Post by farmgal on Sept 9, 2012 21:00:58 GMT -5
September 11th is the 255th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar.
There are 111 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 56
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
Cenotaph of Marcus Caelius, 1st centurion of XVIII, who "fell in the war of Varus" (bello Variano).
Reconstructed inscription: "To Marcus Caelius, son of Titus, of the Lemonian district, from Bologna, first centurion of the eighteenth legion. 53½ years old. He fell in the Varian War. His bones may be interred here. Publius Caelius, son of Titus, of the Lemonian district, his brother, erected (this monument)."
9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest
The Wallace memorial overlooks Stirling Bridge battlefield, the site of his greatest victory
1297 - Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly-led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge
www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=71
1609 - Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan island Hudson sailed through the Narrows and anchored in New York Bay. The first night he anchored off the northern tip of Manhattan. On the twelth, a flotilla of 28 canoes, filled with men, women and children approached, but, Juet wrote, "we saw the intent of their treachery and would not allow any of them to come aboard." However, the crew bought food from them. Hudson noted the natives used copper in their pipes and inferred there was a natural source nearby. Heading northward, the crew traded for oysters with the Native Americans; the ship was near today's Yonkers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson
1672 - Colonial American clergyman Solomon Stoddard, 29, was ordained pastor of the Congregational church in Northampton, Mass. He remained at this pulpit for the next 57 years! (From 1727 until his death in 1729, Stoddard was assisted by his grandson, Jonathan Edwards.)
americanphilosophy.net/stoddard_bio.htm
1773 - Benjamin Franklin writes "There never was a good war or bad peace." The quote "There never was a good war or a bad peace" was contained in a letter from Benjamin Franklin, to Josiah Quincy on September 11, 1773.He wrote a series of anonymous articles for the Boston Gazette in which he opposed the Stamp Act and other British colonial policies. Quincy, along with John Adams, defended the British soldiers in the trial after the Boston Massacre. In 1774, Quincy traveled to England to present the colonists' grievances.
americanphilosophy.net/stoddard_bio.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Stoddard
1773 - The Public Advertiser publishes a satirical essay titled Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be Reduced To A Small One written by Benjamin Franklin.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagatelles_and_satires_(Benjamin_Franklin)#Rules_by_Which_a_Great_Empire_May_Be_Reduced_to_a_Small_One
Arnold's Oath of Allegiance, May 30, 1778
1775 - Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold
1777 - The Battle of Brandywine begins On the afternoon of this day in 1777, General Sir William Howe and General Charles Cornwallis launch a full-scale British attack on General George Washington and the Patriot outpost at Brandywine Creek near Chadds Ford, in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, on the road linking Baltimore and Philadelphia.
Howe and Cornwallis spilt their 18,000 British troops into two separate divisions, with Howe leading an attack from the front and Cornwallis circling around and attacking from the right flank. The morning had provided the British troops with cover from a dense fog, so Washington was unaware the British had split into two divisions and was caught off guard by the oncoming British attack.
Although the Americans were able to slow the advancing British, they were soon faced with the possibility of being surrounded. Surprised and outnumbered by the 18,000 British troops to his 11,000 Continentals, Washington ordered his men to abandon their posts and retreat. Defeated, the Continental Army marched north and camped at Germantown, Pennsylvania. The British abandoned their pursuit of the Continentals and instead began the British occupation of Philadelphia. Congress, which had been meeting in Philadelphia, fled first to Lancaster, then to York, Pennsylvania, and the British took control of the city without Patriot opposition.
The one-day battle at Brandywine cost the Americans more than 1,100 men killed or captured while the British lost approximately 600 men killed or injured. To make matters worse, the Patriots were also forced to abandon most of their cannon to the British victors after their artillery horses fell in battle.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine
1786 - Annapolis Convention to determine interstate commerce
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)
1789 - Alexander Hamilton appointed Secretary of the Treasury. Hamilton, George Washington's former military aide and a renowned financier, was appointed the first Secretary of the Treasury and thus he became the architect of the structure of the Department. Desirous of a strong, centrally controlled Treasury, Hamilton did constant battle with Thomas Jefferson, then Secretary of State, and Albert Gallatin, then a Congressman, over the amount of power the Department of the Treasury should be allowed to wield.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
1813 - War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington D.C.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812#Course_of_the_war
Naval battle on Lake Champlain. Engraving in 1816 by B. Tanner
1814 - Battle of Lake Champlain, NY; Americans defeat British. The Battle of Lake Champlain, also known as the Battle of Plattsburgh, fought on September 11, 1814, ended the final invasion of the northern states during the War of 1812. Fought just prior to the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, the American victory denied the British any leverage to demand exclusive control over the Great Lakes and any territorial gains against the New England states.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Champlain
1822 - It was announced by the College of Cardinals that henceforth "the printing and publication of works treating of the motion of the earth and the stability of the sun, in accordance with the opinion of modern astronomers, is permitted." When two weeks pope Pius VII ratified the Cardinals' decree, the Catholic Church finally officially accepted the Copernican principle that on 22 Jun 1633 Italian scientist Galileo had been imprisoned for championing. It was not until 1835 that the Vatican removed Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems from its list of banned books. Finally 31 Oct 1992, the Catholic Church admitted that Galileo had been correct.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue_Concerning_the_Two_Chief_World_Systems
1829 - Surrender of the expedition led by Isidro Barradas at Tampico, sent by the Spanish crown in order to retake Mexico, This was the final consummation of Mexican independence.
1841 - The first U.S. patent for collapsible metal tubes was issued to an artist, John Rand (No. 2,252). His purpose was as a "mode of preserving paints, and other fluids, by confining them in close mettalic vessels so constructed as to collapse with slight pressure, and thus force out the paint or fluid confined therein through proper openings for that purpose." The tubes, molded of lead and used to hold oil colours, were provided with caps to keep them airtight. The idea was later reinvented in 1892 for the commercial packaging of tootpaste. The first collapsible polythene tubes were produced in the U.S. for skin-tanning lotion in 1953.
1847 - Stephen Foster performed his "Oh! Susanna" for the very first time. "Oh! Susanna" premieres in a performance at Andrews' Eagle Ice Cream Saloon in Pittsburgh. The song will sweep the nation -- and, within the year, become the unofficial theme of the California gold rush.
1850 - "Swedish Nightingale" Jenny Lind gives first US concert. Swedish soprano Jenny Lind, whose purity of voice and natural singing style earned her the nickname "the Swedish nightingale," made her American debut at the Castle Garden Theatre in New York City on September 11, 1850. The appearance inaugurated a ninety-three-stop American tour which was arranged by showman and entertainment entrepreneur Phineas T. Barnum.
1861 - Cheat Mountain Campaign Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee move into position against a Union stronghold on Cheat Mountain in western Virginia, only to retreat three days later without firing a shot.
The first few months of the war in western Virginia did not go well for the Confederates. The independent-minded inhabitants of the region generally rejected secession, and a movement was under way to separate from Virginia and remain with the Union. Lee said of the area, "Our citizens beyond this point are all on their side." In the summer of 1861, Union forces had defeated the Confederates several times and secured the mountainous region's major east-west transportation routes. Now, Confederate President Jefferson Davis dispatched Lee, his top military advisor, to the field in order to salvage the region. Although he arrived as a consultant to General William Loring, Lee was the ranking officer.
The Union commander in western Virginia, General William Rosecrans, established a long front between the Kanawha and Potomac Rivers, along which the Federals established a stronghold on Cheat Mountain. Lee felt that an offensive against Cheat Mountain was the only way to break the Union front. He realized that the Rebel forces in the area where hardly in shape for such a move. Many were sick, and the weather was particularly rainy.
However, the Confederates found a hidden and unguarded route to the top of Cheat Mountain. On September 11, Colonel Albert Rust, commander of the 3rd Arkansas, led a party up the trail and positioned for an assault. The plan called for a surprise attack by Rust, who would be joined by other Confederate detachments from the valley. But after capturing some Union pickets, Rust was convinced that the Union garrison numbered at least 4,000 with reinforcements on the way. In fact, just 300 Yankees manned the defenses on the mountain.
Discouraged, Rust retreated while the main Confederate column waited in the valley below. On September 14, the Confederates pulled away without firing a shot. The campaign was a fiasco, and it damaged Lee's reputation. Part of the problem at Cheat Mountain was that Lee's role was not well defined, and Loring often dismissed his suggestions. It was an ignominious start to Lee's Civil War career, but his future achievements easily erased any tarnish the Cheat Mountain campaign put on his reputation.
