Post by farmgal on Jul 24, 2012 3:56:06 GMT -5
July 24 is the 206th day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 160 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 106
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1148 Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
1216 Cencio Savelli was consecrated Pope Honorius III. During his 11-year pontificate, he confirmed two well-known religious orders: the Dominicans in 1216 and the Franciscans in 1223.
1411 Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place.
1487 Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands strike against ban on foreign beer.
1534 French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France.
1550 French-born Swiss reformer John Calvin wrote in a letter: 'If you make a constant study of the word of the Lord, you will be quite able to guide your life to the highest excellence.'
1567 Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI.
1701 Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founds the trading post at Fort Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit, Michigan.
1814 War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward the Niagara River to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
1823 Slavery is abolished in Chile.
1832 Bonneville leads first wagon crossing of South Pass. Benjamin Bonneville, an inept fur trader who some speculate may have actually been a spy, leads the first wagon train to cross the Rocky Mountains at Wyoming's South Pass.
The motivations for Bonneville's western expeditions have always remained somewhat mysterious. A native of France, Bonneville came to the United States in 1803 at the age of seven. He later graduated from West Point, and he served at frontier posts in Arkansas, Texas, and Indian Territory. According to one view, Bonneville simply observed the rapid growth of the western fur trade at these posts and conceived a bold plan to mount his own fur trading expedition. However, others suggest Bonneville's true goal for the expedition may have been to serve as a Far Western spy for the U.S. government.
The circumstances of Bonneville's entry into the fur business were indeed somewhat odd. Despite his complete lack of experience as a mountain man, a group of Manhattan businessmen agreed to back his expedition with ample funds. It was also strange that a career military man should ask for, and quickly receive, a two-year leave of absence from the army to pursue a strictly commercial adventure.
Bonneville began his expedition in May 1832, and that summer he and his men built an imposing trading post along Wyoming's Green River. Bonneville proved to be an incompetent fur trader, yet he seemed unconcerned about making a profit. By contrast, he seemed very interested in exploring the vast territory.
Shortly after arriving in Wyoming, he mounted an expedition to the Columbia River country of Oregon, although he was well aware that the powerful British-owned Hudson's Bay Company dominated the region. On this day in 1832, Bonneville led 110 men and 20 wagons across South Pass, the first-ever wagon crossing of that critical route connecting the existing United States to the northwest region of the continent. During the next two decades, thousands of American settlers would take their wagons across South Pass as they followed the Oregon Trail.
In 1835, Bonneville returned to Washington, where President Andrew Jackson personally oversaw his reinstatement as a captain in the army. Some historians speculate that Bonneville might have actually been a spy for a U.S. government, which was eager to collect information on the British strength in the Northwest. No historical records have ever been found to substantiate this speculation, though, and it is possible that Bonneville was simply an inept fur trader whose dreams exceeded his grasp.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bonneville-leads-first-wagon-crossing-of-south-pass
1847 After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City. Celebrations of this event include the Pioneer Day Utah state holiday and the Days of '47 Parade.
1864 American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown – Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep them out of the Shenandoah Valley.
1866 Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
1901 O. Henry is released from prison in Austin, Texas after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
1911 Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu, "the Lost City of the Incas".
1915 The passenger ship S.S. Eastland capsizes while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. On this day in 1915, the steamer Eastland overturns in the Chicago River, drowning between 800 and 850 of its passengers who were heading to a picnic. The disaster was caused by serious problems with the boat's design, which were known but never remedied.
The Eastland was owned by the St. Joseph-Chicago Steamship Company and made money ferrying people from Chicago to picnic sites on the shores of Lake Michigan. When the Eastland was launched in 1903, it was designed to carry 650 passengers, but major construction and retrofitting in 1913 supposedly allowed the boat to carry 2,500 people. That same year, a naval architect presciently told officials that the boat needed work, stating unless structural defects are remedied to prevent listing, there may be a serious accident.
