Post by farmgal on Jul 19, 2012 22:15:18 GMT -5
July 19 is the 202nd day of this leap year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 165 days remaining until the end of the year.
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 109
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
Menora, the Jewish symbol, taken from Jerusalem by the Roman troops (70 AD)
70 First Jewish–Roman War: Siege of Jerusalem – Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars
Anne Hutchinson on Trial by Edwin Austin Abbey
1591 Anne Hutchinson Christened. Anne Hutchinson was born in Alford, England. The first historical record of this woman who did so much to free women from societal chains is religious. It is the record of her christening on this day July 20, 1591. She may be thought of as the premier American feminist, yet her entire life was linked to the church.
Anne received teenage experience as a midwife, helping her own mother in her later pregnancies. She became skilled at the practice. The mothers and babes she attended had far higher survival rates than usual and this brought her great influence among the women she worked with both in Alford and later when she moved to Massachusetts.
After marriage to William Hutchinson, Anne bore a number of children of her own. Most survived to adulthood, a rarity for the time. She and William fell under the spell of the preaching of John Cotton at Boston, England. On every occasion they found excuses to make the then lengthy trip to hear him. Cotton was preaching several sermons a week, and so they could hope to catch one any time they visited Boston.
Anne's father had taught her as he would a son. He himself had suffered a good deal for his convictions. As she grew older, Anne began to fuse religious and political ideas. Why should not women be as free as men? Queen Elizabeth had proven herself a better ruler than the men who preceded and followed her. Women clearly were not inferior creatures. She pored over scripture and became convinced that God meant woman to be man's equal. Jesus had elevated the status of women by his actions. She came under the spell of the Familists who called for such equality and held that there was no such thing as original sin. Other women sought her for instruction and trusted her because she had a proven track record of assisting them with their dangerous and fearsome pregnancies.
Within a short time of each other, Cotton and the Hutchinsons migrated to America. There Anne, with her women's groups, Familism and unorthodox theology, appeared a threat to the authorities. Her followers became known as Hutchisonians. In part owing to her influence, John Winthrop lost power.
Eventually he put her on trial. She contended strongly in her self-defense, reminding her accusers that the Bible permitted elder women to teach younger. Her groups for women were not in violation of scripture. If some men chose to attend her group, that did not make her wrong. In fact, she added triumphantly, the men of the court by questioning her, were allowing her to teach them. Winthrop, with a packed court (he had called special elections to seat his own followers) banished Anne from the colony.
She joined Roger Williams at Rhode Island and was killed by Indians.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630037/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familists
1648 The Westminster Larger Catechism was adopted by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at Edinburgh. This and the Shorter Catechism have both been in regular use among Presbyterians, Baptists and Congregationalists ever since.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Larger_Catechism
The full Riot Act. The lower part contains the proclamation that was to be read out loud.
1715 The Riot Act took effect in England. The Riot Act was passed by the British government in 1714 and came into force in 1715. This was the period of the Catholic Jacobite riots, when mobs opposed to the new Hanoverian king, George I, were attacking the meeting houses of dissenting groups. If a dozen or more persons were disturbing the peace, an authority was required to command silence and read the statute. Any persons who failed to obey within one hour were to be arrested.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_Act
1726 Colonial clergyman Jonathan Edwards, 23, married Sarah Pierpont, 16. Their marriage prospered for over 30 years, before his premature death in 1758. Sarah herself died only six months later, at 48. Edwards was first attracted to thirteen-year-old Sarah Pierpoint because he saw in her an extraordinary cheerfulness and a deeper than usual faith in God. Many smooth and handsome young men courted Sarah, but it was gangly, moody Jonathan, with his prayerful ways and deep love of God, who won her. He made her feel as if what she thought was important to him. They married on this day, July 20, 1727. She was seventeen, he was 23.
Their marriage, which lasted over thirty years, was a happy one. Much of that was owing to Sarah, who managed the home--and her scholarly husband--efficiently. Sarah worked hard to rear godly children, dealing immediately with sin when it showed itself. She bore eleven, ten of whom lived to adulthood. Jonathan also gave an hour a day to play and conversation with his children.
The many people who visited the home were impressed by the peace which flourished in the home. There was none of the quarreling or coldness so common in other homes. Husband and wife supported and admired each other. They prayed daily together. Evangelist George Whitefield, after spending a few days in the calm, happy Edwards home, was so impressed that he determined to get married himself. "A sweeter couple I have not yet seen," he enthused.
Jonathan himself saw home life as a living lesson in faith. In his sermon, "The Church's Marriage to Her Sons and to Her God," he reminded his listeners of the importance of marriage. "Of all the various kinds of union of sensible and temporal things that are used in Scripture to represent the relation there is between Christ and his church; that which is between bridegroom and bride, or husband and wife, is much more frequently made use of both in the Old and New Testament. The Holy Ghost seems to take a particular delight in this, as a similitude [likeness] fit to represent the strict, intimate, and blessed union that is between Christ and his saints."
The Edwards suffered their share of criticism. Although Sarah was not wasteful, she had expensive tastes, especially in dresses and dishes. Jonathan came under a cloud of anger when he refused to admit just anyone to communion. The last years of the couple's lives were lived in turmoil and poverty.
Jonathan had just accepted the presidency of Princeton when he contracted smallpox. On his death bed, his last thoughts were of Sarah. "...give my kindest leave to my dear wife and tell her that the uncommon union which has so long existed between us has been of such a nature as I trust is spiritual and therefore will continue forever; and I hope she will be supported under so great a trial and submit cheerfully to the will of God." he said. Sarah and he had just lost a daughter and son-in-law. Sarah fell ill of dysentery while on a visit to collect her grandchildren to raise with her own younger children. Just six months after Jonathan's death, she joined him in the grave.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630206/
La Verendrye explored the area from Lake Superior to the mouth of the Saskatchewan River. He also reached North Dakota and his sons reached Wyoming.