1875 - First comic strip to appear in a newspaper - "Professor Tigwissel’s Burglar Alarm." "Professor Tigwissel's Burglar Alarm," by Livingston Hopkins, appeared in the New York "Daily Graphics" newspaper. 17 successive pictures that filled a full page made up the first comic strip to be published in a newspaper. Hopkins additionally worked for Puck Magazine before joining James Wales at The Judge in 1881. The New York World was the first to feature Sunday comics in 1893
1877 - The first comic-character timepiece was patented by the Waterbury Clock Company. It was another 56 years before the same company produced the first Mickey Mouse watch.
1883 - The first U.S. patent for a mail chute was issued to J.G. Cutler of Rochester, N.Y, former Mayor The device was first used in the Elwood Building in Rochester.
1892 - The Scarritt Bible and Training School in Nashville, TN, was dedicated, primarily as the result of the conception, urging and fund-raising of southern Methodist missions leader and social reformer, Belle Harris Bennett (1852-1922). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarritt_College_for_Christian_Workers
1893 World Parliament of Religions. When you encounter Buddhists handing out in airport terminals and Eastern mysticism in all shapes within the New Age movement, you have an extraordinary event of the late 19th century to thank (or blame). The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in honor of the 400th year of Columbus' voyage to the New World, was not just a big trade fair. In addition to art exhibitions, and technical, engineering, transportation, architectural and other displays it called together a conference of world religious leaders.
This Parliament of World Religions opened on this day September 11, 1893. Its inspiration lay in the suggestion of a Swedenborgian, Charles C. Bonney. John Henry Barrows, one of Chicago's most liberal clergymen, promoted the event. He claimed later that he had hoped leaders of world religions would be convinced of the superiority of Christianity.
Many Christians such as D. L. Moody refused to participate. Most Protestant evangelicals agreed with the response of the Archbishop of Canterbury that to participate was to presuppose the equality of religions. Salvation is in Christ alone, they protested. Nonetheless, the Roman Catholic Church sent delegates and as did some liberal Protestant denominations. Other representation included a dozen Buddhists, eight Hindus, two Shintoists, a Jain, a Taoist, a couple Muslims, some Confucians, and Zoroastrians.
The Parliament produced just about the results that evangelicals anticipated. The speeches were largely anti-Christian and denounced Christian missions as unchristian. To many people, Christianity began to seem just one among many equal alternatives. Some began to question if Asian faiths were not legitimate alternatives to Christianity. Many decided they were. Great interest was generated in Buddhism and Hinduism.
Swami Vivekananda of the Hindu tradition and Anagarika Dharmapala of the Buddhists toured the United States. The outcome was a Vedanta Society and a Buddhist society. D. T. Suzuki, a Buddhist, was dispatched to the United States by another attendee of the conference where he translated works into English and established a Zen presence, including America's first Zen monasteries. Many other Eastern gurus, seeing ripe fields, have since set up shop in the United States and Americans have increasingly turned from traditional Christianity to homemade cults, many of which include motifs from Eastern religions.
As a consequence of this new exposure, Americans became more devoted to the idea of religious pluralism. And since the Columbian Exposition, Eastern religions and their symbols have increasingly infiltrated American thought. This, of course, presents a foundational challenge to the basic Judeo-Christian heritage of America with implications for the future identity and destiny of the nation.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630638/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Parliament_of_Religions
F. O. Stanley and his wife Flora drove to the top of Mount Washington to generate publicity for their firm.
1900 - A motor vehicle patent was granted to Francis and Freelan Stanley. Twins Francis Edgar Stanley (1849-1918) and Freelan O. Stanley (1849-1940) founded the company after selling their photographic dry plate business to Eastman Kodak. They produced their first car in 1897. They sold the rights to this design to Locomobile. Early Stanley/Locomobile cars had light wooden bodies mounted on unsprung tubular steel frames by means of full-elliptic springs. Steam was generated in a vertical fire-tube boiler, mounted beneath the seat, with a vaporizing petroleum (later, kerosene) burner underneath. In 1906, the Stanley Rocket set the world land speed record at 127.7 mph (205.5 km/h) at the Daytona Beach Road Course, driven by Fred Marriott, picking up the Dewar Trophy in the process.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomobile
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Motor_Carriage_Company
1906 - Mahatma Gandhi coins the term "Satyagraha" to characterize the Non-Violence movement in South Africa.
1908 - Orville Wright established a new flight record of 70 min. aloft.
1919 - U.S. Marines invade Honduras.
1921 - Nahalal, the first moshav in Palestine, is settled as part of a Zionist plan to colonize Palestine and creating a Jewish state, later to be Israel.
1922 - The British Mandate of Palestine begins.
1923 - The dirigible ZR-1 flies over NY's tallest skyscraper, the Woolworth Tower. USS Shenandoah, a 2,115,000 cubic foot rigid airship, was fabricated at the Naval Aircraft Factory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and assembled at Naval Air Station Lakehurst, New Jersey. She first flew in early September 1923 and was placed in commission slightly over a month later. During the final four months of 1923 and the first weeks of 1924 Shenandoah made several flights around the eastern United States, giving the American people their first view of a U.S. owned rigid airship.
1925 - The Royal tomb of the Indian Mound Builders was unearthed in Chillicothe, Ohio.
1926 - Aloha Tower dedicated in Honolulu
1928 - General Electric made the first simulcast in Schenectady, New York, broadcasting a play over radio and TV at same time, The Queen's Messenger.
1930 - Stromboli volcano (Sicily) throws 2-ton basaltic rocks 2 miles. In 1930, during the largest eruption of Stromboli of the 20th century, three people were killed by pyroclastic flows. A fourth was scalded to death in the sea near the point the flows entered the ocean. The amount of ash erupted in the explosive eruptions in 1930 was equivalent to that produced during five years of normal, quiet activity.
1931 - Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Charles Luciano's hitmen.
1933 Gerhard Jacobi, pastor of William I Memorial Church, Berlin, gathered ca. 60 opposing pastors, who clearly saw the breach of Christian and Protestant principles. Eugen Weschke and Günter Jacob proposed to found the Pfarrernotbund, and so they did, electing Pastor Martin Niemöller their president. On the basis of the theses of Günter Jacob its members concluded that a schism was a matter of fact, a new Protestant church was to be established, since the official destroyed churches were anti-Christian, heretical and therefore illegitimate. Each pastor joining the Covenant - until the end of September 1933 2,036 out of a total of 18,842 Protestant pastors in Germany acceded - had to sign that he rejected the Aryan paragraph.
In 1934 the Covenant counted 7,036 members, after 1935 the number sank to 4,952, among them 374 retired pastors, 529 auxiliary preachers and 116 candidates of ministry.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfarrernotbund#Gathering_the_opposition_in_the_Emergency_Covenant_of_Pastors
1936 - FDR dedicates Boulder Dam, now known as Hoover Dam
1936 - A's pitcher Horace Lisenbee gives up 26 hits in a game.
1941 - Ground is broken for the construction of The Pentagon.
1941 - Charles Lindbergh, charges "the British, the Jewish & the Roosevelt administration" are trying to get the US into WW II
1941 - FDR orders any Axis ship found in American waters be shot on sight
1943 - World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija.
1943 - World War II: Start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis.
1944 - World War II: The first Allied troops of the U.S. Army cross the western border of Germany.
1944 - World War II: RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500.
1944 - FDR & Churchill meet in Canada at the 2nd Quebec Conference
1945 - World War II: Liberation of the Japanese-run POW and civilian internment camp at Batu Lintang, Kuching, Sarawak on the island of Borneo by Australian 9th Division forces. Over 2,000 prisoners, including women and children, were due to be executed on September 15.
1945 - Ernest Tubb recorded "It Just Doesn’t Matter Now" and "Love Turns to Hate"
1946 - The first mobile long-distance car-to-car telephone conversation took place between Houston, Texas and St. Louis, Missouri.
1947 - Radioactive isotopes produced from phosphorus-31, arrived at Canberra, Australia, being the first export of radioisotopes from the U.S. They were to be used in Australia's X-ray and medical laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tenn., produced the isotopes as a by-product of the chain reaction in a uranium pile. They travelled by airplane via San Francisco, California.
1949 - An early snowstorm brought 7.5 inches to Helena MT. In Maine, a storm drenched New Brunswick with 8.05 inches of rain in 24 hours, a state record. (The Weather Channel)
1950 - 33 die in a train crash in Coshocton Ohio
1950 - A U.S.-made typesetter that no longer was based on making metal type was first put public display at the Sixth Educational Graphic Arts Exposition, in Chicago, Illinois. It was the Intertype Fotosetter Photogtaphic Line Composing Machine, manufactured by the Intertype Corp. of Brooklyn, N.Y. The first installation had been made at the plant of Stecher-Traung Lithograph Corporation in 1949.