On July 24, employees of Western Electric Company were heading to an annual picnic. About 7,300 people arrived at 6 a.m. at the dock between LaSalle and Clark streets to be carried out to the site by five steamers. While bands played, much of the crowd—perhaps even more than the 2,500 people allowed—boarded the Eastland. Some reports indicate that the crowd may also have all gathered on one side of the boat to pose for a photographer, thus creating an imbalance on the boat. In any case, engineer Joseph Erikson opened one of the ballast tanks, which holds water within the boat and stabilizes the ship, and the Eastland began tipping precariously.
Some claim that the crew of the boat jumped back to the dock when they realized what was happening. What is known for sure is that the Eastland capsized right next to the dock, trapping hundreds of people on or underneath the large ship. Rescuers quickly attempted to cut through the hull with torches, allowing them to pull out 40 people alive. More than 800 others perished. Police divers pulled up body after body, causing one diver to break down in a rage. The city sent workers out with a large net to prevent bodies from washing out into the lake. Twenty-two entire families died in the tragedy.
Most of the corpses were taken to the Second Regiment Armory, which is now home to Harpo Studios and The Oprah Winfrey Show. Some of the show's employees have claimed that the studio is haunted by ghosts of the Eastland disaster.
The Eastland was pulled up from the river, renamed the Willimette and converted into a naval vessel. It was turned into scrap following World War II. All lawsuits against the owners of the Eastland were thrown out by a court of appeals and the exact cause of the tipping and subsequent disaster has never been determined.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hundreds-drown-in-eastland-disaster
1918 On Mt. Scopus in Jerusalem, the cornerstone for Hebrew University was laid by Dr.Chaim Weizmann. (Weizmann was later elected first president of the modern state of Israel.)
1922 The draft of the British Mandate of Palestine was formally confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations; it came into effect on 26 September 1923.
1923 The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.
1929 The Kellogg–Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it is first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers).
1931 A fire at a home for the elderly in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania kills 48 people.
1935 The world's first children's railway opens in Tbilisi, Soviet Union.
1935 The Dust Bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109°F (43°C) in Chicago, Illinois and 104°F (40°C) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
1937 Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called "Scottsboro Boys".
1943 World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
1950 Cape Canaveral Air Force Station begins operations with the launch of a Bumper rocket.
1959 At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev have a "Kitchen Debate".
1966 Michael Pelkey makes the first BASE jump from El Capitan along with Brian Schubert. Both came out with broken bones. BASE jumping has now been banned from El Cap.
1967 During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! ("Long live free Quebec!"). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delighted many Quebecers but angered the Canadian government and many English Canadians.
1969 Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
1972 Bugojno group is caught by Yugoslav security forces.
1974 – Watergate scandal: the United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
1977 End of a four day long Libyan–Egyptian War.
1980 The Quietly Confident Quartet of Australia wins the Men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay at the Moscow Olympics, the only time the United States has not won the event at Olympic level.
1982 Heavy rain causes a mudslide that destroys a bridge at Nagasaki, Japan, killing 299.
1983 George Brett batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident".
1990 Iraqi forces start massing on the Kuwait-Iraq border.
1998 Russell Eugene Weston, Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
2001 Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, becoming the first monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
2001 Bandaranaike Airport attack is carried out by 14 Tamil Tiger commandos, all died in this attack. They destroyed 11 Aircraft (mostly military) and damaged 15, there are no civilian casualties. This incident slowed down Sri Lankan economy.
2002 Democrat James Traficant is expelled from the United States House of Representatives on a vote of 420 to 1.
2005 Lance Armstrong wins his seventh consecutive Tour de France.
2009 The MV Arctic Sea, reportedly carrying a cargo of timber, is allegedly hijacked in the North Sea by pirates, but much speculation remains as to the actual cargo and events.
1725 John Newton, English slave ship's captain. He was converted at age 22, and entered the Anglican ministry. Newton is remembered today as author of several enduring hymns, including 'Amazing Grace' and 'Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken.'
(d. 1807)
1819 Josiah G. Holland, American writer who in 1874 authored the Christmas hymn, 'There's a Song in the Air.'
1821 William Poole, American racketeer and politician (d. 1855)
1853 William Gillette, American actor and author (d. 1937)
1860 Princess Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1919)
1874 Oswald Chambers (d 1916) Born in Scotland on this day, Oswald Chambers grew up there. He is most famous for his book My Utmost for His Highest" but strictly speaking he did not write it. His wife prepared it from shorthand notes she had made of his sermons. He died at age 42 serving as a chaplain.