1738 Canadian fur trader and explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye reaches the western shore of Lake Michigan. In the 1730s he and his four sons opened up the area west of Lake Superior and thus began the process that added Western Canada to the original New France in the Saint Lawrence basin. He was also the first European to reach North Dakota and the upper Missouri River. In the 1740s two of his sons crossed the prairie as far at Wyoming and were the first Europeans to see the Rocky Mountains.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_Varennes_et_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye
John Leland
1801 President Thomas Jefferson becomes "The Big Cheese" On New Year's Day, 1802, President Thomas Jefferson received a gift of mythic proportions. Amid great fanfare, a mammoth cheese was delivered to the White House by the itinerant Baptist preacher John Leland. On the morning of July 20, 1801, the devout Baptist families, in their finest Sunday frocks, turned out with pails of curds for a day of thanksgiving, hymn singing, and cheese pressing at the farm of Elisha Brown, Jr. The cheese was distilled from the single day's milk production of nine hundred or more "Republican" cows. It measured more than four feet in diameter, thirteen feet in circumference, and seventeen inches in height; once cured, it weighed 1,235 pounds.According to press accounts, Jefferson personally received the cheese on New Year's morning. Dressed in his customary black suit, he stood in the White House doorway, arms outstretched, eagerly awaiting the cheese's arrival.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Leland_(Baptist)
1807 Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powered a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce
1858 Fee first charged to see a baseball game - NY beats Brooklyn 22-18. The proposed mach elevated this concept to an "All New York Nine" against an "All Brooklyn Nine." The scene was set for baseball's first all-star game. Admission to the match was ten cents for each person entering the grounds and an additional fee of twenty-five cents for one-horse vehicles or forty cents for two. The admission is to cover the cost of the grounds with the surplus to be split between the Fire Department Funds of New York and Brooklyn. This decision marked one of the first times ever that an admission fee was imposed for the privilege of observing a base ball game. John Henry Holder, a player with the Excelsiors, hits the first home run ever recorded in a box score, but New York wins the game 22-18. Brooklyn will take the rematch on August 19th, and on September 19th, New York wins the rubber game and the series.
1864 American Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek – Near Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate forces led by General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General William T. Sherman. Union Major Gen. J.D. Cox said, "Few battlefields of the war have been strewn so thickly with dead and wounded as they lay that evening around Collier's Mill."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Peachtree_Creek
1868 First use of tax stamps on tobacco products. Stamps were first used to show payment of taxes on manufactured tobacco in 1868. These are denominated in cents per pound - sixteen cents for tobacco with stems and thirty-two cents for tobacco without them. Paper wrappers with revenue imprints were used briefly in 1868 and 1878-9. From 1868 to sometime in 1870 the thirty-two cent manufactured tobacco stamps were used on snuff.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue_stamp#History
An animated map showing the growth and change of Canada's provinces and territories since Confederation in 1867.
1871 British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada. Several factors motivated confederation, including the fear of annexation to the United States, the overwhelming debt created by rapid population growth, the need for government-funded services to support this population, and the economic depression caused by the end of the gold rush. With the agreement by the Canadian government to extend the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to British Columbia and to assume the colony's debt, BC became the sixth province to join Confederation on July 20, 1871. The borders of the province were not completely settled until 1903, however, when the province's territory shrank somewhat after the Alaska Boundary Dispute settled the vague boundary of the Alaska Panhandle.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada#Confederation_and_expansion
1872 Mahlon Loomis receives patent for wireless ... the radio is born
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahlon_Loomis
1876 First US intercollegiate track meet held, Saratoga, NY; Princeton wins. It was held as a side attraction to the annual intercollegiate regatta at Saratoga Lake, New York. Princeton won the team championship with four first places and four seconds.
1881 Sioux Indian leader Sitting Bull, surrenders to federal troops. Group after hungry group of Sitting Bull's band crossed back into the states and onto the reservation. Finally, in July 1881, Sitting Bull presented his prized war bonnet to a Canadian officer he had befriended. "Take it, my friend, and keep it," he said. "I'm through with fighting." On July 19 he and 187 Hunkpapa surrendered at Fort Buford, in what is now Montana. American soldiers couldn't believe that these bedraggled, hungry-looking souls were the feared Hunkpapa Sioux. On the morning of the July 20, in front of American and Canadian soldiers and a Minnesota newspaperman, Sitting Bull had his eight-year-old son, Crow Foot, hand Fort Buford's Commanding Officer Major David Brotherton his Winchester rifle.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitting_Bull
1912 Phillies Sherry Magee steals home twice in 1 game.
In Chicago, the Phils pound the Cubs, 14-2. Sherry Magee leads the way with two steals of home tying a ML record. On August 1, Joe Jackson will swipe home twice to set a AL record.
Henry Ford (ca. 1919)
1903 The Ford Motor Company ships its first car.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#History
1910 The Christian Endeavor Society of Missouri began a campaign to ban all motion pictures that depicted kissing between non-relatives.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_People%27s_Society_of_Christian_Endeavour
1917 WW I draft lottery held; #258 is first drawn. About 10 million men registered for first draft registration day. On July 20, 1917, Secretary of War Baker drew the first draft number (#258) from a large bowl.
www.gjenvick.com/Military/WorldWarOne/TheDraft/SelectiveServiceSystem/1917-07-20-Draft-DrawingTheFirstNumber.html#ixzz21CAhme3J
Serbian Historical Archives
1917 World War I: The Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu_Declaration
French Togoland
1922 The League of Nations awards mandates of Togoland to France and Tanganyika to the United Kingdom.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togoland#Occupation_and_beyond
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanganyika
Bonus Army marchers (left) confront the police.
1932 In Washington, D.C., police fire tear gas on World War I veterans, part of the Bonus Expeditionary Force, who attempt to march to the White House.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonus_Expeditionary_Force
1934 Labor unrest in the U.S.: as police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, during the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934, killing two and wounding sixty-seven. Led by local leaders associated with the Trotskyist Communist League of America, a group that later founded the Socialist Workers Party (United States), the strike paved the way for the organization of over-the-road drivers and the growth of the Teamsters labor union. It, along with the 1934 West Coast Longshore Strike and the 1934 Toledo Auto-Lite Strike led by the American Workers Party, were also important catalysts for the rise of industrial unionism in the 1930s, much of which was organized through the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis_Teamsters_Strike_of_1934
1934 State record high temperature of 118° in Keokuk, Iowa
1934 1934 West Coast waterfront strike: In Seattle, Washington, police fire tear gas on and club 2,000 striking longshoremen. The governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the Portland docks.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike
1935 NBC radio debuted "G-men." Gang Busters was a dramatic radio program heralded as "the only national program that brings you authentic police case histories." It premiered as "G-Men," sponsored by Chevrolet, on July 20, 1935. The title was changed to "Gang Busters" on January 15, 1936, and the show had a 21-year run through November 20, 1957.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_Busters
1938 The United States Department of Justice files suit in New York, New York against the motion picture industry charging violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act in regards to the studio system. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
1940 Singles record charts first published by Billboard-Tommy Dorsey #1. On January 4, 1936 Billboard magazine published its first music hit parade and on July 20, 1940 the first Music Popularity Chart was calculated. Since 1958 the Hot 100 has been published, combining single sales and radio airplay. "I'll Never Smile Again" by Tommy Dorsey was the top selling single on this date.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey
1940 Denmark leaves the League of Nations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark#Foreign_relations_and_military
1940 California opens its first freeway, the Arroyo Seco Parkway.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_Parkway
1941 Soviet leader Joseph Stalin consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the NKVD and names Lavrenti Beria its chief.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKVD
1942 The first detachment of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps begins basic training. On July 20 the first officer candidate training class of 440 women started a six-week course at Fort Des Moines. Interviews conducted by an eager press revealed that the average officer candidate was 25 years old, had attended college, and was working as an office administrator, executive secretary, or teacher. One out of every five had enlisted because a male member of her family was in the armed forces and she wanted to help him get home sooner. Several were combat widows of Pearl Harbor and Bataan. The press was asked to leave Fort Des Moines after the first day so as not to interfere with the training.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps
Claus Philipp Maria Schenk
15 November 1907
1944 World War II: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by German Army Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_von_Stauffenberg
1949 Israel and Syria sign a truce to end their nineteen-month war.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Syria_Mixed_Armistice_Commission
1950 Cold War: In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Gold
1951 King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Abdullah_I
1954 Germany: Otto John, head of West Germany's secret service, defects to East Germany.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_John
1960 The Polaris missile is successfully launched from a submarine, the USS George Washington, for the first time.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_George_Washington_(SSBN-598)
1962 Pope John XXIII sent invitations to all 'separated Christian churches and communities,' asking each to send delegate-observers to the upcoming Vatican II Ecumenical Council in Rome.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council
1964 Vietnam War: Viet Cong forces attack the capital of Dinh Tuong Province, Cai Be, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War#Lyndon_B._Johnson_escalates_the_war.2C_1963.E2.80.931969
1968 The first Special Olympics is held.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Olympics#History
1969 Apollo program: Apollo 11 successfully makes the first manned landing on the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility. Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the Moon almost 7 hours later. (US Time)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11
1974 Turkish occupation of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus after a coup d'etat, organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
1976 The American Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_1
1977 Johnstown, Pennsylvania is hit by a flash flood that kills eighty and causes $350 million in damage.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Run_Dam#1977_failure
1977 The Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in mind control experiments.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MKUltra#Revelation
Panoramic view of Jerusalem from Gilo
1980 The United Nations Security Council votes 14-0 that member states should not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. United States abstained.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478
1992 Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel
The Falun Dafa emblem
1999 Falun Gong (literally means "Dharma Wheel Practice") is banned in China, and a large scale crackdown of the practice is launched.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong
356 BC Alexander the Great, Macedonian king and conqueror of Persia (d. 323 BC)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great
810 Imam Bukhari, (d 870) Sunni Islamic scholar of Persia. He authored the hadith collection named Sahih Bukhari, a collection which Sunni Muslims regard as the most authentic of all hadith compilations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Bukhari
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1779 Obadiah Bruen Brown (d May 2, 1852) Baptist clergyman who served as Chaplain of the House (1807–1809 and 1814–1815) and as Chaplain of the Senate (1809–1810).
[a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obadiah_Bruen_Brown"]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obadiah_Bruen_Brown[/a][/url]
Statue of Strzelecki in Jindabyne.
1797 Sir Paul Edmund de Strzelecki, (d 1873) Polish explorer and geologist
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Edmund_de_Strzelecki
1822 Gregor Mendel, (d 1884) Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. Although the significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century, the independent rediscovery of these laws formed the foundation of the modern science of genetics.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel
1838 Augustin Daly, American playwright (d. 1899)
1849 Robert Anderson Van Wyck, (d 1918) Mayor of New York City, first mayor of New York City after the consolidation of the five boroughs into the City of New York in 1898.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Anderson_Van_Wyck
1868 Miron Cristea, (d 1939) 1st Patriarch of All Romania
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea
Child Evangelism Fellowship
1877 Jesse Overholtzer, who in 1937 incorporated Child Evangelism Fellowship in Chicago. Today the CEF mission agency works in over 60 countries worldwide
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Evangelism_Fellowship
1896 Eunice Sanborn, (d 2011) American supercentenarian
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice_Sanborn
1901 Heinie Manush, American baseball player (d. 1971)
1918 Cindy Walker, American singer (d. 2006)
1919 Sir Edmund Hillary, (d 2008) New Zealand mountaineer, explorer and philanthropist. On 29 May 1953, Hillary and Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers confirmed as having reached the summit of Mount Everest. They were part of the ninth British expedition to Everest, led by John Hunt. Hillary was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Hillary
1920 Elliot Richardson, (d. 1999) American lawyer and politician who was a member of the cabinet of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. As U.S. Attorney General, he was a prominent figure in the Watergate Scandal, and resigned rather than obey President Nixon's order to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox. Richardson is the only individual to serve in four United States Cabinet positions within the United States government: Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1970 to 1973, Secretary of Defense from January to May 1973, Attorney General from May 24 to October 1973, and Secretary of Commerce from 1976 to 1977.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot_Richardson
1922 Alan Stephenson Boyd, American politician, 1st United States Secretary of Transportation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Stephenson_Boyd
1924 Thomas Berger, American novelist
1926 Lola Albright, American actress
1929 Mike Ilitch, American businessman and sports executive
1930 Chuck Daly, American basketball coach (d. 2009)
1933 Buddy Knox, American singer and songwriter (d. 1999)
1933 Cormac McCarthy, American author
1936 Barbara Mikulski, senior United States Senator from Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party. Mikulski, a former United States Representative, is the longest-serving female senator and the longest-serving woman in the history of the U.S. Congress, having served since 1977.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski
1938 Tony Oliva, Cuban baseball player
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Oliva
1939 Judy Chicago, American artist
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Chicago
1942 Pete Hamilton, American race car driver
1942 T. G. Sheppard, American country music singer
1945 Kim Carnes, American singer and songwriter
1945 Larry Craig, former Republican politician from the U.S. state of Idaho. He served 18 years in the U.S. Senate (1991–2009), preceded by 10 years in the U.S. House, representing Idaho's first district (1981–91). His 28 years in the Congress rank as the second-longest in Idaho history, trailing only William Borah, who served over 32 years in the Senate. In addition to serving in Congress, Craig has been a member of the Board of Directors of the National Rifle Association since 1983. Craig has also been selected for induction into the Idaho Hall of Fame.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Craig
1945 John Lodge, English musician (The Moody Blues)
1945 Harrison Ellenshaw, American matte painter
1946 Randal Kleiser, American film director
1947 Carlos Santana, Mexican-born American guitarist
1948 Muse Watson, American actor
1953 Thomas Friedman, American journalist
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Friedman
1953 Marcia Hines, American-born Australian singer
1953 Dan Shaughnessy, American sports writer
1954 Moira Harris, American actress
1954 Jay Jay French, guitarist for Twisted Sister
1954 Larry Levan, American DJ (d. 1992)
1956 Michael Gordon, American composer
1957 Donna Dixon, American actress
1958 Billy Mays, (d 2009) American TV pitchman, most notable for promoting OxiClean, Orange Glo, and other cleaning, home-based, and maintenance products on the Home Shopping Network, and through his company, Mays Promotions, Inc.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Mays
1959 Radney Foster, Texas country music singer/songwriter
1962 Carlos Alazraqui, American actor and comedian
1963 Frank Whaley, American actor
1964 Chris Cornell, American musician (Soundgarden, Audioslave)
1964 Terri Irwin, American naturalist; widow of Steve Irwin
1964 Kool G Rap, American musician
1964 Dean Winters, American actor
1965 Jess Walter, American author
1966 Stone Gossard, American musician (Pearl Jam, Mother Love Bone, Brad)
1967 Reed Diamond, American actor
1967 Courtney Taylor-Taylor, American musician (The Dandy Warhols)
1968 Jimmy Carson, American ice hockey player
1968 Michael Park, American actor
1969 Josh Holloway, American actor
1969 Tobi Vail, American musician (Bikini Kill, The Go Team, The Frumpies)
1971 Charles Johnson, American baseball player
1971 DJ Screw, American hip hop deejay (d. 2000)
1972 Vitamin C, American singer
1973 Omar Epps, American actor
1973 Claudio Reyna, American soccer player
1974 Phofo, American musician
1974 Simon Rex, American actor
1975 Ray Allen, American basketball player
1975 Judy Greer, American actress
1976 Erica Hill, American news anchor
1978 Charlie Korsmo, American actor
1978 Will Solomon, American basketball player
1978 Elliott Yamin, American Idol contestant
1982 Percy Daggs III, American actor
1984 Matt Gilroy, American hockey player
1985 John Francis Daley, American actor
1988 Julianne Hough, American ballroom dancer
1988 Stephen Strasburg, American baseball player
1997 Billi Bruno, American actress
985 Pope Boniface VII, was an antipope (974, 984–985). He is supposed to have put Pope Benedict VI to death. A popular tumult compelled him to flee to Constantinople in 974; he carried off a vast treasure, and returned in 984 and removed Pope John XIV (983–984) from office, who had been elected in his absence, by murder. After a brief rule from 984 to 985, he died under suspicious circumstances.