1950 - Dick Tracy TV show sparks uproar concerning violence. Ralph Byrd, who had played the square-jawed sleuth in all four Republic movie serials, and in two of the RKO feature length films, reprised his role in a short-lived live-action Dick Tracy series that ran on ABC from 1950 to 1951.
1951 - Florence Chadwick becomes first woman to swim the English Channel from England to France. On September 11, 1951, Chadwick finally decided to swim, despite dense fog and strong headwinds. Because of challenging winds and tides, this route across the Channel from Dover, England to Sangatte, France was considered more difficult than the France-to-England route. Previous swimmers had avoided it, and no woman had ever completed it. While swimming, Chadwick had to take anti-seasickness medication, but managed to finish in record time-16 hours and 22 minutes. The mayor of Sangat te waited to congratulate her as she emerged from the water.
1952 - West German Chancellor Adenauer signs a reparation pact for Jews
1952 - The first artificial aortic valve was successfull fitted in the heart of a 30-yr-old patient. It was made by Dr. Charles A. Hufnagel of the Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C. The valve was made of Flexiglas and contained a 3/4" diam. float that rose and slipped into one of three sockets in the side of the valve sleeve on the heart's upbeat, when blood was forced into the aorta.
1954 - First Miss America TV broadcast. In 1954, during the Golden Era of television, the Miss America Pageant was broadcast live by ABC for the very first time. That broadcast broke viewership records of the day with 39 percent of the television audience (27 million viewers) viewing the Miss America telecast. Evelyn Ay from Ephrata, PA won the title.
1954 - "Sh-Boom" by the Crew-Cuts topped the charts
Their first cover, "Sh-Boom" (of which the R&B original was recorded by The Chords) hit #1 on the charts in 1954. Interestingly, many of the non-cover songs of theirs that became hits in Canada were unknown in the United States of America, while it was only their covers that had great success in the USA.
1955 - The First Southern Baptist church to be established in Nebraska was organized at Lincoln, with 34 charter members. Founded by Southern Baptist U.S. Air Force personnel who had been stationed in Lincoln, the congregation first met for worship on Easter Sunday of this year.
1956 - Cincinnati Red Frank Robinson ties rookie record with his 38th HR
1956 - People to People International is founded by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
1960 - The 17th Olympic games close in Rome
1960 - The Young Americans for Freedom, meeting at home of William F. Buckley, Jr., promulgate the Sharon Statement.
“ WE, as young conservatives believe:
"THAT foremost among the transcendent values is the individual's use of his God-given free will, whence derives his right to be free from the restrictions of arbitrary force;
"THAT liberty is indivisible, and that political freedom cannot long exist without economic freedom;
"THAT the purpose of government is to protect those freedoms through the preservation of internal order, the provision of national defense, and the administration of justice;
"THAT when government ventures beyond these rightful functions, it accumulates power, which tends to diminish order and liberty;
"THAT the Constitution of the United States is the best arrangement yet devised for empowering government to fulfill its proper role, while restraining it from the concentration and abuse of power;
"THAT the genius of the Constitution - the division of powers - is summed up in the clause that reserves primacy to the several states, or to the people in those spheres not specifically delegated to the Federal government;
"THAT the market economy, allocating resources by the free play of supply and demand, is the single economic system compatible with the requirements of personal freedom and constitutional government, and that it is at the same time the most productive supplier of human needs;
"THAT when government interferes with the work of the market economy, it tends to reduce the moral and physical strength of the nation, that when it takes from one to bestow on another, it diminishes the incentive of the first, the integrity of the second, and the moral autonomy of both;
"THAT we will be free only so long as the national sovereignty of the United States is secure; that history shows periods of freedom are rare, and can exist only when free citizens concertedly defend their rights against all enemies…
"THAT the forces of international Communism are, at present, the greatest single threat to these liberties;
"THAT the United States should stress victory over, rather than coexistence with this menace; and
"THAT American foreign policy must be judged by this criterion: does it serve the just interests of the United States?"
1961 - Foundation of the World Wildlife Fund.
1961 - Hurricane Carla strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state.
1961 - Very large and slow moving Hurricane Carla made landfall near Port Lavaca TX. Carla battered the central Texas coast with wind gusts to 175 mph, and up to 16 inches of rain, and spawned a vicious tornado which swept across Galveston Island killing eight persons. The hurricane claimed 45 lives, and caused 300 million dollars damage. The remnants of Carla produced heavy rain in the Lower Missouri Valley and southern sections of the Upper Great Lakes Region. (David Ludlum) (Storm Data)
1962 - American Trappist monk Thomas Merton wrote in a letter: 'We have not tasted the things given to us in Christ. Instead, we have built around ourselves walls and cells, and buried ourselves in dust and documents, and now we wonder why we cannot see God, or leap to do his will.'
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Merton
1962 - Beatles cut "Love Me Do" & "PS I Love You" "Love Me Do" was the Beatles first single. Ringo Starr joined John, Paul and George and Andy to record "Love Me Do" at Abbey Road, London, England. "Who's Andy?" you ask. Andy White, that's who, recruited as drummer for this session. "Then, what did Ringo do?" you ask. He handled the tambourine, that's what. It was released in England by Parlophone Records, but it took a while before they could get a record company to distribute it in America. The Beatles wanted Capitol Records to release it in the US, but they refused, figuring it would flop. It went to Tollie Records, who released it in America during Beatlemania, about a year after it was released in England. "PS I Love You" was written by Paul McCartney in Hamburg, Germany while The Beatles were the house band at The Star Club. They spent much of 1962 there improving their skills with constant live performances.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatles
1964 - The last of the "Friday Night Fights" was seen on free, home TV
Shoulder sleeve insignia
1965 - The 1st Cavalry Division of the United States Army arrives in Vietnam.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)#Vietnam_.281st_Air_Cav.29
1965 - Beatles' "Help!," album goes #1 & stays #1 for 9 weeks.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help!_(song)
1967 "The Carol Burnett Show" premiered on CBS. The popular variety show made the stars household names with such hilarious sketches as "As the Stomach Turns", "Went with the Wind" (a parody of Gone with the Wind featuring a memorable scene with Burnett as Scarlett O'Hara in the dress made from a window curtain, complete with rod), "Carol & Sis", "Mrs. Wiggins", "The Family" (which would become Mama's Family), "Nora Desmond" (Burnett's send-up of Gloria Swanson's character in Sunset Boulevard), and "Stella Toddler." With such famous guest stars as Lucille Ball, Shirley MacLaine, Lily Tomlin, Liza Minelli, Sonny and Cher, Vincent Price, Dinah Shore, the Jackson 5, Gloria Swanson herself, and many more (see below) appearing weekly to bring entertainment into the living rooms of Americans all over the country, the long-running show was nominated for many Emmys and won quite a few.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Carol_Burnett_Show
1967 - US Surveyor 5 makes first chemical analysis of lunar material. Surveyor 5 performed it flawlessly and landed softly. Once safely on the Moon, the spacecraft functioned well, outperforming the previous missions. During its first lunar day, 18,006 television images of exceptional quality and high scientific content were returned to Earth. On October 15, 1967, after having spent two weeks in the deep freeze of a lunar night, Surveyor 5 responded immediately to the first turn-on command and resumed operation, returning 1048 additional pictures and 22 hours of additional data.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyor_5
1970 - 88 of the hostages from the Dawson's Field hijackings are released. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25.
1971 - "Go Away Little Girl" by Donny Osmond topped the charts
1972 - Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) in San Francisco, California begins regular service.
1974 - Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in Charlotte, North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew.
1976 - Evonne Goolagong loses her 4th straight US Open Final (Evert wins)
1976 - Up to five inches of rain brought walls of water and millions of tons of debris into Bullhead City AZ via washes from elevations above 3000 feet. Flooding caused more than three million dollars damage. Chasms up to forty feet deep were cut across some roads. (The Weather Channel)
1977 - Guillermo Vilas beats Jimmy O'Connors wins US Open
1978 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt, and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel meet at Camp David and agree on the Camp David Accords a framework for peace between Israel and Egypt and a comprehensive peace in the Middle East.
1982 - Chris Evert 6th US Open title defeats Hana Mandlikava
1985 - The International Cometary Explorer (ICE) flew relatively unscathed through the gas tail of comet P/Giacobini-Zinner, at a speed of 21 km/sec at its closed approach of some 7,800-km downstream from the nucleus. The spaceraft found a region of interacting cometary and solar wind ions, and encountered a comet plasma tail about 25,000 km wide. Water and carbon monoxide ions were also identified, which confirmed the "dirty snowball" theory. It had been launched on 12 Aug 1978, originally named ISEE-3 (International Sun-Earth Explorer), then renamed ICE when, after completing its original mission in 1982, it was gravitationally manuvuered to intercept the comet.