1880 Ernest Bloch, Swiss-born American composer (d. 1959)
1895 Robert Graves, English author (d. 1985)
1897 Amelia Earhart, American aviatrix (d. 1937)
1899 Chief Dan George, Canadian actor (d. 1981)
1900 Zelda Fitzgerald, American artist (d. 1948)
1904 Leo Arnaud, French-American composer (d. 1991)
1904 Richard B. Morris, American constitutional historian (d. 1989)
1908 Cootie Williams, American trumpeter (d. 1985)
1910 Harry Horner, American art director (d. 1994)
1913 Britton Chance, American molecular biologist and yachtsman (d. 2010)
1916 John D. MacDonald, American novelist, (d. 1986)
1916 Bob Eberly, singer with the Jimmy Dorsey Band and Helen O'Connell, (d. 1981)
1918 Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist
1920 Bella Abzug, American politician (d. 1998)
1920 Constance Dowling, American actress (d. 1969)
1930 Alfred Balk, American magazine editor and journalist (d. 2010)
1933 Doug Sanders, American golfer
1933 John Aniston, American actor
1934 Sante Kimes, American convicted con artist and murderer
1936 Ruth Buzzi, American actress and comedian
1936 Mark Goddard, American actor
1936 Dan Inosanto, Filipino-American martial artist
1938 Eugene J. Martin, American painter and artist
1939 Walt Bellamy, American baseketball player
1940 Stanley Hauerwas, American theologian
1940 Dan Hedaya, American actor
1942 Chris Sarandon, American actor
1945 Linda Harrison (actress), Actress
1946 Gallagher, American comedian
1947 Robert Hays, American actor
1947 Peter Serkin, American pianist
1949 Michael Richards, American comedian
1950 Arliss Ryan, American author
1951 Lynda Carter, American actress
1952 Gus Van Sant, American film director
1953 Claire McCaskill, American politician
1953 Jon Faddis, American jazz trumpet player and composer
1956 Charlie Crist, American politician
1956 Pat Finn, American game show host and producer
1957 Pam Tillis, American singer
1958 Joe Barry Carroll, American basketball player
1962 Johnny O'Connell, American race car driver
1963 Paul Geary, American musician
1963 Julie Krone, American jockey
1963 Karl Malone, American basketball player
1964 Barry Bonds, American baseball player
1964 John Rosengren, American writer and author
1965 Kadeem Hardison, American actor
1965 Doug Liman, American film director
1968 Kristin Chenoweth, American singer and actress
1968 Colleen Doran, American comic book writer and artist
1968 Laura Leighton, American actress
1969 Jennifer Lopez, American actress and singer
1970 Stephanie Adams, Model and author
1972 Jen Miller, American performance artist
1975 Jamie Langenbrunner, American ice hockey player
1975 Eric Szmanda, American actor
1975 Torrie Wilson, American wrestler
1976 Rafer Alston, American basketball player
1976 Nate Bump, American baseball player
1978 Andy Irons, American professional surfer (d. 2010)
1979 Stat Quo, American rapper
1979 José Valverde, American baseball player
1981 Summer Glau, American actress
1985 Eric Wright, American football player
1987 Mara Wilson, American actress
1987 Nathan Gerbe, American hockey player
1990 Daveigh Chase, American actress
1998 Bindi Irwin, Australian entertainer and daughter of Steve Irwin.
1240 Konrad von Thüringen, fifth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
1594 John Boste, Catholic saint and martyr (b. 1544)
1862 Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States (b. 1782)
1921 Cyrus Ingerson Scofield "Why aren't you a Christian?" Christian businessman and YMCA worker Thomas McPheeters put the question bluntly to Cyrus Ingerson Scofield.
It was a question C. I. Scofield needed to hear. He was miserable. His wife had divorced him. He was an alcoholic. The courts saw a lot of him--and not just because he was a lawyer. He was answering charges against himself. He had even been forced to resign as district attorney in Kansas because of accusations of political corruption.