1160 Peter Lombard, French theologian
1704 Peregrine White, (b. 1620), first English child born to the Pilgrims in the New World, a child of William and Susanna White, Mayflower Pilgrims. Peregrine was born aboard the Pilgrim ship Mayflower at Cape Cod Harbor (now Provincetown Harbor) before the end of November, 1620. He died in Marshfield, Massachusetts on July 20, 1704 at age 83 years and 8 months. He was the first baby born on the Mayflower as it was docked ouside Plymouth Colony.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrine_White
1903 Pope Leo XIII (b 1810) born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci to an Italian comital family, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903. He was the oldest pope (reigning until the age of 93), and had the third longest pontificate, behind his immediate predecessor Pius IX and John Paul II.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII
1923 Francisco "Pancho" Villa, aka José Doroteo Arango Arámbula (b. 1878) Mexican rebel
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_%22Pancho%22_Villa
1937 Guglielmo Marconi, (b 1874) Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi
1941 Lew Fields, American vaudeville performer (b. 1867)
1944 Mildred Harris, American actress (b. 1901)
1951 King Abdullah I of Jordan (b. 1882)
1959 William D. Leahy, (b 1875) American admiral, building his reputation through administration and staff work. As Chief of Naval Operations (1937–39) he was the senior officer in Navy, overseeing the preparations for war. After retiring from the Navy he was appointed by his close friend President Franklin D. Roosevelt as Governor of Puerto Rico and, in his most controversial role, as Ambassador to Vichy France, which was an ally of Nazi Germany, 1940-42. Leahy was recalled to active duty as the personal Chief of Staff to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 and served in that position throughout World War II, and continued under President Harry S. Truman until finally retiring in 1949. In effect, though not in title, he was the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; he also presided over the American delegation to the Combined Chiefs of Staff. In these multiple roles he was at the center of all major American military decisions in World War II. As Fleet Admiral, Leahy was the first U.S. naval officer ever to hold a five-star rank in the U.S. Armed Forces.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Leahy
1969 Roy Hamilton, American singer (b. 1929)
1973 Bruce Lee, American actor and martial artist (b. 1940)
1973 Robert Smithson, American land artist (b. 1938)
1976 Joseph Rochefort, (b 1900) American Naval officer and cryptanalyst. His contributions and those of his team were pivotal to victory in the Pacific War. Rochefort was a major figure in the United States Navy's cryptographic and intelligence operations from 1925 to 1946, particularly in the Battle of Midway.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Rochefort
1977 Gary Kellgren, American music producer (b. 1939)
1983 Frank Reynolds, American television news anchor (b. 1923)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Reynolds
1987 Richard Egan, American actor (b. 1921)
1989 Forrest H. Anderson, Governor of Montana (b. 1913)
1993 Vincent Foster Jr., White House deputy counsel (b. 1945)
1998 June Byers, American professional wrestler (b. 1922)
1999 Sandra Gould, American actress (b. 1916)
2000 Gregory Hill American writer (b. 1941)
2004 Scott Andrew Mink, American convicted murderer (b. 1963)
2005 Kayo Hatta, American film director (b. 1958)
2007 Tammy Faye Messner (Bakker), (b 1942) American televangelist, Christian singer, entrepreneur, author, talk show host, and television personality. She was married from 1961 to 1992 to televangelist, and later convicted felon, Jim Bakker. She co-hosted with him on The PTL Club (1976–1987). She was a participant in the 2004 season of the reality show The Surreal Life
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Messner
2008 Artie Traum, American guitarist (b. 1943)
2009 Mark Rosenzweig, American brain researcher (b. 1922)
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day:
Apollinaris of Ravenna
Aurelius
Elijah
Margaret the Virgin
Thorlac (relic translation)
Wilgefortis (cult suppressed)
July 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Holy and glorious Prophet Elijah (9th century BC)
Saint Elias of Jerusalem, Patriarch and confessor
Saint Flavius of Antioch, Patriarch and confessor
Saint Abramius of Galich near Chukhloma Lake, disciple of Saint Sergius of Radonezh (1375)
Russian New martyrs Lydia with soldiers Alexei and Cyril (1928)
Russian New martyrs Philosoph Ornatsky and those with him (1918)
Russian New martyr Juvenal, deacon
Martyr Ilia Chavchavadze of Georgia (1907)
Righteous Martyr Maria Skobtsova (1945)
Priestmartyr Dimitri Klepinin (1945)
Other commemorations
Uncovering of the relics of martyr Athanasios at Brest Litovsk (1679)
Repose of righteous priest Valentine Amphiteatrov (1908)
[/size]
www.christianity.com/churchhistory/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_20_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.amug.org/~jpaul/jul20.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_20
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html
Days until Election Day, Tuesday November 6, 2012: 109
Countdown until Obama leaves Office www.obamaclock.org/
U.S. Debt Clock: www.usdebtclock.org/
Menora, the Jewish symbol, taken from Jerusalem by the Roman troops (70 AD)
70 First Jewish–Roman War: Siege of Jerusalem – Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars
Anne Hutchinson on Trial by Edwin Austin Abbey
1591 Anne Hutchinson Christened. Anne Hutchinson was born in Alford, England. The first historical record of this woman who did so much to free women from societal chains is religious. It is the record of her christening on this day July 20, 1591. She may be thought of as the premier American feminist, yet her entire life was linked to the church.