1985 - Pete Rose gets career hit 4,192 eclipsing Ty Cobb's record
1986 - Thunderstorms caused flash flooding and subsequent river flooding in central Lower Michigan. Up to 14 inches of rain fell in a 72 hour period, and flooding caused 400 million dollars damage. (Storm Data)
1986 - Dow Jones Industrial Avg suffered biggest 1-day decline ever, plummeting 86.61 points to 1,792.89. 237.57 million shares traded
1987 - CBS went black for six minutes after anchorman Dan Rather walked off the set of "The CBS Evening News" because a tennis tournament being carried by the network ran overtime
1987 - Late afternoon and evening thunderstorms produced large hail and damaging winds in Texas, and spawned three tornadoes. Thunderstorm winds gusted to 70 mph at Goodnight TX. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - Snow blanketed parts of the Central Rocky Mountain Region and the Central Plateau, with ten inches reported at Mount Evans in Colorado. Smoke from forest fires in the northwestern U.S. reached Pennsylvania and New York State. Hurricane Gilbert, moving westward over the Carribean, was packing winds of 100 mph by the end of the day. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 Drexel formally pleads guilty to security fraud
1989 - The iron curtain opens between the communist Hungary and Austria. From Hungary thousands of East Germans throng to Austria and West Germany.
1989 - Nine cities in the north central U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Havre MT with a reading of 23 degrees. Livingston MT and West Yellowstone MT tied for honors as the cold spot in the nation with morning lows of 17 degrees. Thunderstorms produced hail over the Sierra Nevada Range of California, with two inches reported on the ground near Donner Summit. The hail made roads very slick, resulting in a twenty car accident. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1991 - 14 die in a Continental Express commuter plane crash near Houston
1992 - Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricanes in United States history, devastates Hawaii, especially the islands of Kauai and Oahu
1996 - The Southern Pacific Railroad is absorbed into the Union Pacific Railroad system.
1997 - The Mars Global Surveyor, launched in Nov 1996, went into an elliptical orbit around Mars. To drop into a lower orbit the original mission plan was to use a braking effect by dipping into the upper Martian atmosphere. The lower orbit was a better position for mapping purposes. However, the aerobraking method originally planned was suspended for several weeks to give engineers time to develop more gentle manoeuvers to protect the craft when a solar array failed to deploy correctly, and was flexing excessively. It was to spend two years mapping the surface of Mars.
1999 - The death of an 83-year-old man stung by a swarm of Africanized "killer" bees marked the first fatality by that cause in the state of California (USA). The victim, Virgil Foster, was a bee-keeper, who was mowing his lawn in Los Angeles County on 31 Aug 1999 when he was stung at least 50 times by the highly aggressive bees. He was not breathing when paramedics arrived, and then went into cardiac arrest. For two weeks he had been kept alive on a respirator. Foster's three hives had been taken over by wild Africanized honeybees. There had been several prior deaths from bee attacks in other U.S. states as the killer bees continued migrating north, originally from Brazil.
2001 - Attack on America At 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashes into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767--United Airlines Flight 175--appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center, and sliced into the south tower at about the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack.
The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War, and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the U.S. in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation. The 19 terrorists easily smuggled box-cutters and knives through security at three East Coast airports and boarded four flights bound for California, chosen because the planes were loaded with fuel for the long transcontinental journey. Soon after takeoff, the terrorists commandeered the four planes and took the controls, transforming the ordinary commuter jets into guided missiles.
As millions watched in horror the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington and slammed into the west side of the Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to a structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building. All told, 125 military personnel and civilians were killed in the Pentagon along with all 64 people aboard the airliner.
Less than 15 minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke. The structural steel of the skyscraper, built to withstand winds in excess of 200 mph and a large conventional fire, could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to 3,000 people died in the World Trade Center and its vicinity, including a staggering 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers, and 37 Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors. Only six people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of their collapse survived. Almost 10,000 other people were treated for injuries, many severe.
Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane--United Flight 93--was hijacked about 40 minutes after leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone and Airfone calls to the ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned an insurrection. One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett, Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know we're all going to die. There's three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger--Todd Beamer--was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line. Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband and explained that she had slipped into a galley and was filling pitchers with boiling water. Her last words to him were "Everyone's running to first class. I've got to go. Bye."
The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground at upwards of 500 miles per hour, crashing in a rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All 45 people aboard were killed. Its intended target is not known, but theories include the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland, or one of several nuclear power plants along the eastern seaboard.
At 7 p.m., President George W. Bush, who had spent the day being shuttled around the country because of security concerns, returned to the White House. At 9 p.m., he delivered a televised address from the Oval Office, declaring "Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve." In a reference to the eventual U.S. military response he declared: "We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them."
Operation Enduring Freedom, the U.S.-led international effort to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden's terrorist network based there, began on October 7. Although the Taliban is no longer in power, fighting in Afghanistan continues, and Osama bin Laden is still at large.
2001 - President Bush learns of attack on World Trade Center On the morning of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush is en route to a visit with schoolchildren in Florida when he receives word that a passenger jet had just crashed into one of the World Trade Center towers in New York City. Within an hour of this first report, President Bush was reading along with children in a classroom when he was informed that a second airliner had crashed into a second tower.
Earlier that morning, President Bush had received a scheduled security briefing and learned that there was a heightened but non-specific threat of a terrorist attack that day. Warned but undeterred, he continued with a pre-arranged trip to visit Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, to promote a new education bill. On the way from his hotel to the school, aides passed word to the President’s car in the motorcade that a passenger jet had crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 am EST. President Bush initially thought, as he later told a reporter, that the crash was the result of a terrible accident or pilot error. President Bush arrived at the school shortly after the initial report and was waiting in an empty classroom at Booker Elementary with his Secret Service detail when the earliest news footage of the first plane crashing into the tower played on the school’s television screens. Just moments before the second plane hit, President Bush was whisked into the classroom where he proceeded to meet with a group of first graders.
Video cameras were filmingPresident Bush’s school visit when White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card slipped into the room at 9:06 a.m. and whispered in the President’s ear that the World Trade Center had been hit by a second airplane and that the nation was under attack by an unknown entity. President Bush appeared momentarily stricken, yet maintained his composure and continued to listen to the children read aloud for an additional eight to nine minutes. President Bush explained in a White House press conference a week later that his reaction that fateful morning was one of slowly comprehending shock: "I’m sitting in the midst of a classroom with little kids, listening to a children’s story and I realize I’m the Commander in Chief and the country has just come under attack." At the end of the story, President Bush commended the children on their reading skills and encouraged them to continue to read more and to watch less television. He then posed for photos with the children, their teacher and school administrators. Under bright lights, while cameras clicked and whirred, a reporter could be heard asking the president if he was aware of the attacks. Not wishing to frighten the children, President Bush replied tersely, "I’ll talk about it later."
After the photo opportunity, President Bush was escorted into an empty classroom, where he watched updated news reports of the attacks and consulted with Vice President Dick Cheney and New York Governor George Pataki by phone. Still on the school grounds at 9:29 a.m., President Bush made his first of several live announcements that day regarding the unfolding tragedy. Secret Service agents then rushed President Bush to Air Force One, which was waiting on the tarmac at Sarasota’s airport. On his way to the airport, President Bush heard about a third attack, this time on the Pentagon in Washington, D.C.
Once aboard Air Force One, the plane’s pilot flew in circles at cruising altitude while President Bush and Vice President Cheney discussed via phone where the president would be safest. The presidential plane stopped briefly at an air base in Louisiana before proceeding to Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska. President Bush did not remain away from the capital for long: by 6:42 p.m., he was back in Washington.
2001 - World leaders expressed outrage at terrorist attacks in NYC and the Pentagon and pledged solidarity with the US. In the West Bank town of Nablus, some 3,000 people celebrated the attacks and chanted "God is great."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attack/Celebrations
2007 - Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of all bombs.
Emergency Number Day, proclaimed by President Reagan on August 26 in 1987. (United States communities, particularly the local emergency services)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-1-1_Emergency_Telephone_Number_Day
Patriot Day (United States)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Day
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/attack-on-america
www.amug.org/~jpaul/sep11.html
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_11.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.christianity.com/HistoryByDay/0911/
There are 111 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 56
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
Cenotaph of Marcus Caelius, 1st centurion of XVIII, who "fell in the war of Varus" (bello Variano).
Reconstructed inscription: "To Marcus Caelius, son of Titus, of the Lemonian district, from Bologna, first centurion of the eighteenth legion. 53½ years old. He fell in the Varian War. His bones may be interred here. Publius Caelius, son of Titus, of the Lemonian district, his brother, erected (this monument)."