Now as he spoke with McPheeters, he realized that his life was out of control. He needed a life-changing principle. Cyrus asked Christ into his life that day and from that point it took a radical change.
Before all was done, Cyrus became a friend of the famous evangelists D. L. Moody and Robert A. Torrey. He pastored a large Dallas church, founded a mission to evangelize South America, prepared a Bible study correspondence course and compiled the Scofield Reference Bible.
His reference Bible was a major achievement for a man who lacked formal theological training. Cyrus set out to help others learn the things that would have most helped him when he first set out to understand God's word. He linked references from passage to passage in the King James Version, following the development of a thought. He appreciated the dispensationalist views of the John Nelson Darby (a leader of the Plymouth Brethren) and worked them into his notes. Dispensationalism teaches that in different ages God has had different arrangements for his dealings with mankind and parts of the Bible are not in force today.
The Scofield Bible was printed in 1909 and had an immediate impact on what the average Christian believes. Due in large part to Scofield, vast numbers of Christians now hold the view that Christ will return for Christians before the Great Tribulation, a teaching not held by any significant segment of the church before the mid-1800s.
At a time when the Bible was under attack from liberal scholars, Cyrus' defense of major doctrines stirred renewed interest in upholding the Bible. His Bible provided many useful summaries. For example, he taught that there are five judgments mentioned in scripture: the judgment of sin on the cross; the judgment of sinning believers through Christ's discipline; the judgment of the works of Christians; the judgment on the nations when Christ returns; and the judgment of all the remaining dead before the Great white throne at the end of time.
Cyrus died on the morning of this day on a Sunday at Douglaston, Long Island.
Millions have owned his Bibles since then. Some hold his notes almost on a par with inspiration. Others seriously challenge his work as misleading, especially in its dispensationalism. However, his sermons on Christ are full of beauty and show that he had looked long at the Master.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630726/
1965 Constance Bennett, American actress (b. 1904)
1966 Tony Lema, American golfer (b. 1934)
1980 Peter Sellers, English comedian and actor (b. 1925)
1985 Father Ezechiele Ramin MCCJ, Italian missionary and martyr (b. 1953)
1986 Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1899)
1991 Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish author, Nobel laureate (b. 1904)
1995 Marjorie Cameron, American writer, painter (b. 1922)
1997 William J. Brennan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1906)
2007 Albert Ellis, American psychologist (b. 1913)
2007 Chaney Kley, American actor (b. 1972)
2008 Norman Dello Joio, American composer (b. 1913)
2009 E. Lynn Harris, American author (b. 1955)
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day:
Charbel
Christina the Astonishing
Christina of Bolsena
Declán of Ardmore
Kinga of Poland
July 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyr Christina of Tyre (300)
Holy martyr and passion-bearers Boris and Gleb (1015)
Saint Polycarp of Kiev Caves, archimandrite (1182)
Martyr Athanasius of Chios (1660)
Martyr Theophilus of Zakynthos (1603)
Martyr Hermogenes
Saint Pachomius on the Lake in Vologda, abbot
Martyrs Capito and Hymenaeus
Saint Bernulphus, Bishop of Utrecht
Other commemorations
Repose of blessed Tikhon of Turukhan on the Enisei River in Siberia (1682)
Pioneer Day (Utah) and its related observances:
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/machu-picchu-discovered
www.christianity.com/churchhistory/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_24_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_24
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 106
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
1148 Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
1216 Cencio Savelli was consecrated Pope Honorius III. During his 11-year pontificate, he confirmed two well-known religious orders: the Dominicans in 1216 and the Franciscans in 1223.
1411 Battle of Harlaw, one of the bloodiest battles in Scotland, takes place.
1487 Citizens of Leeuwarden, Netherlands strike against ban on foreign beer.
1534 French explorer Jacques Cartier plants a cross on the Gaspé Peninsula and takes possession of the territory in the name of Francis I of France.
1550 French-born Swiss reformer John Calvin wrote in a letter: 'If you make a constant study of the word of the Lord, you will be quite able to guide your life to the highest excellence.'
1567 Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate and replaced by her 1-year-old son James VI.
