked as an executive at the CBS, ABC and NBC networks, and was responsible for bringing to television such programs as the series Scooby-Doo (1969-present), All in the Family (1971-1979), The Waltons (1972-1981), and Charlie's Angels (1976-1981), as well as the miniseries Roots (1977) and Shôgun (1980).
1938 - Judith Martin, American etiquette writer (Miss Manners)
1939 - Larry M. Speakes former acting spokesman for the White House under President Ronald Reagan, having held the position from 1981 to 1987.
1944 - Peter Cetera, American musician (Chicago)
1964 - Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and author
1981 - William Loeb publisher of Manchester Union Leader, NH, dies at 75
Deaths
407 John Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople, one of the most popular preachers in the early church (b 349).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chrysostom
608 Saint Eulogius of Alexandria, patriarch of that see from 580 to 607, he was a successful combatant of the heretical errors then current in Egypt, notably the various phases of Monophysitism.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulogius_of_Alexandria
1803 - John Barry 1st American commodore, dies
1881 - Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1824)
1915 - Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
1941 - Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney (b. 1859)
1965 - Jean B. Fletcher, American architect (b. 1915)
1981 - William Loeb publisher of Manchester Union Leader, NH, dies at 75
1987 - Mervyn LeRoy, American film director (b. 1900)
1991 - Joseph Pasternak movie producer, dies at 89 of cancer (b. 1901)
1996 - Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
1998 - George Corley Wallace was born in Clio, Alabama, the son of a farmer. He worked his way through the University of Alabama Law School and after World War II served as assistant state's attorney for Alabama and a judge. In 1958, he made his first bid for Alabama's gubernatorial seat. The NAACP endorsed him while the KKK endorsed his opponent in the primary. Wallace was defeated by a wide margin. Four years later, Wallace ran again, this time as a fiery segregationist, and won election to the governor's office in a landslide victory. In his 1963 inaugural address, Wallace promised his white followers: "Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!" However, the promise lasted only six months. In June 1963, under federal pressure, he was forced to end his blockade of the University of Alabama and allow the enrollment of African American students.
Despite his failures in slowing the accelerating civil rights movement in the South, Wallace became a national spokesman for resistance to racial change and in 1964 entered the race for the U.S. presidency. Although defeated in most Democratic presidential primaries he entered, his modest successes demonstrated the extent of popular backlash against integration. In 1968, he made another strong run as the candidate of the American Independent Party and managed to get on the ballot in all 50 states. On Election Day, he drew 10 million votes from across the country.
In 1972, Governor Wallace returned to the Democratic Party for his third presidential campaign and, under a slightly more moderate platform, was showing promising returns when Arthur Bremer shot him on May 15. Three others were wounded in Bremer's attack on a Wallace rally in Maryland, and Wallace was permanently paralyzed from the waist down. The next day, while fighting for his life in a hospital, he won major primary victories in Michigan and Maryland. However, Wallace remained in the hospital for several months, bringing his third presidential campaign to an irrevocable end.
After his recovery, he faded from national prominence and made a poor showing in his fourth and final presidential campaign, in 1979. During the 1980s, Wallace's politics shifted dramatically, especially in regard to race. He contacted civil rights leaders he had so forcibly opposed in the past and asked their forgiveness. In time, he gained the political support of Alabama's growing African American electorate and in 1983 was elected Alabama governor for the last time with their overwhelming support. During the next four years, the man who had promised segregation forever made more African American political appointments than any other figure in Alabama history.
He announced his retirement in 1986, telling the Alabama electorate in a tearful address that "I've climbed my last political mountain, but there are still some personal hills I must climb. But for now, I must pass the rope and the pick to another climber and say climb on, climb on to higher heights. Climb on 'til you reach the very peak. Then look back and wave at me. I, too, will still be climbing."
1999 - Benjamin S. Bloom (b 1913) was a Jewish-American educational psychologist who made contributions to the classification of educational objectives and to the theory of mastery-learning. He also directed a research team which conducted a major investigation into the development of exceptional talent whose results are relevant to the question of eminence, exceptional achievement, and greatness .
2006 - Ann Richards, 46th Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
Christian Feast Day:
John Chrysostom
Aimé
Ame
September 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/american-sympathizer-charles-james-fox-dies-in-britain?catId=1
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13
daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_13.htm
www.lutheranhistory.org/history/tih0913.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_13_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)