9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Teutoburg_Forest
The Wallace memorial overlooks Stirling Bridge battlefield, the site of his greatest victory
1297 - Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly-led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Stirling_Bridge
www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=71
1609 - Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan island Hudson sailed through the Narrows and anchored in New York Bay. The first night he anchored off the northern tip of Manhattan. On the twelth, a flotilla of 28 canoes, filled with men, women and children approached, but, Juet wrote, "we saw the intent of their treachery and would not allow any of them to come aboard." However, the crew bought food from them. Hudson noted the natives used copper in their pipes and inferred there was a natural source nearby. Heading northward, the crew traded for oysters with the Native Americans; the ship was near today's Yonkers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hudson
1672 - Colonial American clergyman Solomon Stoddard, 29, was ordained pastor of the Congregational church in Northampton, Mass. He remained at this pulpit for the next 57 years! (From 1727 until his death in 1729, Stoddard was assisted by his grandson, Jonathan Edwards.)
americanphilosophy.net/stoddard_bio.htm
1773 - Benjamin Franklin writes "There never was a good war or bad peace." The quote "There never was a good war or a bad peace" was contained in a letter from Benjamin Franklin, to Josiah Quincy on September 11, 1773.He wrote a series of anonymous articles for the Boston Gazette in which he opposed the Stamp Act and other British colonial policies. Quincy, along with John Adams, defended the British soldiers in the trial after the Boston Massacre. In 1774, Quincy traveled to England to present the colonists' grievances.
americanphilosophy.net/stoddard_bio.htm
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Stoddard
1773 - The Public Advertiser publishes a satirical essay titled Rules By Which A Great Empire May Be Reduced To A Small One written by Benjamin Franklin.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagatelles_and_satires_(Benjamin_Franklin)#Rules_by_Which_a_Great_Empire_May_Be_Reduced_to_a_Small_One
Arnold's Oath of Allegiance, May 30, 1778
1775 - Benedict Arnold's expedition to Quebec leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold
Hessian map of the Philadelphia campaign
[/img][/center]1777 - The Battle of Brandywine begins On the afternoon of this day in 1777, General Sir William Howe and General Charles Cornwallis launch a full-scale British attack on General George Washington and the Patriot outpost at Brandywine Creek near Chadds Ford, in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, on the road linking Baltimore and Philadelphia.
Howe and Cornwallis spilt their 18,000 British troops into two separate divisions, with Howe leading an attack from the front and Cornwallis circling around and attacking from the right flank. The morning had provided the British troops with cover from a dense fog, so Washington was unaware the British had split into two divisions and was caught off guard by the oncoming British attack.
Although the Americans were able to slow the advancing British, they were soon faced with the possibility of being surrounded. Surprised and outnumbered by the 18,000 British troops to his 11,000 Continentals, Washington ordered his men to abandon their posts and retreat. Defeated, the Continental Army marched north and camped at Germantown, Pennsylvania. The British abandoned their pursuit of the Continentals and instead began the British occupation of Philadelphia. Congress, which had been meeting in Philadelphia, fled first to Lancaster, then to York, Pennsylvania, and the British took control of the city without Patriot opposition.
The one-day battle at Brandywine cost the Americans more than 1,100 men killed or captured while the British lost approximately 600 men killed or injured. To make matters worse, the Patriots were also forced to abandon most of their cannon to the British victors after their artillery horses fell in battle.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine
1786 - Annapolis Convention to determine interstate commerce
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1786)
1789 - Alexander Hamilton appointed Secretary of the Treasury. Hamilton, George Washington's former military aide and a renowned financier, was appointed the first Secretary of the Treasury and thus he became the architect of the structure of the Department. Desirous of a strong, centrally controlled Treasury, Hamilton did constant battle with Thomas Jefferson, then Secretary of State, and Albert Gallatin, then a Congressman, over the amount of power the Department of the Treasury should be allowed to wield.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton
1813 - War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march to and invade Washington D.C.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_1812#Course_of_the_war
Naval battle on Lake Champlain. Engraving in 1816 by B. Tanner
1814 - Battle of Lake Champlain, NY; Americans defeat British. The Battle of Lake Champlain, also known as the Battle of Plattsburgh, fought on September 11, 1814, ended the final invasion of the northern states during the War of 1812. Fought just prior to the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, the American victory denied the British any leverage to demand exclusive control over the Great Lakes and any territorial gains against the New England states.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Champlain
1822 - It was announced by the College of Cardinals that henceforth "the printing and publication of works treating of the motion of the earth and the stability of the sun, in accordance with the opinion of modern astronomers, is permitted." When two weeks pope Pius VII ratified the Cardinals' decree, the Catholic Church finally officially accepted the Copernican principle that on 22 Jun 1633 Italian scientist Galileo had been imprisoned for championing. It was not until 1835 that the Vatican removed Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems from its list of banned books. Finally 31 Oct 1992, the Catholic Church admitted that Galileo had been correct.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue_Concerning_the_Two_Chief_World_Systems
1829 - Surrender of the expedition led by Isidro Barradas at Tampico, sent by the Spanish crown in order to retake Mexico, This was the final consummation of Mexican independence.
1841 - The first U.S. patent for collapsible metal tubes was issued to an artist, John Rand (No. 2,252). His purpose was as a "mode of preserving paints, and other fluids, by confining them in close mettalic vessels so constructed as to collapse with slight pressure, and thus force out the paint or fluid confined therein through proper openings for that purpose." The tubes, molded of lead and used to hold oil colours, were provided with caps to keep them airtight. The idea was later reinvented in 1892 for the commercial packaging of tootpaste. The first collapsible polythene tubes were produced in the U.S. for skin-tanning lotion in 1953.
1847 - Stephen Foster performed his "Oh! Susanna" for the very first time. "Oh! Susanna" premieres in a performance at Andrews' Eagle Ice Cream Saloon in Pittsburgh. The song will sweep the nation -- and, within the year, become the unofficial theme of the California gold rush.
1850 - "Swedish Nightingale" Jenny Lind gives first US concert. Swedish soprano Jenny Lind, whose purity of voice and natural singing style earned her the nickname "the Swedish nightingale," made her American debut at the Castle Garden Theatre in New York City on September 11, 1850. The appearance inaugurated a ninety-three-stop American tour which was arranged by showman and entertainment entrepreneur Phineas T. Barnum.
1861 - Cheat Mountain Campaign Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee move into position against a Union stronghold on Cheat Mountain in western Virginia, only to retreat three days later without firing a shot.
The first few months of the war in western Virginia did not go well for the Confederates. The independent-minded inhabitants of the region generally rejected secession, and a movement was under way to separate from Virginia and remain with the Union. Lee said of the area, "Our citizens beyond this point are all on their side." In the summer of 1861, Union forces had defeated the Confederates several times and secured the mountainous region's major east-west transportation routes. Now, Confederate President Jefferson Davis dispatched Lee, his top military advisor, to the field in order to salvage the region. Although he arrived as a consultant to General William Loring, Lee was the ranking officer.
The Union commander in western Virginia, General William Rosecrans, established a long front between the Kanawha and Potomac Rivers, along which the Federals established a stronghold on Cheat Mountain. Lee felt that an offensive against Cheat Mountain was the only way to break the Union front. He realized that the Rebel forces in the area where hardly in shape for such a move. Many were sick, and the weather was particularly rainy.
However, the Confederates found a hidden and unguarded route to the top of Cheat Mountain. On September 11, Colonel Albert Rust, commander of the 3rd Arkansas, led a party up the trail and positioned for an assault. The plan called for a surprise attack by Rust, who would be joined by other Confederate detachments from the valley. But after capturing some Union pickets, Rust was convinced that the Union garrison numbered at least 4,000 with reinforcements on the way. In fact, just 300 Yankees manned the defenses on the mountain.
Discouraged, Rust retreated while the main Confederate column waited in the valley below. On September 14, the Confederates pulled away without firing a shot. The campaign was a fiasco, and it damaged Lee's reputation. Part of the problem at Cheat Mountain was that Lee's role was not well defined, and Loring often dismissed his suggestions. It was an ignominious start to Lee's Civil War career, but his future achievements easily erased any tarnish the Cheat Mountain campaign put on his reputation.
1875 - First comic strip to appear in a newspaper - "Professor Tigwissel’s Burglar Alarm." "Professor Tigwissel's Burglar Alarm," by Livingston Hopkins, appeared in the New York "Daily Graphics" newspaper. 17 successive pictures that filled a full page made up the first comic strip to be published in a newspaper. Hopkins additionally worked for Puck Magazine before joining James Wales at The Judge in 1881. The New York World was the first to feature Sunday comics in 1893
1877 - The first comic-character timepiece was patented by the Waterbury Clock Company. It was another 56 years before the same company produced the first Mickey Mouse watch.