1701 Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac founds the trading post at Fort Pontchartrain, which later becomes the city of Detroit, Michigan.
1814 War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward the Niagara River to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.
1823 Slavery is abolished in Chile.
1832 Bonneville leads first wagon crossing of South Pass. Benjamin Bonneville, an inept fur trader who some speculate may have actually been a spy, leads the first wagon train to cross the Rocky Mountains at Wyoming's South Pass.
The motivations for Bonneville's western expeditions have always remained somewhat mysterious. A native of France, Bonneville came to the United States in 1803 at the age of seven. He later graduated from West Point, and he served at frontier posts in Arkansas, Texas, and Indian Territory. According to one view, Bonneville simply observed the rapid growth of the western fur trade at these posts and conceived a bold plan to mount his own fur trading expedition. However, others suggest Bonneville's true goal for the expedition may have been to serve as a Far Western spy for the U.S. government.
The circumstances of Bonneville's entry into the fur business were indeed somewhat odd. Despite his complete lack of experience as a mountain man, a group of Manhattan businessmen agreed to back his expedition with ample funds. It was also strange that a career military man should ask for, and quickly receive, a two-year leave of absence from the army to pursue a strictly commercial adventure.
Bonneville began his expedition in May 1832, and that summer he and his men built an imposing trading post along Wyoming's Green River. Bonneville proved to be an incompetent fur trader, yet he seemed unconcerned about making a profit. By contrast, he seemed very interested in exploring the vast territory.
Shortly after arriving in Wyoming, he mounted an expedition to the Columbia River country of Oregon, although he was well aware that the powerful British-owned Hudson's Bay Company dominated the region. On this day in 1832, Bonneville led 110 men and 20 wagons across South Pass, the first-ever wagon crossing of that critical route connecting the existing United States to the northwest region of the continent. During the next two decades, thousands of American settlers would take their wagons across South Pass as they followed the Oregon Trail.
In 1835, Bonneville returned to Washington, where President Andrew Jackson personally oversaw his reinstatement as a captain in the army. Some historians speculate that Bonneville might have actually been a spy for a U.S. government, which was eager to collect information on the British strength in the Northwest. No historical records have ever been found to substantiate this speculation, though, and it is possible that Bonneville was simply an inept fur trader whose dreams exceeded his grasp.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bonneville-leads-first-wagon-crossing-of-south-pass
1847 After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City. Celebrations of this event include the Pioneer Day Utah state holiday and the Days of '47 Parade.
1864 American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown – Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep them out of the Shenandoah Valley.
1866 Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War.
1901 O. Henry is released from prison in Austin, Texas after serving three years for embezzlement from a bank.
1911 Hiram Bingham III re-discovers Machu Picchu, "the Lost City of the Incas".
1915 The passenger ship S.S. Eastland capsizes while tied to a dock in the Chicago River. On this day in 1915, the steamer Eastland overturns in the Chicago River, drowning between 800 and 850 of its passengers who were heading to a picnic. The disaster was caused by serious problems with the boat's design, which were known but never remedied.
The Eastland was owned by the St. Joseph-Chicago Steamship Company and made money ferrying people from Chicago to picnic sites on the shores of Lake Michigan. When the Eastland was launched in 1903, it was designed to carry 650 passengers, but major construction and retrofitting in 1913 supposedly allowed the boat to carry 2,500 people. That same year, a naval architect presciently told officials that the boat needed work, stating unless structural defects are remedied to prevent listing, there may be a serious accident.
On July 24, employees of Western Electric Company were heading to an annual picnic. About 7,300 people arrived at 6 a.m. at the dock between LaSalle and Clark streets to be carried out to the site by five steamers. While bands played, much of the crowd—perhaps even more than the 2,500 people allowed—boarded the Eastland. Some reports indicate that the crowd may also have all gathered on one side of the boat to pose for a photographer, thus creating an imbalance on the boat. In any case, engineer Joseph Erikson opened one of the ballast tanks, which holds water within the boat and stabilizes the ship, and the Eastland began tipping precariously.