Anne received teenage experience as a midwife, helping her own mother in her later pregnancies. She became skilled at the practice. The mothers and babes she attended had far higher survival rates than usual and this brought her great influence among the women she worked with both in Alford and later when she moved to Massachusetts.
After marriage to William Hutchinson, Anne bore a number of children of her own. Most survived to adulthood, a rarity for the time. She and William fell under the spell of the preaching of John Cotton at Boston, England. On every occasion they found excuses to make the then lengthy trip to hear him. Cotton was preaching several sermons a week, and so they could hope to catch one any time they visited Boston.
Anne's father had taught her as he would a son. He himself had suffered a good deal for his convictions. As she grew older, Anne began to fuse religious and political ideas. Why should not women be as free as men? Queen Elizabeth had proven herself a better ruler than the men who preceded and followed her. Women clearly were not inferior creatures. She pored over scripture and became convinced that God meant woman to be man's equal. Jesus had elevated the status of women by his actions. She came under the spell of the Familists who called for such equality and held that there was no such thing as original sin. Other women sought her for instruction and trusted her because she had a proven track record of assisting them with their dangerous and fearsome pregnancies.
Within a short time of each other, Cotton and the Hutchinsons migrated to America. There Anne, with her women's groups, Familism and unorthodox theology, appeared a threat to the authorities. Her followers became known as Hutchisonians. In part owing to her influence, John Winthrop lost power.
Eventually he put her on trial. She contended strongly in her self-defense, reminding her accusers that the Bible permitted elder women to teach younger. Her groups for women were not in violation of scripture. If some men chose to attend her group, that did not make her wrong. In fact, she added triumphantly, the men of the court by questioning her, were allowing her to teach them. Winthrop, with a packed court (he had called special elections to seat his own followers) banished Anne from the colony.
She joined Roger Williams at Rhode Island and was killed by Indians.
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630037/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familists
1648 The Westminster Larger Catechism was adopted by the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland at Edinburgh. This and the Shorter Catechism have both been in regular use among Presbyterians, Baptists and Congregationalists ever since.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Larger_Catechism
The full Riot Act. The lower part contains the proclamation that was to be read out loud.
1715 The Riot Act took effect in England. The Riot Act was passed by the British government in 1714 and came into force in 1715. This was the period of the Catholic Jacobite riots, when mobs opposed to the new Hanoverian king, George I, were attacking the meeting houses of dissenting groups. If a dozen or more persons were disturbing the peace, an authority was required to command silence and read the statute. Any persons who failed to obey within one hour were to be arrested.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot_Act
1726 Colonial clergyman Jonathan Edwards, 23, married Sarah Pierpont, 16. Their marriage prospered for over 30 years, before his premature death in 1758. Sarah herself died only six months later, at 48. Edwards was first attracted to thirteen-year-old Sarah Pierpoint because he saw in her an extraordinary cheerfulness and a deeper than usual faith in God. Many smooth and handsome young men courted Sarah, but it was gangly, moody Jonathan, with his prayerful ways and deep love of God, who won her. He made her feel as if what she thought was important to him. They married on this day, July 20, 1727. She was seventeen, he was 23.
Their marriage, which lasted over thirty years, was a happy one. Much of that was owing to Sarah, who managed the home--and her scholarly husband--efficiently. Sarah worked hard to rear godly children, dealing immediately with sin when it showed itself. She bore eleven, ten of whom lived to adulthood. Jonathan also gave an hour a day to play and conversation with his children.
The many people who visited the home were impressed by the peace which flourished in the home. There was none of the quarreling or coldness so common in other homes. Husband and wife supported and admired each other. They prayed daily together. Evangelist George Whitefield, after spending a few days in the calm, happy Edwards home, was so impressed that he determined to get married himself. "A sweeter couple I have not yet seen," he enthused.
Jonathan himself saw home life as a living lesson in faith. In his sermon, "The Church's Marriage to Her Sons and to Her God," he reminded his listeners of the importance of marriage. "Of all the various kinds of union of sensible and temporal things that are used in Scripture to represent the relation there is between Christ and his church; that which is between bridegroom and bride, or husband and wife, is much more frequently made use of both in the Old and New Testament. The Holy Ghost seems to take a particular delight in this, as a similitude [likeness] fit to represent the strict, intimate, and blessed union that is between Christ and his saints."
The Edwards suffered their share of criticism. Although Sarah was not wasteful, she had expensive tastes, especially in dresses and dishes. Jonathan came under a cloud of anger when he refused to admit just anyone to communion. The last years of the couple's lives were lived in turmoil and poverty.
Jonathan had just accepted the presidency of Princeton when he contracted smallpox. On his death bed, his last thoughts were of Sarah. "...give my kindest leave to my dear wife and tell her that the uncommon union which has so long existed between us has been of such a nature as I trust is spiritual and therefore will continue forever; and I hope she will be supported under so great a trial and submit cheerfully to the will of God." he said. Sarah and he had just lost a daughter and son-in-law. Sarah fell ill of dysentery while on a visit to collect her grandchildren to raise with her own younger children. Just six months after Jonathan's death, she joined him in the grave.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)
www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630206/
La Verendrye explored the area from Lake Superior to the mouth of the Saskatchewan River. He also reached North Dakota and his sons reached Wyoming.
1738 Canadian fur trader and explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye reaches the western shore of Lake Michigan. In the 1730s he and his four sons opened up the area west of Lake Superior and thus began the process that added Western Canada to the original New France in the Saint Lawrence basin. He was also the first European to reach North Dakota and the upper Missouri River. In the 1740s two of his sons crossed the prairie as far at Wyoming and were the first Europeans to see the Rocky Mountains.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_Varennes_et_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye
John Leland
1801 President Thomas Jefferson becomes "The Big Cheese" On New Year's Day, 1802, President Thomas Jefferson received a gift of mythic proportions. Amid great fanfare, a mammoth cheese was delivered to the White House by the itinerant Baptist preacher John Leland. On the morning of July 20, 1801, the devout Baptist families, in their finest Sunday frocks, turned out with pails of curds for a day of thanksgiving, hymn singing, and cheese pressing at the farm of Elisha Brown, Jr. The cheese was distilled from the single day's milk production of nine hundred or more "Republican" cows. It measured more than four feet in diameter, thirteen feet in circumference, and seventeen inches in height; once cured, it weighed 1,235 pounds.According to press accounts, Jefferson personally received the cheese on New Year's morning. Dressed in his customary black suit, he stood in the White House doorway, arms outstretched, eagerly awaiting the cheese's arrival.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Leland_(Baptist)
1807 Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powered a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Ni%C3%A9pce
1858 Fee first charged to see a baseball game - NY beats Brooklyn 22-18. The proposed mach elevated this concept to an "All New York Nine" against an "All Brooklyn Nine." The scene was set for baseball's first all-star game. Admission to the match was ten cents for each person entering the grounds and an additional fee of twenty-five cents for one-horse vehicles or forty cents for two. The admission is to cover the cost of the grounds with the surplus to be split between the Fire Department Funds of New York and Brooklyn. This decision marked one of the first times ever that an admission fee was imposed for the privilege of observing a base ball game. John Henry Holder, a player with the Excelsiors, hits the first home run ever recorded in a box score, but New York wins the game 22-18. Brooklyn will take the rematch on August 19th, and on September 19th, New York wins the rubber game and the series.