1883 - The first U.S. patent for a mail chute was issued to J.G. Cutler of Rochester, N.Y, former Mayor The device was first used in the Elwood Building in Rochester.
1892 - The Scarritt Bible and Training School in Nashville, TN, was dedicated, primarily as the result of the conception, urging and fund-raising of southern Methodist missions leader and social reformer, Belle Harris Bennett (1852-1922). en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarritt_College_for_Christian_Workers
1893 World Parliament of Religions. When you encounter Buddhists handing out in airport terminals and Eastern mysticism in all shapes within the New Age movement, you have an extraordinary event of the late 19th century to thank (or blame). The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in honor of the 400th year of Columbus' voyage to the New World, was not just a big trade fair. In addition to art exhibitions, and technical, engineering, transportation, architectural and other displays it called together a conference of world religious leaders.
This Parliament of World Religions opened on this day September 11, 1893. Its inspiration lay in the suggestion of a Swedenborgian, Charles C. Bonney. John Henry Barrows, one of Chicago's most liberal clergymen, promoted the event. He claimed later that he had hoped leaders of world religions would be convinced of the superiority of Christianity.
Many Christians such as D. L. Moody refused to participate. Most Protestant evangelicals agreed with the response of the Archbishop of Canterbury that to participate was to presuppose the equality of religions. Salvation is in Christ alone, they protested. Nonetheless, the Roman Catholic Church sent delegates and as did some liberal Protestant denominations. Other representation included a dozen Buddhists, eight Hindus, two Shintoists, a Jain, a Taoist, a couple Muslims, some Confucians, and Zoroastrians.
The Parliament produced just about the results that evangelicals anticipated. The speeches were largely anti-Christian and denounced Christian missions as unchristian. To many people, Christianity began to seem just one among many equal alternatives. Some began to question if Asian faiths were not legitimate alternatives to Christianity. Many decided they were. Great interest was generated in Buddhism and Hinduism.
Swami Vivekananda of the Hindu tradition and Anagarika Dharmapala of the Buddhists toured the United States. The outcome was a Vedanta Society and a Buddhist society. D. T. Suzuki, a Buddhist, was dispatched to the United States by another attendee of the conference where he translated works into English and established a Zen presence, including America's first Zen monasteries. Many other Eastern gurus, seeing ripe fields, have since set up shop in the United States and Americans have increasingly turned from traditional Christianity to homemade cults, many of which include motifs from Eastern religions.
As a consequence of this new exposure, Americans became more devoted to the idea of religious pluralism. And since the Columbian Exposition, Eastern religions and their symbols have increasingly infiltrated American thought. This, of course, presents a foundational challenge to the basic Judeo-Christian heritage of America with implications for the future identity and destiny of the nation.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630638/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Parliament_of_Religions
F. O. Stanley and his wife Flora drove to the top of Mount Washington to generate publicity for their firm.
1900 - A motor vehicle patent was granted to Francis and Freelan Stanley. Twins Francis Edgar Stanley (1849-1918) and Freelan O. Stanley (1849-1940) founded the company after selling their photographic dry plate business to Eastman Kodak. They produced their first car in 1897. They sold the rights to this design to Locomobile. Early Stanley/Locomobile cars had light wooden bodies mounted on unsprung tubular steel frames by means of full-elliptic springs. Steam was generated in a vertical fire-tube boiler, mounted beneath the seat, with a vaporizing petroleum (later, kerosene) burner underneath. In 1906, the Stanley Rocket set the world land speed record at 127.7 mph (205.5 km/h) at the Daytona Beach Road Course, driven by Fred Marriott, picking up the Dewar Trophy in the process.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomobile
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Motor_Carriage_Company
1906 - Mahatma Gandhi coins the term "Satyagraha" to characterize the Non-Violence movement in South Africa.
1908 - Orville Wright established a new flight record of 70 min. aloft.
1919 - U.S. Marines invade Honduras.
1921 - Nahalal, the first moshav in Palestine, is settled as part of a Zionist plan to colonize Palestine and creating a Jewish state, later to be Israel.
1922 - The British Mandate of Palestine begins.
1923 - The dirigible ZR-1 flies over NY's tallest skyscraper, the Woolworth Tower. USS Shenandoah, a 2,115,000 cubic foot rigid airship, was fabricated at the Naval Aircraft Factory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and assembled at Naval Air Station Lakehurst, New Jersey. She first flew in early September 1923 and was placed in commission slightly over a month later. During the final four months of 1923 and the first weeks of 1924 Shenandoah made several flights around the eastern United States, giving the American people their first view of a U.S. owned rigid airship.
1925 - The Royal tomb of the Indian Mound Builders was unearthed in Chillicothe, Ohio.
1926 - Aloha Tower dedicated in Honolulu
1928 - General Electric made the first simulcast in Schenectady, New York, broadcasting a play over radio and TV at same time, The Queen's Messenger.
1930 - Stromboli volcano (Sicily) throws 2-ton basaltic rocks 2 miles. In 1930, during the largest eruption of Stromboli of the 20th century, three people were killed by pyroclastic flows. A fourth was scalded to death in the sea near the point the flows entered the ocean. The amount of ash erupted in the explosive eruptions in 1930 was equivalent to that produced during five years of normal, quiet activity.
1931 - Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Charles Luciano's hitmen.
1933 Gerhard Jacobi, pastor of William I Memorial Church, Berlin, gathered ca. 60 opposing pastors, who clearly saw the breach of Christian and Protestant principles. Eugen Weschke and Günter Jacob proposed to found the Pfarrernotbund, and so they did, electing Pastor Martin Niemöller their president. On the basis of the theses of Günter Jacob its members concluded that a schism was a matter of fact, a new Protestant church was to be established, since the official destroyed churches were anti-Christian, heretical and therefore illegitimate. Each pastor joining the Covenant - until the end of September 1933 2,036 out of a total of 18,842 Protestant pastors in Germany acceded - had to sign that he rejected the Aryan paragraph.
In 1934 the Covenant counted 7,036 members, after 1935 the number sank to 4,952, among them 374 retired pastors, 529 auxiliary preachers and 116 candidates of ministry.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfarrernotbund#Gathering_the_opposition_in_the_Emergency_Covenant_of_Pastors
1936 - FDR dedicates Boulder Dam, now known as Hoover Dam
1936 - A's pitcher Horace Lisenbee gives up 26 hits in a game.
1941 - Ground is broken for the construction of The Pentagon.
1941 - Charles Lindbergh, charges "the British, the Jewish & the Roosevelt administration" are trying to get the US into WW II
1941 - FDR orders any Axis ship found in American waters be shot on sight
1943 - World War II: German troops occupy Corsica and Kosovo-Metohija.
1943 - World War II: Start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis.
1944 - World War II: The first Allied troops of the U.S. Army cross the western border of Germany.
1944 - World War II: RAF bombing raid on Darmstadt and the following firestorm kill 11,500.
1944 - FDR & Churchill meet in Canada at the 2nd Quebec Conference
1945 - World War II: Liberation of the Japanese-run POW and civilian internment camp at Batu Lintang, Kuching, Sarawak on the island of Borneo by Australian 9th Division forces. Over 2,000 prisoners, including women and children, were due to be executed on September 15.
1945 - Ernest Tubb recorded "It Just Doesn’t Matter Now" and "Love Turns to Hate"
1946 - The first mobile long-distance car-to-car telephone conversation took place between Houston, Texas and St. Louis, Missouri.
1947 - Radioactive isotopes produced from phosphorus-31, arrived at Canberra, Australia, being the first export of radioisotopes from the U.S. They were to be used in Australia's X-ray and medical laboratory. Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tenn., produced the isotopes as a by-product of the chain reaction in a uranium pile. They travelled by airplane via San Francisco, California.
1949 - An early snowstorm brought 7.5 inches to Helena MT. In Maine, a storm drenched New Brunswick with 8.05 inches of rain in 24 hours, a state record. (The Weather Channel)
1950 - 33 die in a train crash in Coshocton Ohio
1950 - A U.S.-made typesetter that no longer was based on making metal type was first put public display at the Sixth Educational Graphic Arts Exposition, in Chicago, Illinois. It was the Intertype Fotosetter Photogtaphic Line Composing Machine, manufactured by the Intertype Corp. of Brooklyn, N.Y. The first installation had been made at the plant of Stecher-Traung Lithograph Corporation in 1949.
1950 - Dick Tracy TV show sparks uproar concerning violence. Ralph Byrd, who had played the square-jawed sleuth in all four Republic movie serials, and in two of the RKO feature length films, reprised his role in a short-lived live-action Dick Tracy series that ran on ABC from 1950 to 1951.