Some claim that the crew of the boat jumped back to the dock when they realized what was happening. What is known for sure is that the Eastland capsized right next to the dock, trapping hundreds of people on or underneath the large ship. Rescuers quickly attempted to cut through the hull with torches, allowing them to pull out 40 people alive. More than 800 others perished. Police divers pulled up body after body, causing one diver to break down in a rage. The city sent workers out with a large net to prevent bodies from washing out into the lake. Twenty-two entire families died in the tragedy.
Most of the corpses were taken to the Second Regiment Armory, which is now home to Harpo Studios and The Oprah Winfrey Show. Some of the show's employees have claimed that the studio is haunted by ghosts of the Eastland disaster.
The Eastland was pulled up from the river, renamed the Willimette and converted into a naval vessel. It was turned into scrap following World War II. All lawsuits against the owners of the Eastland were thrown out by a court of appeals and the exact cause of the tipping and subsequent disaster has never been determined.
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/hundreds-drown-in-eastland-disaster
1918 On Mt. Scopus in Jerusalem, the cornerstone for Hebrew University was laid by Dr.Chaim Weizmann. (Weizmann was later elected first president of the modern state of Israel.)
1922 The draft of the British Mandate of Palestine was formally confirmed by the Council of the League of Nations; it came into effect on 26 September 1923.
1923 The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in World War I.
1929 The Kellogg–Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of foreign policy, goes into effect (it is first signed in Paris on August 27, 1928 by most leading world powers).
1931 A fire at a home for the elderly in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania kills 48 people.
1935 The world's first children's railway opens in Tbilisi, Soviet Union.
1935 The Dust Bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures to 109°F (43°C) in Chicago, Illinois and 104°F (40°C) in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
1937 Alabama drops rape charges against the so-called "Scottsboro Boys".
1943 World War II: Operation Gomorrah begins: British and Canadian aeroplanes bomb Hamburg by night, those of the Americans by day. By the end of the operation in November, 9,000 tons of explosives will have killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings.
1950 Cape Canaveral Air Force Station begins operations with the launch of a Bumper rocket.
1959 At the opening of the American National Exhibition in Moscow, U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev have a "Kitchen Debate".
1966 Michael Pelkey makes the first BASE jump from El Capitan along with Brian Schubert. Both came out with broken bones. BASE jumping has now been banned from El Cap.
1967 During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! ("Long live free Quebec!"). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delighted many Quebecers but angered the Canadian government and many English Canadians.
1969 Apollo program: Apollo 11 splashes down safely in the Pacific Ocean.
1972 Bugojno group is caught by Yugoslav security forces.
1974 – Watergate scandal: the United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that President Richard Nixon did not have the authority to withhold subpoenaed White House tapes and they order him to surrender the tapes to the Watergate special prosecutor.
1977 End of a four day long Libyan–Egyptian War.
1980 The Quietly Confident Quartet of Australia wins the Men's 4 x 100 metre medley relay at the Moscow Olympics, the only time the United States has not won the event at Olympic level.
1982 Heavy rain causes a mudslide that destroys a bridge at Nagasaki, Japan, killing 299.
1983 George Brett batting for the Kansas City Royals against the New York Yankees, has a game-winning home run nullified in the "Pine Tar Incident".
1990 Iraqi forces start massing on the Kuwait-Iraq border.
1998 Russell Eugene Weston, Jr. bursts into the United States Capitol and opens fire killing two police officers. He is later ruled to be incompetent to stand trial.
2001 Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Tsar of Bulgaria when he was a child, is sworn in as Prime Minister of Bulgaria, becoming the first monarch in history to regain political power through democratic election to a different office.
2001 Bandaranaike Airport attack is carried out by 14 Tamil Tiger commandos, all died in this attack. They destroyed 11 Aircraft (mostly military) and damaged 15, there are no civilian casualties. This incident slowed down Sri Lankan economy.
2002 Democrat James Traficant is expelled from the United States House of Representatives on a vote of 420 to 1.
2005 Lance Armstrong wins his seventh consecutive Tour de France.
2009 The MV Arctic Sea, reportedly carrying a cargo of timber, is allegedly hijacked in the North Sea by pirates, but much speculation remains as to the actual cargo and events.