1864 American Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek – Near Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate forces led by General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General William T. Sherman. Union Major Gen. J.D. Cox said, "Few battlefields of the war have been strewn so thickly with dead and wounded as they lay that evening around Collier's Mill."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Peachtree_Creek
1868 First use of tax stamps on tobacco products. Stamps were first used to show payment of taxes on manufactured tobacco in 1868. These are denominated in cents per pound - sixteen cents for tobacco with stems and thirty-two cents for tobacco without them. Paper wrappers with revenue imprints were used briefly in 1868 and 1878-9. From 1868 to sometime in 1870 the thirty-two cent manufactured tobacco stamps were used on snuff.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revenue_stamp#History
An animated map showing the growth and change of Canada's provinces and territories since Confederation in 1867.
1871 British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada. Several factors motivated confederation, including the fear of annexation to the United States, the overwhelming debt created by rapid population growth, the need for government-funded services to support this population, and the economic depression caused by the end of the gold rush. With the agreement by the Canadian government to extend the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to British Columbia and to assume the colony's debt, BC became the sixth province to join Confederation on July 20, 1871. The borders of the province were not completely settled until 1903, however, when the province's territory shrank somewhat after the Alaska Boundary Dispute settled the vague boundary of the Alaska Panhandle.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada#Confederation_and_expansion
1872 Mahlon Loomis receives patent for wireless ... the radio is born
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahlon_Loomis
1876 First US intercollegiate track meet held, Saratoga, NY; Princeton wins. It was held as a side attraction to the annual intercollegiate regatta at Saratoga Lake, New York. Princeton won the team championship with four first places and four seconds.
1881 Sioux Indian leader Sitting Bull, surrenders to federal troops. Group after hungry group of Sitting Bull's band crossed back into the states and onto the reservation. Finally, in July 1881, Sitting Bull presented his prized war bonnet to a Canadian officer he had befriended. "Take it, my friend, and keep it," he said. "I'm through with fighting." On July 19 he and 187 Hunkpapa surrendered at Fort Buford, in what is now Montana. American soldiers couldn't believe that these bedraggled, hungry-looking souls were the feared Hunkpapa Sioux. On the morning of the July 20, in front of American and Canadian soldiers and a Minnesota newspaperman, Sitting Bull had his eight-year-old son, Crow Foot, hand Fort Buford's Commanding Officer Major David Brotherton his Winchester rifle.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitting_Bull
1912 Phillies Sherry Magee steals home twice in 1 game.
In Chicago, the Phils pound the Cubs, 14-2. Sherry Magee leads the way with two steals of home tying a ML record. On August 1, Joe Jackson will swipe home twice to set a AL record.
Henry Ford (ca. 1919)
1903 The Ford Motor Company ships its first car.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company#History
1910 The Christian Endeavor Society of Missouri began a campaign to ban all motion pictures that depicted kissing between non-relatives.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_People%27s_Society_of_Christian_Endeavour
1917 WW I draft lottery held; #258 is first drawn. About 10 million men registered for first draft registration day. On July 20, 1917, Secretary of War Baker drew the first draft number (#258) from a large bowl.
www.gjenvick.com/Military/WorldWarOne/TheDraft/SelectiveServiceSystem/1917-07-20-Draft-DrawingTheFirstNumber.html#ixzz21CAhme3J
Serbian Historical Archives
1917 World War I: The Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corfu_Declaration
French Togoland
1922 The League of Nations awards mandates of Togoland to France and Tanganyika to the United Kingdom.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togoland#Occupation_and_beyond
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanganyika
Bonus Army marchers (left) confront the police.
1932 In Washington, D.C., police fire tear gas on World War I veterans, part of the Bonus Expeditionary Force, who attempt to march to the White House.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonus_Expeditionary_Force
1934 Labor unrest in the U.S.: as police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, during the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934, killing two and wounding sixty-seven. Led by local leaders associated with the Trotskyist Communist League of America, a group that later founded the Socialist Workers Party (United States), the strike paved the way for the organization of over-the-road drivers and the growth of the Teamsters labor union. It, along with the 1934 West Coast Longshore Strike and the 1934 Toledo Auto-Lite Strike led by the American Workers Party, were also important catalysts for the rise of industrial unionism in the 1930s, much of which was organized through the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minneapolis_Teamsters_Strike_of_1934
1934 State record high temperature of 118° in Keokuk, Iowa
1934 1934 West Coast waterfront strike: In Seattle, Washington, police fire tear gas on and club 2,000 striking longshoremen. The governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the Portland docks.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_West_Coast_waterfront_strike
1935 NBC radio debuted "G-men." Gang Busters was a dramatic radio program heralded as "the only national program that brings you authentic police case histories." It premiered as "G-Men," sponsored by Chevrolet, on July 20, 1935. The title was changed to "Gang Busters" on January 15, 1936, and the show had a 21-year run through November 20, 1957.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_Busters
1938 The United States Department of Justice files suit in New York, New York against the motion picture industry charging violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act in regards to the studio system. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
1940 Singles record charts first published by Billboard-Tommy Dorsey #1. On January 4, 1936 Billboard magazine published its first music hit parade and on July 20, 1940 the first Music Popularity Chart was calculated. Since 1958 the Hot 100 has been published, combining single sales and radio airplay. "I'll Never Smile Again" by Tommy Dorsey was the top selling single on this date.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Dorsey
1940 Denmark leaves the League of Nations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark#Foreign_relations_and_military
1940 California opens its first freeway, the Arroyo Seco Parkway.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo_Seco_Parkway
1941 Soviet leader Joseph Stalin consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the NKVD and names Lavrenti Beria its chief.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKVD
1942 The first detachment of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps begins basic training. On July 20 the first officer candidate training class of 440 women started a six-week course at Fort Des Moines. Interviews conducted by an eager press revealed that the average officer candidate was 25 years old, had attended college, and was working as an office administrator, executive secretary, or teacher. One out of every five had enlisted because a male member of her family was in the armed forces and she wanted to help him get home sooner. Several were combat widows of Pearl Harbor and Bataan. The press was asked to leave Fort Des Moines after the first day so as not to interfere with the training.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Army_Corps