1951 - Florence Chadwick becomes first woman to swim the English Channel from England to France. On September 11, 1951, Chadwick finally decided to swim, despite dense fog and strong headwinds. Because of challenging winds and tides, this route across the Channel from Dover, England to Sangatte, France was considered more difficult than the France-to-England route. Previous swimmers had avoided it, and no woman had ever completed it. While swimming, Chadwick had to take anti-seasickness medication, but managed to finish in record time-16 hours and 22 minutes. The mayor of Sangat te waited to congratulate her as she emerged from the water.
1952 - West German Chancellor Adenauer signs a reparation pact for Jews
1952 - The first artificial aortic valve was successfull fitted in the heart of a 30-yr-old patient. It was made by Dr. Charles A. Hufnagel of the Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C. The valve was made of Flexiglas and contained a 3/4" diam. float that rose and slipped into one of three sockets in the side of the valve sleeve on the heart's upbeat, when blood was forced into the aorta.
1954 - First Miss America TV broadcast. In 1954, during the Golden Era of television, the Miss America Pageant was broadcast live by ABC for the very first time. That broadcast broke viewership records of the day with 39 percent of the television audience (27 million viewers) viewing the Miss America telecast. Evelyn Ay from Ephrata, PA won the title.
1954 - "Sh-Boom" by the Crew-Cuts topped the charts
Their first cover, "Sh-Boom" (of which the R&B original was recorded by The Chords) hit #1 on the charts in 1954. Interestingly, many of the non-cover songs of theirs that became hits in Canada were unknown in the United States of America, while it was only their covers that had great success in the USA.
1955 - The First Southern Baptist church to be established in Nebraska was organized at Lincoln, with 34 charter members. Founded by Southern Baptist U.S. Air Force personnel who had been stationed in Lincoln, the congregation first met for worship on Easter Sunday of this year.
1956 - Cincinnati Red Frank Robinson ties rookie record with his 38th HR
1956 - People to People International is founded by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
1960 - The 17th Olympic games close in Rome
1960 - The Young Americans for Freedom, meeting at home of William F. Buckley, Jr., promulgate the Sharon Statement.
“ WE, as young conservatives believe:
"THAT foremost among the transcendent values is the individual's use of his God-given free will, whence derives his right to be free from the restrictions of arbitrary force;
"THAT liberty is indivisible, and that political freedom cannot long exist without economic freedom;
"THAT the purpose of government is to protect those freedoms through the preservation of internal order, the provision of national defense, and the administration of justice;
"THAT when government ventures beyond these rightful functions, it accumulates power, which tends to diminish order and liberty;
"THAT the Constitution of the United States is the best arrangement yet devised for empowering government to fulfill its proper role, while restraining it from the concentration and abuse of power;
"THAT the genius of the Constitution - the division of powers - is summed up in the clause that reserves primacy to the several states, or to the people in those spheres not specifically delegated to the Federal government;
"THAT the market economy, allocating resources by the free play of supply and demand, is the single economic system compatible with the requirements of personal freedom and constitutional government, and that it is at the same time the most productive supplier of human needs;
"THAT when government interferes with the work of the market economy, it tends to reduce the moral and physical strength of the nation, that when it takes from one to bestow on another, it diminishes the incentive of the first, the integrity of the second, and the moral autonomy of both;
"THAT we will be free only so long as the national sovereignty of the United States is secure; that history shows periods of freedom are rare, and can exist only when free citizens concertedly defend their rights against all enemies…
"THAT the forces of international Communism are, at present, the greatest single threat to these liberties;
"THAT the United States should stress victory over, rather than coexistence with this menace; and
"THAT American foreign policy must be judged by this criterion: does it serve the just interests of the United States?"
1961 - Foundation of the World Wildlife Fund.
1961 - Hurricane Carla strikes the Texas coast as a Category 4 hurricane, the second strongest storm ever to hit the state.
1961 - Very large and slow moving Hurricane Carla made landfall near Port Lavaca TX. Carla battered the central Texas coast with wind gusts to 175 mph, and up to 16 inches of rain, and spawned a vicious tornado which swept across Galveston Island killing eight persons. The hurricane claimed 45 lives, and caused 300 million dollars damage. The remnants of Carla produced heavy rain in the Lower Missouri Valley and southern sections of the Upper Great Lakes Region. (David Ludlum) (Storm Data)
1962 - American Trappist monk Thomas Merton wrote in a letter: 'We have not tasted the things given to us in Christ. Instead, we have built around ourselves walls and cells, and buried ourselves in dust and documents, and now we wonder why we cannot see God, or leap to do his will.'
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Merton
1962 - Beatles cut "Love Me Do" & "PS I Love You" "Love Me Do" was the Beatles first single. Ringo Starr joined John, Paul and George and Andy to record "Love Me Do" at Abbey Road, London, England. "Who's Andy?" you ask. Andy White, that's who, recruited as drummer for this session. "Then, what did Ringo do?" you ask. He handled the tambourine, that's what. It was released in England by Parlophone Records, but it took a while before they could get a record company to distribute it in America. The Beatles wanted Capitol Records to release it in the US, but they refused, figuring it would flop. It went to Tollie Records, who released it in America during Beatlemania, about a year after it was released in England. "PS I Love You" was written by Paul McCartney in Hamburg, Germany while The Beatles were the house band at The Star Club. They spent much of 1962 there improving their skills with constant live performances.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatles
1964 - The last of the "Friday Night Fights" was seen on free, home TV
Shoulder sleeve insignia
1965 - The 1st Cavalry Division of the United States Army arrives in Vietnam.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_States)#Vietnam_.281st_Air_Cav.29
1965 - Beatles' "Help!," album goes #1 & stays #1 for 9 weeks.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help!_(song)
1967 "The Carol Burnett Show" premiered on CBS. The popular variety show made the stars household names with such hilarious sketches as "As the Stomach Turns", "Went with the Wind" (a parody of Gone with the Wind featuring a memorable scene with Burnett as Scarlett O'Hara in the dress made from a window curtain, complete with rod), "Carol & Sis", "Mrs. Wiggins", "The Family" (which would become Mama's Family), "Nora Desmond" (Burnett's send-up of Gloria Swanson's character in Sunset Boulevard), and "Stella Toddler." With such famous guest stars as Lucille Ball, Shirley MacLaine, Lily Tomlin, Liza Minelli, Sonny and Cher, Vincent Price, Dinah Shore, the Jackson 5, Gloria Swanson herself, and many more (see below) appearing weekly to bring entertainment into the living rooms of Americans all over the country, the long-running show was nominated for many Emmys and won quite a few.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Carol_Burnett_Show
1967 - US Surveyor 5 makes first chemical analysis of lunar material. Surveyor 5 performed it flawlessly and landed softly. Once safely on the Moon, the spacecraft functioned well, outperforming the previous missions. During its first lunar day, 18,006 television images of exceptional quality and high scientific content were returned to Earth. On October 15, 1967, after having spent two weeks in the deep freeze of a lunar night, Surveyor 5 responded immediately to the first turn-on command and resumed operation, returning 1048 additional pictures and 22 hours of additional data.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveyor_5
1970 - 88 of the hostages from the Dawson's Field hijackings are released. The remaining hostages, mostly Jews and Israeli citizens, are held until September 25.
1971 - "Go Away Little Girl" by Donny Osmond topped the charts
1972 - Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) in San Francisco, California begins regular service.
1974 - Eastern Air Lines Flight 212 crashes in Charlotte, North Carolina, killing 69 passengers and two crew.
1976 - Evonne Goolagong loses her 4th straight US Open Final (Evert wins)
1976 - Up to five inches of rain brought walls of water and millions of tons of debris into Bullhead City AZ via washes from elevations above 3000 feet. Flooding caused more than three million dollars damage. Chasms up to forty feet deep were cut across some roads. (The Weather Channel)
1977 - Guillermo Vilas beats Jimmy O'Connors wins US Open
1978 - U.S. President Jimmy Carter, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt, and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel meet at Camp David and agree on the Camp David Accords a framework for peace between Israel and Egypt and a comprehensive peace in the Middle East.
1982 - Chris Evert 6th US Open title defeats Hana Mandlikava
1985 - The International Cometary Explorer (ICE) flew relatively unscathed through the gas tail of comet P/Giacobini-Zinner, at a speed of 21 km/sec at its closed approach of some 7,800-km downstream from the nucleus. The spaceraft found a region of interacting cometary and solar wind ions, and encountered a comet plasma tail about 25,000 km wide. Water and carbon monoxide ions were also identified, which confirmed the "dirty snowball" theory. It had been launched on 12 Aug 1978, originally named ISEE-3 (International Sun-Earth Explorer), then renamed ICE when, after completing its original mission in 1982, it was gravitationally manuvuered to intercept the comet.