~~~~~~~~~~ Births ~~~~~~~~~~
1725 John Newton, English slave ship's captain. He was converted at age 22, and entered the Anglican ministry. Newton is remembered today as author of several enduring hymns, including 'Amazing Grace' and 'Glorious Things of Thee Are Spoken.'
(d. 1807)
1819 Josiah G. Holland, American writer who in 1874 authored the Christmas hymn, 'There's a Song in the Air.'
1821 William Poole, American racketeer and politician (d. 1855)
1853 William Gillette, American actor and author (d. 1937)
1860 Princess Charlotte of Prussia (d. 1919)
1874 Oswald Chambers (d 1916) Born in Scotland on this day, Oswald Chambers grew up there. He is most famous for his book My Utmost for His Highest" but strictly speaking he did not write it. His wife prepared it from shorthand notes she had made of his sermons. He died at age 42 serving as a chaplain.
1880 Ernest Bloch, Swiss-born American composer (d. 1959)
1895 Robert Graves, English author (d. 1985)
1897 Amelia Earhart, American aviatrix (d. 1937)
1899 Chief Dan George, Canadian actor (d. 1981)
1900 Zelda Fitzgerald, American artist (d. 1948)
1904 Leo Arnaud, French-American composer (d. 1991)
1904 Richard B. Morris, American constitutional historian (d. 1989)
1908 Cootie Williams, American trumpeter (d. 1985)
1910 Harry Horner, American art director (d. 1994)
1913 Britton Chance, American molecular biologist and yachtsman (d. 2010)
1916 John D. MacDonald, American novelist, (d. 1986)
1916 Bob Eberly, singer with the Jimmy Dorsey Band and Helen O'Connell, (d. 1981)
1918 Ruggiero Ricci, American violinist
1920 Bella Abzug, American politician (d. 1998)
1920 Constance Dowling, American actress (d. 1969)
1930 Alfred Balk, American magazine editor and journalist (d. 2010)
1933 Doug Sanders, American golfer
1933 John Aniston, American actor
1934 Sante Kimes, American convicted con artist and murderer
1936 Ruth Buzzi, American actress and comedian
1936 Mark Goddard, American actor
1936 Dan Inosanto, Filipino-American martial artist
1938 Eugene J. Martin, American painter and artist
1939 Walt Bellamy, American baseketball player
1940 Stanley Hauerwas, American theologian
1940 Dan Hedaya, American actor
1942 Chris Sarandon, American actor
1945 Linda Harrison (actress), Actress
1946 Gallagher, American comedian
1947 Robert Hays, American actor
1947 Peter Serkin, American pianist
1949 Michael Richards, American comedian
1950 Arliss Ryan, American author
1951 Lynda Carter, American actress
1952 Gus Van Sant, American film director
1953 Claire McCaskill, American politician
1953 Jon Faddis, American jazz trumpet player and composer
1956 Charlie Crist, American politician
1956 Pat Finn, American game show host and producer
1957 Pam Tillis, American singer
1958 Joe Barry Carroll, American basketball player
1962 Johnny O'Connell, American race car driver
1963 Paul Geary, American musician
1963 Julie Krone, American jockey
1963 Karl Malone, American basketball player
1964 Barry Bonds, American baseball player
1964 John Rosengren, American writer and author
1965 Kadeem Hardison, American actor
1965 Doug Liman, American film director
1968 Kristin Chenoweth, American singer and actress
1968 Colleen Doran, American comic book writer and artist
1968 Laura Leighton, American actress
1969 Jennifer Lopez, American actress and singer
1970 Stephanie Adams, Model and author
1972 Jen Miller, American performance artist
1975 Jamie Langenbrunner, American ice hockey player
1975 Eric Szmanda, American actor
1975 Torrie Wilson, American wrestler
1976 Rafer Alston, American basketball player
1976 Nate Bump, American baseball player
1978 Andy Irons, American professional surfer (d. 2010)
1979 Stat Quo, American rapper
1979 José Valverde, American baseball player
1981 Summer Glau, American actress
1985 Eric Wright, American football player
1987 Mara Wilson, American actress
1987 Nathan Gerbe, American hockey player
1990 Daveigh Chase, American actress
1998 Bindi Irwin, Australian entertainer and daughter of Steve Irwin.
~~~~~~~~~~ Deaths ~~~~~~~~~~
1240 Konrad von Thüringen, fifth Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
1594 John Boste, Catholic saint and martyr (b. 1544)
1862 Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States (b. 1782)
1921 Cyrus Ingerson Scofield "Why aren't you a Christian?" Christian businessman and YMCA worker Thomas McPheeters put the question bluntly to Cyrus Ingerson Scofield.