Claus Philipp Maria Schenk
15 November 1907
1944 World War II: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by German Army Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claus_von_Stauffenberg
1949 Israel and Syria sign a truce to end their nineteen-month war.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Syria_Mixed_Armistice_Commission
1950 Cold War: In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Gold
1951 King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Abdullah_I
1954 Germany: Otto John, head of West Germany's secret service, defects to East Germany.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_John
1960 The Polaris missile is successfully launched from a submarine, the USS George Washington, for the first time.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_George_Washington_(SSBN-598)
1962 Pope John XXIII sent invitations to all 'separated Christian churches and communities,' asking each to send delegate-observers to the upcoming Vatican II Ecumenical Council in Rome.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council
1964 Vietnam War: Viet Cong forces attack the capital of Dinh Tuong Province, Cai Be, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War#Lyndon_B._Johnson_escalates_the_war.2C_1963.E2.80.931969
1968 The first Special Olympics is held.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Olympics#History
1969 Apollo program: Apollo 11 successfully makes the first manned landing on the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility. Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the Moon almost 7 hours later. (US Time)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_11
1974 Turkish occupation of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus after a coup d'etat, organised by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_Cypriot_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat
1976 The American Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_1
1977 Johnstown, Pennsylvania is hit by a flash flood that kills eighty and causes $350 million in damage.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel_Run_Dam#1977_failure
1977 The Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in mind control experiments.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MKUltra#Revelation
Panoramic view of Jerusalem from Gilo
1980 The United Nations Security Council votes 14-0 that member states should not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. United States abstained.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478
1992 Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel
The Falun Dafa emblem
1999 Falun Gong (literally means "Dharma Wheel Practice") is banned in China, and a large scale crackdown of the practice is launched.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong
~~~~~ Births ~~~~~
356 BC Alexander the Great, Macedonian king and conqueror of Persia (d. 323 BC)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great
810 Imam Bukhari, (d 870) Sunni Islamic scholar of Persia. He authored the hadith collection named Sahih Bukhari, a collection which Sunni Muslims regard as the most authentic of all hadith compilations.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Bukhari
[/img][/center]
1779 Obadiah Bruen Brown (d May 2, 1852) Baptist clergyman who served as Chaplain of the House (1807–1809 and 1814–1815) and as Chaplain of the Senate (1809–1810).
[a href="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obadiah_Bruen_Brown"]en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obadiah_Bruen_Brown[/a][/url]
Statue of Strzelecki in Jindabyne.
1797 Sir Paul Edmund de Strzelecki, (d 1873) Polish explorer and geologist
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Edmund_de_Strzelecki
1822 Gregor Mendel, (d 1884) Austrian scientist and Augustinian friar who gained posthumous fame as the founder of the new science of genetics. Mendel demonstrated that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance. Although the significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century, the independent rediscovery of these laws formed the foundation of the modern science of genetics.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel
1838 Augustin Daly, American playwright (d. 1899)
1849 Robert Anderson Van Wyck, (d 1918) Mayor of New York City, first mayor of New York City after the consolidation of the five boroughs into the City of New York in 1898.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Anderson_Van_Wyck
1868 Miron Cristea, (d 1939) 1st Patriarch of All Romania
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea
Child Evangelism Fellowship
1877 Jesse Overholtzer, who in 1937 incorporated Child Evangelism Fellowship in Chicago. Today the CEF mission agency works in over 60 countries worldwide
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Evangelism_Fellowship
1896 Eunice Sanborn, (d 2011) American supercentenarian
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eunice_Sanborn
1901 Heinie Manush, American baseball player (d. 1971)
1918 Cindy Walker, American singer (d. 2006)
1919 Sir Edmund Hillary, (d 2008) New Zealand mountaineer, explorer and philanthropist. On 29 May 1953, Hillary and Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers confirmed as having reached the summit of Mount Everest. They were part of the ninth British expedition to Everest, led by John Hunt. Hillary was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Hillary
1920 Elliot Richardson, (d. 1999) American lawyer and politician who was a member of the cabinet of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. As U.S. Attorney General, he was a prominent figure in the Watergate Scandal, and resigned rather than obey President Nixon's order to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox. Richardson is the only individual to serve in four United States Cabinet positions within the United States government: Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1970 to 1973, Secretary of Defense from January to May 1973, Attorney General from May 24 to October 1973, and Secretary of Commerce from 1976 to 1977.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot_Richardson
1922 Alan Stephenson Boyd, American politician, 1st United States Secretary of Transportation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Stephenson_Boyd
1924 Thomas Berger, American novelist
1926 Lola Albright, American actress
1929 Mike Ilitch, American businessman and sports executive
1930 Chuck Daly, American basketball coach (d. 2009)
1933 Buddy Knox, American singer and songwriter (d. 1999)
1933 Cormac McCarthy, American author
1936 Barbara Mikulski, senior United States Senator from Maryland and a member of the Democratic Party. Mikulski, a former United States Representative, is the longest-serving female senator and the longest-serving woman in the history of the U.S. Congress, having served since 1977.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski
1938 Tony Oliva, Cuban baseball player
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Oliva
1939 Judy Chicago, American artist
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy_Chicago
1942 Pete Hamilton, American race car driver
1942 T. G. Sheppard, American country music singer
1945 Kim Carnes, American singer and songwriter
1945 Larry Craig, former Republican politician from the U.S. state of Idaho. He served 18 years in the U.S. Senate (1991–2009), preceded by 10 years in the U.S. House, representing Idaho's first district (1981–91). His 28 years in the Congress rank as the second-longest in Idaho history, trailing only William Borah, who served over 32 years in the Senate. In addition to serving in Congress, Craig has been a member of the Board of Directors of the National Rifle Association since 1983. Craig has also been selected for induction into the Idaho Hall of Fame.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Craig
1945 John Lodge, English musician (The Moody Blues)
1945 Harrison Ellenshaw, American matte painter
1946 Randal Kleiser, American film director
1947 Carlos Santana, Mexican-born American guitarist
1948 Muse Watson, American actor
1953 Thomas Friedman, American journalist
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Friedman
1953 Marcia Hines, American-born Australian singer
1953 Dan Shaughnessy, American sports writer
1954 Moira Harris, American actress
1954 Jay Jay French, guitarist for Twisted Sister
1954 Larry Levan, American DJ (d. 1992)
1956 Michael Gordon, American composer
1957 Donna Dixon, American actress
1958 Billy Mays, (d 2009) American TV pitchman, most notable for promoting OxiClean, Orange Glo, and other cleaning, home-based, and maintenance products on the Home Shopping Network, and through his company, Mays Promotions, Inc.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Mays
1959 Radney Foster, Texas country music singer/songwriter
1962 Carlos Alazraqui, American actor and comedian
1963 Frank Whaley, American actor
1964 Chris Cornell, American musician (Soundgarden, Audioslave)
1964 Terri Irwin, American naturalist; widow of Steve Irwin
1964 Kool G Rap, American musician
1964 Dean Winters, American actor
1965 Jess Walter, American author
1966 Stone Gossard, American musician (Pearl Jam, Mother Love Bone, Brad)
1967 Reed Diamond, American actor
1967 Courtney Taylor-Taylor, American musician (The Dandy Warhols)
1968 Jimmy Carson, American ice hockey player
1968 Michael Park, American actor
1969 Josh Holloway, American actor
1969 Tobi Vail, American musician (Bikini Kill, The Go Team, The Frumpies)
1971 Charles Johnson, American baseball player
1971 DJ Screw, American hip hop deejay (d. 2000)
1972 Vitamin C, American singer
1973 Omar Epps, American actor
1973 Claudio Reyna, American soccer player
1974 Phofo, American musician
1974 Simon Rex, American actor
1975 Ray Allen, American basketball player
1975 Judy Greer, American actress
1976 Erica Hill, American news anchor
1978 Charlie Korsmo, American actor
1978 Will Solomon, American basketball player
1978 Elliott Yamin, American Idol contestant
1982 Percy Daggs III, American actor
1984 Matt Gilroy, American hockey player
1985 John Francis Daley, American actor
1988 Julianne Hough, American ballroom dancer
1988 Stephen Strasburg, American baseball player
1997 Billi Bruno, American actress
~~~~~ Deaths ~~~~~
985 Pope Boniface VII, was an antipope (974, 984–985). He is supposed to have put Pope Benedict VI to death. A popular tumult compelled him to flee to Constantinople in 974; he carried off a vast treasure, and returned in 984 and removed Pope John XIV (983–984) from office, who had been elected in his absence, by murder. After a brief rule from 984 to 985, he died under suspicious circumstances.
1160 Peter Lombard, French theologian
1704 Peregrine White, (b. 1620), first English child born to the Pilgrims in the New World, a child of William and Susanna White, Mayflower Pilgrims. Peregrine was born aboard the Pilgrim ship Mayflower at Cape Cod Harbor (now Provincetown Harbor) before the end of November, 1620. He died in Marshfield, Massachusetts on July 20, 1704 at age 83 years and 8 months. He was the first baby born on the Mayflower as it was docked ouside Plymouth Colony.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrine_White
1903 Pope Leo XIII (b 1810) born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci to an Italian comital family, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903. He was the oldest pope (reigning until the age of 93), and had the third longest pontificate, behind his immediate predecessor Pius IX and John Paul II.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII
1923 Francisco "Pancho" Villa, aka José Doroteo Arango Arámbula (b. 1878) Mexican rebel
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_%22Pancho%22_Villa
1937 Guglielmo Marconi, (b 1874) Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi
1941 Lew Fields, American vaudeville performer (b. 1867)
1944 Mildred Harris, American actress (b. 1901)
1951 King Abdullah I of Jordan (b. 1882)
1959 William D. Leahy, (b 1875) American admiral, building his reputation through administration and staff work. As Chief of Naval Operations (1937–39) he was the senior officer in Navy, overseeing the preparations for war. After retiring from the Navy he was appointed by his close friend President Franklin D. Roosevelt as Governor of Puerto Rico and, in his most controversial role, as Ambassador to Vichy France, which was an ally of Nazi Germany, 1940-42. Leahy was recalled to active duty as the personal Chief of Staff to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 and served in that position throughout World War II, and continued under President Harry S. Truman until finally retiring in 1949. In effect, though not in title, he was the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; he also presided over the American delegation to the Combined Chiefs of Staff. In these multiple roles he was at the center of all major American military decisions in World War II. As Fleet Admiral, Leahy was the first U.S. naval officer ever to hold a five-star rank in the U.S. Armed Forces.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Leahy
1969 Roy Hamilton, American singer (b. 1929)
1973 Bruce Lee, American actor and martial artist (b. 1940)
1973 Robert Smithson, American land artist (b. 1938)
1976 Joseph Rochefort, (b 1900) American Naval officer and cryptanalyst. His contributions and those of his team were pivotal to victory in the Pacific War. Rochefort was a major figure in the United States Navy's cryptographic and intelligence operations from 1925 to 1946, particularly in the Battle of Midway.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Rochefort
1977 Gary Kellgren, American music producer (b. 1939)
1983 Frank Reynolds, American television news anchor (b. 1923)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Reynolds
1987 Richard Egan, American actor (b. 1921)
1989 Forrest H. Anderson, Governor of Montana (b. 1913)
1993 Vincent Foster Jr., White House deputy counsel (b. 1945)
1998 June Byers, American professional wrestler (b. 1922)
1999 Sandra Gould, American actress (b. 1916)
2000 Gregory Hill American writer (b. 1941)
2004 Scott Andrew Mink, American convicted murderer (b. 1963)
2005 Kayo Hatta, American film director (b. 1958)
2007 Tammy Faye Messner (Bakker), (b 1942) American televangelist, Christian singer, entrepreneur, author, talk show host, and television personality. She was married from 1961 to 1992 to televangelist, and later convicted felon, Jim Bakker. She co-hosted with him on The PTL Club (1976–1987). She was a participant in the 2004 season of the reality show The Surreal Life
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammy_Faye_Messner
2008 Artie Traum, American guitarist (b. 1943)
2009 Mark Rosenzweig, American brain researcher (b. 1922)
Holidays and observances
Christian Feast Day:
Apollinaris of Ravenna
Aurelius
Elijah
Margaret the Virgin
Thorlac (relic translation)
Wilgefortis (cult suppressed)
July 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Saints
Holy and glorious Prophet Elijah (9th century BC)
Saint Elias of Jerusalem, Patriarch and confessor
Saint Flavius of Antioch, Patriarch and confessor
Saint Abramius of Galich near Chukhloma Lake, disciple of Saint Sergius of Radonezh (1375)
Russian New martyrs Lydia with soldiers Alexei and Cyril (1928)
Russian New martyrs Philosoph Ornatsky and those with him (1918)
Russian New martyr Juvenal, deacon
Martyr Ilia Chavchavadze of Georgia (1907)
Righteous Martyr Maria Skobtsova (1945)
Priestmartyr Dimitri Klepinin (1945)
Other commemorations
Uncovering of the relics of martyr Athanasios at Brest Litovsk (1679)
Repose of righteous priest Valentine Amphiteatrov (1908)
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www.christianity.com/churchhistory/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_20_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi
www.amug.org/~jpaul/jul20.html
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_20
www.daysuntil.com/Election-Day/index.html