1985 - Pete Rose gets career hit 4,192 eclipsing Ty Cobb's record
1986 - Thunderstorms caused flash flooding and subsequent river flooding in central Lower Michigan. Up to 14 inches of rain fell in a 72 hour period, and flooding caused 400 million dollars damage. (Storm Data)
1986 - Dow Jones Industrial Avg suffered biggest 1-day decline ever, plummeting 86.61 points to 1,792.89. 237.57 million shares traded
1987 - CBS went black for six minutes after anchorman Dan Rather walked off the set of "The CBS Evening News" because a tennis tournament being carried by the network ran overtime
1987 - Late afternoon and evening thunderstorms produced large hail and damaging winds in Texas, and spawned three tornadoes. Thunderstorm winds gusted to 70 mph at Goodnight TX. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1988 - Snow blanketed parts of the Central Rocky Mountain Region and the Central Plateau, with ten inches reported at Mount Evans in Colorado. Smoke from forest fires in the northwestern U.S. reached Pennsylvania and New York State. Hurricane Gilbert, moving westward over the Carribean, was packing winds of 100 mph by the end of the day. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1989 Drexel formally pleads guilty to security fraud
1989 - The iron curtain opens between the communist Hungary and Austria. From Hungary thousands of East Germans throng to Austria and West Germany.
1989 - Nine cities in the north central U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date, including Havre MT with a reading of 23 degrees. Livingston MT and West Yellowstone MT tied for honors as the cold spot in the nation with morning lows of 17 degrees. Thunderstorms produced hail over the Sierra Nevada Range of California, with two inches reported on the ground near Donner Summit. The hail made roads very slick, resulting in a twenty car accident. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
1991 - 14 die in a Continental Express commuter plane crash near Houston
1992 - Hurricane Iniki, one of the most damaging hurricanes in United States history, devastates Hawaii, especially the islands of Kauai and Oahu
1996 - The Southern Pacific Railroad is absorbed into the Union Pacific Railroad system.
1997 - The Mars Global Surveyor, launched in Nov 1996, went into an elliptical orbit around Mars. To drop into a lower orbit the original mission plan was to use a braking effect by dipping into the upper Martian atmosphere. The lower orbit was a better position for mapping purposes. However, the aerobraking method originally planned was suspended for several weeks to give engineers time to develop more gentle manoeuvers to protect the craft when a solar array failed to deploy correctly, and was flexing excessively. It was to spend two years mapping the surface of Mars.
1999 - The death of an 83-year-old man stung by a swarm of Africanized "killer" bees marked the first fatality by that cause in the state of California (USA). The victim, Virgil Foster, was a bee-keeper, who was mowing his lawn in Los Angeles County on 31 Aug 1999 when he was stung at least 50 times by the highly aggressive bees. He was not breathing when paramedics arrived, and then went into cardiac arrest. For two weeks he had been kept alive on a respirator. Foster's three hives had been taken over by wild Africanized honeybees. There had been several prior deaths from bee attacks in other U.S. states as the killer bees continued migrating north, originally from Brazil.
2001 - Attack on America At 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashes into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767--United Airlines Flight 175--appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center, and sliced into the south tower at about the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack.
The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War, and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the U.S. in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation. The 19 terrorists easily smuggled box-cutters and knives through security at three East Coast airports and boarded four flights bound for California, chosen because the planes were loaded with fuel for the long transcontinental journey. Soon after takeoff, the terrorists commandeered the four planes and took the controls, transforming the ordinary commuter jets into guided missiles.
As millions watched in horror the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington and slammed into the west side of the Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to a structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building. All told, 125 military personnel and civilians were killed in the Pentagon along with all 64 people aboard the airliner.
Less than 15 minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke. The structural steel of the skyscraper, built to withstand winds in excess of 200 mph and a large conventional fire, could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to 3,000 people died in the World Trade Center and its vicinity, including a staggering 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers, and 37 Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors. Only six people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of their collapse survived. Almost 10,000 other people were treated for injuries, many severe.
Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane--United Flight 93--was hijacked about 40 minutes after leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone and Airfone calls to the ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned an insurrection. One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett, Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know we're all going to die. There's three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger--Todd Beamer--was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line. Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband and explained that she had slipped into a galley and was filling pitchers with boiling water. Her last words to him were "Everyone's running to first class. I've got to go. Bye."
The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground at upwards of 500 miles per hour, crashing in a rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All 45 people aboard were killed. Its intended target is not known, but theories include the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland, or one of several nuclear power plants along the eastern seaboard.
At 7 p.m., President George W. Bush, who had spent the day being shuttled around the country because of security concerns, returned to the White House. At 9 p.m., he delivered a televised address from the Oval Office, declaring "Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve." In a reference to the eventual U.S. military response he declared: "We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them."
Operation Enduring Freedom, the U.S.-led international effort to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden's terrorist network based there, began on October 7. Although the Taliban is no longer in power, fighting in Afghanistan continues, and Osama bin Laden is still at large.
2001 - President Bush learns of attack on World Trade Center On the morning of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush is en route to a visit with schoolchildren in Florida when he receives word that a passenger jet had just crashed into one of the World Trade Center towers in New York City. Within an hour of this first report, President Bush was reading along with children in a classroom when he was informed that a second airliner had crashed into a second tower.
Earlier that morning, President Bush had received a scheduled security briefing and learned that there was a heightened but non-specific threat of a terrorist attack that day. Warned but undeterred, he continued with a pre-arranged trip to visit Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, to promote a new education bill. On the way from his hotel to the school, aides passed word to the President’s car in the motorcade that a passenger jet had crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 am EST. President Bush initially thought, as he later told a reporter, that the crash was the result of a terrible accident or pilot error. President Bush arrived at the school shortly after the initial report and was waiting in an empty classroom at Booker Elementary with his Secret Service detail when the earliest news footage of the first plane crashing into the tower played on the school’s television screens. Just moments before the second plane hit, President Bush was whisked into the classroom where he proceeded to meet with a group of first graders.
Video cameras were filmingPresident Bush’s school visit when White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card slipped into the room at 9:06 a.m. and whispered in the President’s ear that the World Trade Center had been hit by a second airplane and that the nation was under attack by an unknown entity. President Bush appeared momentarily stricken, yet maintained his composure and continued to listen to the children read aloud for an additional eight to nine minutes. President Bush explained in a White House press conference a week later that his reaction that fateful morning was one of slowly comprehending shock: "I’m sitting in the midst of a classroom with little kids, listening to a children’s story and I realize I’m the Commander in Chief and the country has just come under attack." At the end of the story, President Bush commended the children on their reading skills and encouraged them to continue to read more and to watch less television. He then posed for photos with the children, their teacher and school administrators. Under bright lights, while cameras clicked and whirred, a reporter could be heard asking the president if he was aware of the attacks. Not wishing to frighten the children, President Bush replied tersely, "I’ll talk about it later."
After the photo opportunity, President Bush was escorted into an empty classroom, where he watched updated news reports of the attacks and consulted with Vice President Dick Cheney and New York Governor George Pataki by phone. Still on the school grounds at 9:29 a.m., President Bush made his first of several live announcements that day regarding the unfolding tragedy. Secret Service agents then rushed President Bush to Air Force One, which was waiting on the tarmac at Sarasota’s airport. On his way to the airport, President Bush heard about a third attack, this time on the Pentagon in Washington, D.C.
Once aboard Air Force One, the plane’s pilot flew in circles at cruising altitude while President Bush and Vice President Cheney discussed via phone where the president would be safest. The presidential plane stopped briefly at an air base in Louisiana before proceeding to Offutt Air Force Base in Nebraska. President Bush did not remain away from the capital for long: by 6:42 p.m., he was back in Washington.
2001 - World leaders expressed outrage at terrorist attacks in NYC and the Pentagon and pledged solidarity with the US. In the West Bank town of Nablus, some 3,000 people celebrated the attacks and chanted "God is great."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,_2001_Terrorist_Attack/Celebrations
2007 - Russia tests the largest conventional weapon ever, the Father of all bombs.
Emergency Number Day, proclaimed by President Reagan on August 26 in 1987. (United States communities, particularly the local emergency services)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-1-1_Emergency_Telephone_Number_Day
Patriot Day (United States)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Day
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/attack-on-america
www.amug.org/~jpaul/sep11.html
www.todayinsci.com/9/9_11.htm
www.weatherforyou.com/cgi-bin/weather_history/today2S.pl
www.christianity.com/HistoryByDay/0911/