It was a question C. I. Scofield needed to hear. He was miserable. His wife had divorced him. He was an alcoholic. The courts saw a lot of him--and not just because he was a lawyer. He was answering charges against himself. He had even been forced to resign as district attorney in Kansas because of accusations of political corruption.
Now as he spoke with McPheeters, he realized that his life was out of control. He needed a life-changing principle. Cyrus asked Christ into his life that day and from that point it took a radical change.
Before all was done, Cyrus became a friend of the famous evangelists D. L. Moody and Robert A. Torrey. He pastored a large Dallas church, founded a mission to evangelize South America, prepared a Bible study correspondence course and compiled the Scofield Reference Bible.
His reference Bible was a major achievement for a man who lacked formal theological training. Cyrus set out to help others learn the things that would have most helped him when he first set out to understand God's word. He linked references from passage to passage in the King James Version, following the development of a thought. He appreciated the dispensationalist views of the John Nelson Darby (a leader of the Plymouth Brethren) and worked them into his notes. Dispensationalism teaches that in different ages God has had different arrangements for his dealings with mankind and parts of the Bible are not in force today.
The Scofield Bible was printed in 1909 and had an immediate impact on what the average Christian believes. Due in large part to Scofield, vast numbers of Christians now hold the view that Christ will return for Christians before the Great Tribulation, a teaching not held by any significant segment of the church before the mid-1800s.
At a time when the Bible was under attack from liberal scholars, Cyrus' defense of major doctrines stirred renewed interest in upholding the Bible. His Bible provided many useful summaries. For example, he taught that there are five judgments mentioned in scripture: the judgment of sin on the cross; the judgment of sinning believers through Christ's discipline; the judgment of the works of Christians; the judgment on the nations when Christ returns; and the judgment of all the remaining dead before the Great white throne at the end of time.
Cyrus died on the morning of this day on a Sunday at Douglaston, Long Island.
Millions have owned his Bibles since then. Some hold his notes almost on a par with inspiration. Others seriously challenge his work as misleading, especially in its dispensationalism. However, his sermons on Christ are full of beauty and show that he had looked long at the Master.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630726/
1965 Constance Bennett, American actress (b. 1904)
1966 Tony Lema, American golfer (b. 1934)
1980 Peter Sellers, English comedian and actor (b. 1925)
1985 Father Ezechiele Ramin MCCJ, Italian missionary and martyr (b. 1953)
1986 Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1899)
1991 Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish author, Nobel laureate (b. 1904)
1995 Marjorie Cameron, American writer, painter (b. 1922)
1997 William J. Brennan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1906)
2007 Albert Ellis, American psychologist (b. 1913)
2007 Chaney Kley, American actor (b. 1972)
2008 Norman Dello Joio, American composer (b. 1913)
2009 E. Lynn Harris, American author (b. 1955)
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day:
Charbel
Christina the Astonishing
Christina of Bolsena
Declán of Ardmore
Kinga of Poland
July 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Martyr Christina of Tyre (300)
Holy martyr and passion-bearers Boris and Gleb (1015)
Saint Polycarp of Kiev Caves, archimandrite (1182)
Martyr Athanasius of Chios (1660)
Martyr Theophilus of Zakynthos (1603)
Martyr Hermogenes
Saint Pachomius on the Lake in Vologda, abbot
Martyrs Capito and Hymenaeus
Saint Bernulphus, Bishop of Utrecht
Other commemorations
Repose of blessed Tikhon of Turukhan on the Enisei River in Siberia (1682)
Pioneer Day (Utah) and its related observances:
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/machu-picchu-discovered
www.christianity.com/churchhistory/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_24_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_24
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi